尿素/己内酰胺/氢氧化钠/水溶剂体系对纤维素的溶解和再生性能

探讨了尿素/己内酰胺/氢氧化钠/水溶剂体系对纤维素的溶解和再生情况.利用正交试验确定了该体系各组分的最佳组成(质量分数):尿素10%,己内酰胺4%,氢氧化钠8%.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、热重失重(TGA)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对再生前后的纤维素进行了表征.结果表明,该溶剂体系对纤维素具有良好的溶解性能,并且是纤维素的直接溶剂;低温有利于纤维素的溶解;溶解再生后的纤维素晶型发生了变化,热稳定性有所降低.     

尿素/己内酞胺/氢氧化钠/水溶剂体系对纤维素的溶解和再生性能

探讨了尿素/己内酞胺/氢氧化钠/水溶剂体系对纤维素的溶解和再生情况.利用正交试验确定了该体系各组分的最佳组成(质量分数):尿素10%,己内酞胺4%,氢氧化钠8%.采用红外光谱(MR)、热重失重(TGA)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对再生前后的纤维素进行了表征.结果表明,该溶剂体系对纤维素具有良好的溶解性能,并且是纤...     

Pt/Au/Fe3O4的制备及其电化学性能

以制得的纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒作为载体,用还原法将还原出的Au与Pt分别负载到Fe₃O₄颗粒表面,制得纳米Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄复合材料。对Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄进行紫外可见光吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射及光电子能谱等物理表征,结果表明,Au与Pt均匀地沉积到了Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒表面。对纳米Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄复合材料进行循环伏安扫描,当H₂PtCl₆的加入量达到8 mL时,Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄催化性能最佳;正扫电流峰i_p与扫描速率的平方根v^1/2线性相关,Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄催化氧化甲醇的过程受扩散控制;对催化剂进行201次循环伏安扫描,催化剂仍然能保持较好的催化性能且稳定性良好。因此,所合成催化剂Pt/Au/Fe₃O₄是一种具有良好化学稳定性的阳极催化剂材料。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的制备及其电化学性能

以Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2(2)和Li2CO3为原料,在空气气氛中,经过高温热处理工艺制备了高结晶度的锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(1)。正交试验确定最佳工艺条件为:2 0.3 mol,n(Li):n(2)=1.2,于950℃反应13 h。电化学性能研究结果表明,在2.7 V～4.6 V,电流密度16 mA.g-1时,1的首次放电比容量为203.4 mAh.g-1;经16 mA.g-1循环2次,32 mA.g-1循环9次,80 mA.g-1循环20次后放电比容量为164.1 mAh.g-1。     

PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6共混物结构与可纺性研究

运用DSC、SEM、纺丝成形等手段研究了增容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐 (PP g MAH)对聚丙烯 聚酰胺 6(PP PA6 )共混物结构和性能的影响 .结果表明 ,共混物呈典型海岛型两相结构 ;增容剂PP g MAH与PA6之间的在位反应改善了PP PA6共混体系的相容性 ,使共混物中PA6的热结晶峰消失 ,PP的结晶生长速率和成核速率降低 ,可纺性提高     

油酸/PSt/TiO_2复合纳米微球的制备

纳米复合材料是近年来化学、物理及材料科学研究最活跃的领域之一 .有机 -无机复合纳米微球的制备和性能研究是这一研究领域的一个重要分支 .有机 -无机复合纳米微球兼有有机材料、无机材料和纳米材料的特性 ,特别是“球形”结构使其具有微观的“滚动”特性而倍受摩擦学工作者的青睐 .目前聚合物纳米微球的摩擦学性能研究已取得了重要进展 [1～ 4 ] .段标等 [3,5]认为聚合物微球的润滑机理是在摩擦过程中 ,微球进入摩擦表面 ,因其弹性和球形 ,而起到一定的滚动作用 ;高载荷下 ,微球变形并在摩擦表面形成聚合物润滑膜 .然而有关聚合物 /无机…     

锂离子电池正极材料LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2

镍钴锰三元材料作为锂二次电池正极材料是目前国内外研究热点。综述了三元材料近几年国内外的研究状况，重点介绍了LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2材料的结构与电化学性能的内在联系，探讨了不同制备方法及不同元素的掺杂改性对材料的影响，讨论了LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料的应用前景。     

Ag/AgNO3修饰钛酸盐纳米管薄膜的制备及性能

采用水热法合成了钛酸盐纳米管薄膜,通过光催化还原反应将Ag/AgNO3纳米粒子负载其上,制得Ag/AgNO3修饰钛酸盐纳米管薄膜,并对其形貌、结构和化学组成进行了表征.Ag/AgNO3修饰后钛酸盐纳米管薄膜的性能发生了明显变化,不仅展示出光致变色的性能,而且光催化活性得到显著提高,此外,纳米管表面产生出的活泼自由基协同具有强氧化能力的Ag+能有效抑制或杀灭细菌,使薄膜具有优异的抗菌性能.     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

A study of the spinel materials LiTi2O4 and Li43Ti53O4 by photoelectron spectroscopy

HeI-excited valence-band ultraviolet photoelectron spectra and MgKα-excited Ti-2p X-ray photoelectron spectra are reported for the spinel materials LiTi₂O₄ and $\text{Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>4</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Ti}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{O}{}_4$. The presence of a Fermi edge in the ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum of LiTi₂O₄ confirms the metallic nature of this material, although the measured density of states at the Fermi energy is much lower than that expected from an independent-electron interpretation of the magnetic susceptibility. This difference is attributed to a strong interaction of the conduction electrons with the lattice vibrations. The localization of conduction electrons that occurs in the final state in the Ti-2p X-ray photoelectron spectrum of LiTi₂O₄ is attributed to a Coulomb interaction with a core hole.     

Oxygen defect K2NiF4-type oxides: The compounds La2−xSrxCuO4−x2+δ

Oxygen defect K₂NiF₄-type oxides $\text{La}{}_{\mathrm{2?x}}\text{Sr}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{CuO}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>4?</mtext><mtext>x</mtext><mtext>2</mtext><mtext>+\delta </mtext>}}$ have been synthesized for a wide composition range: 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.34. From the X-ray and electron diffraction study three domains have been characterized: orthorhombic compounds with La₂CuO₄ structure for 0 ≤ x < 0.10, tetragonal oxides similar to LaSrCuO₄ for 0.10 ≤ x < 1 and several superstructures derived from the tetragonal cell ( with n = 3, 4, 4.5, 5, 6) for 1 ≤ x ≤ 1.34. The compounds corresponding to 0 < x < 1 differ from the other oxides in that they are characterized by the presence of copper with two oxidation states: + 2 and + 3. A model structure for La_0.8Sr_1.2CuλO_3.4, in which copper has only the + 2 oxidation state, and for which the actual cell is tegragonal—a = 18.80₄ Å and c = 12.94 Å—has been established. The particular structural evolution of these compounds is discussed in terms of a competition between the capability of Cu(II) to be oxidized to Cu(III) and the ordering of oxygen vacancies.     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

Visible light-sensitive yellow TiO2−xNx and Fe-N co-doped Ti1−yFeyO2−xNx anatase photocatalysts

Nitrogen substituted yellow colored anatase TiO_2−xN_x and Fe-N co-doped Ti_1−yFe_yO_2−xN_x have been easily synthesized by novel hydrazine method. White anatase TiO_2−δ and N/Fe-N-doped samples are semiconducting and the presence of ESR signals at g ∼1.994-2.0025 supports the oxygen vacancy and g∼4.3 indicates Fe³⁺ in the lattice. TiO_2−xN_x has higher conductivity than TiO_2−x and Fe/Fe-N-doped anatase and the UV absorption edge of white TiO_2−x extends in the visible region in N, Fe and Fe-N co-doped TiO₂, which show, respectively, two band gaps at ∼3.25/2.63, ∼3.31/2.44 and 2.8/2.44 eV. An activation energy of ∼1.8 eV is observed in Arrhenius log resistivity vs. 1/T plots for all samples. All TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ show low 2-propanol photodegradation activity but have significant NO photodestruction capability, both in UV and visible regions, while standard Degussa P-25 is incapable in destroying NO in the visible region The mid-gap levels that these N and Fe-N-doped TiO₂ consist may cause this discrepancy in their photocatalytic activities.