气液固三相反应过程固体溶解增强因子

基于双膜理论,考虑了气液液膜内、固液液膜内传质过程,推导出一个较确切的描述液固相界面随反应进行发生变化时伴有气体吸收与固体溶解并在液膜内发生瞬间反应的模型,给出一个描述三相反应过程的固体溶解增强因子的表达式。用本模型计算的固体溶解增强因子能很好地描述实验数据。     

氢气在松脂和松香中的体积传质系数

高压搅拌釜和计算机数据采集系统，在温度373 K～573 K，压力2.0 MPa～10.0 MPa，搅拌转速600 r/min的实验条件下，根据气体等容吸收降压原理，测定了氢气在松脂和松香中的体积传质系数，并建立了体积传质系数与温度、压力的关联式，为松脂和松香催化加氢反应动力学的研究提供了基础数据。考察了温度、压力对体积传质系数的影响，结果表明体积传质系数随温度和压力的升高而增加。在计算体积传质系数过程中，微分法与积分法二者之间平均绝对偏差为：松脂4.74×10－4，松香1.21×10－4。     

湿润率对疏水性膜接触器传质性能的影响

根据双膜理论提出了疏水性膜湿润机理,关联了阻力层方程、Laplace方程和膜孔径分布函数,建立了新型传质数学模型,采用PP疏水性微孔膜、水和MDEA(N-甲基二乙醇胺)水溶液为吸收剂,研究了膜接触器吸收CO₂传质过程,考察了压差、表面张力和温度等因素所产生的湿润率对传质性能的影响.结果表明,用新型模型能较准确地预测湿润率对传质系数的影响,模型值与实验值符合较好;压差、表面张力和温度对湿润率影响较大,是膜接触器传质过程需要考虑的因素.     

湿度对Cu/TCNQ金属有机双层膜化学传质的影响研究

采用真空蒸发方法制备了Cu/TCNQ金属机双层膜. 系统研究了湿度对CuTCNQ络合物形成过程的影响规律, 结果表明湿度对膜的化学反应传质过程有明显加速作用. 过程机制在干燥条件与湿度作用条件下有本质不同: 前者为固体化学扩散机制, 而后者为水溶液电化学反应机制. 进一步深入分析传质时间与湿度的关系后发现, 湿度条件下薄膜对水分子的吸附是反应传质速度的控制步骤.     

两种填料片表面润湿性能及其对CO2吸收传质的影响

为提高CO2吸收填料塔的传质效率,研究了填料片表面润湿性能变化对传质过程的影响．设计了一种能够进行CO2吸收的气液接触传质实验装置,并对两种具有不同液固接触角的平板进行了吸收传质对比实验,实验采用15wt％的MEA溶液为吸收剂,原料气CO2与空气比例为1：3．通过实验给出了润湿性能对吸收传质效率的影响．为进一步了解不同润湿条件下的流动和传质行为细节,建立了基于VOF方法的三维计算流体力学模型,模拟了与传质实验对应的不同液固接触角时液体降膜流动与传质行为,得到了不同润湿性能时的降膜流动速度分布及浓度分布图像,模拟结果与实验值吻合较好,定量解释了接触角变化导致液膜流动结构和吸收传质效果变化的原因．     

H2和CO在间二甲苯中的溶解度和体积传质系数的研究

使用ＩＬ搅拌釜，在温度８０～１６０℃，压力０．５～５．０ＭＰａ范围内，实测了Ｈ２和ＣＯ在间二甲苯中的溶解度和体积传质系数。结果表明，两者均随温度和压力的升高而增大。实验结果与工于正规溶液理论Ｐｒａｕｓｎｉｔｚ－Ｓｈａｉｒ法计算的气体溶解度比较相符。在相同温度、压力条件下，ＣＯ的溶解度和体积传质系数比Ｈ２大。相同温度、压力下不同液相介质中Ｈ２和ＣＯ的体积传质系数排序如下：（ｋＬａ）ＭＥＦ〉（ｋＬａ）     

H2和CO在甲醇和甲酸甲酯中的体积传质系数的研究

利用一立升的高压搅拌釜，在不同的温度（２９６～３７３Ｋ）、气体压力（１．０～５．０ＭＰａ）下，研究了Ｈ_２、ＣＯ在甲醇和甲酸甲酯中的体积传质系数（ｋ１ａ），并对Ｈ_２－甲醇体系，研究了不同搅拌速度（８００～１２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ）和颗粒浓度（０～１５Ｗ％）对Ｈ２在甲醇中的体积传质系数的影响。实验中发现：气体在两种液体介质中的体积传质系数均随温度的升高而增加，随气体分压的增加而增加。在同一种液体介质中，Ｈ_２的体积传质系数高于ＣＯ，对于同一种气体，在甲酸甲酯中的传质系数高于甲醇中的传质系数。对Ｈ_２－甲醇体系的研究结果表明，提高搅拌速度可以增加Ｈ_２的体积传质系数，但颗粒浓度的增加则降低Ｈ_２在甲醇中的体积传质系数。     

采用浅床技术测定亚铁氰化钛钾交换Cs+的传质特性

采用浅床技术分别研究了料液浓度、操作温度以及料液流速对用亚铁氰化钛钾无机离子交换剂从硝酸铯溶液中交换Cs+的总传质系数的影响.结果表明,随着料液浓度的上升,总传质系数变化不大,仅在q(交换剂相Cs+浓度)较高时呈微弱的下降趋势.在实验范围内,随着操作温度的升高,总传质系数相应升高.料液流速对亚铁氰化钛钾交换Cs+的总传质系数的影响最大,其影响分为两个阶段当q＜0.25mmol/ml时,对一定的料液流速,总传质系数随着q值增加而较快下降;对一定的q值,总传质系数随着料液流速增加而增加.当q≥0.25mmol/ml时,时一定的料液流速,总传质系数随着q值增加缓慢下降;对一定的q值,不同料液流速下的总传质系数几乎没有区别.总之,当q值较小时,传质过程由液膜扩散和交换剂粒内扩散共同控制;当q值较大时,液膜扩散阻力相对于交换剂粒内扩散阻力要小得多,传质过程由交换剂粒内扩散控制.     

H_2和CO在间二甲苯中的溶解度和体积传质系数的研究

使用 1L搅拌釜 ,在温度 80～ 1 60℃ ,压力 0 5～ 5 0MPa范围内 ,实测了H2 和CO在间二甲苯中的溶解度和体积传质系数。结果表明 ,两者均随温度和压力的升高而增大。实验结果与基于正规溶液理论Prausnitz-Shair法计算的气体溶解度比较相符。在相同温度、压力条件下 ,CO的溶解度和体积传质系数比H2 大。相同温度、压力下不同液相介质中H2 和CO的体积传质系数排序如下 :(kLa) MEF>(kLa) MeOH>(kLa) m -xylene>(kLa) paraffin。此外 ,在实验范围内获得了亨利系数 ,偏摩尔体积和溶解热等数据。     

热致相分离聚偏氟乙烯膜接触器法高压吸收CO2过程及数学模拟

研究了膜接触器法高压吸收混合气中CO2的过程,考察水作为吸收剂时,操作压力、气体和吸收剂流量对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维膜脱除CO2效果的影响.通过物理传质模型得出气相、膜相和液相的传质方程式,构建了二维数学模型,并结合边界层条件和多物理场耦合分析软件(COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS)对膜接触器法高压物理吸收CO2的过程进行了模拟预测.结果表明,吸收过程中膜的润湿情况显著影响CO2传质效果;在数学模型中引入润湿率,可以较准确预测CO2的物理吸收效果.     

Influence of suspended solid particles on gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient in a system stirred by double impellers

The aim of the research work was to investigate the effect of the presence and concentration of solid particles on the gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a mechanically stirred gas-solid-liquid system. Experimental studies were conducted in a tall vessel of the diameter of 0.288 m, equipped with two designs of double stirrers. Three high-speed stirrers were used: A 315, Smith turbine, and Rushton turbine. The following operating parameters were changed: gas flow rate, stirrer speed, and solid concentration. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient was determined using the dynamic gassing-out method. In the range of the measurements conducted, this coefficient was strongly affected by both the presence and the concentration of particles in the system. Generally, a low concentration of particles in the system, equal to 0.5 mass %, caused an increase of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient values for both stirrer configurations compared to a system without solids whilst more particles (2.5 mass %) caused a decrease of this coefficient. It could be supposed that an increase of slurry viscosity affected the decrease of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient at higher solid concentration. An empirical correlation was proposed for volumetric mass transfer coefficient prediction. Its parameters were fitted using experimental data. Presented at the 35th International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 26–30 May 2008.     

二(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸在中空纤维膜器中萃取镱、铒及传质研究

中空纤维膜萃取技术是将液液萃取过程与膜过程相结合的新型分离技术．二（２,４,４三甲基戊基）膦酸（ＨＢＴＭＰＰ,ＨＬ）萃取稀土及其它高价金属离子时所需水相酸度低,反萃容易,加之空间位阻等因素,很可能成为优于２乙基己基膦酸单２乙基己基酯（ＨＥＨ／...     

Membrane extraction for separation of copper cations from acid solution using polypropylene hollow fibre membrane

The membrane extraction of copper ions was carried out using hydrophobic poly(propylene) (PP) hollow fiber membrane modules and kerosene solutions containing organic extractant. The influences of different extractant on the extraction yield, mass transfer performance and mass transfer mechanism were studied. Compared with 2‐ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (2EHPA) and 2‐methyl‐5‐sulpho benzaldoxime (2M5SB), di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) extractant system with high distribution coefficient exhibited higher extraction yield of 99.7%. The extraction equilibrium time, the final extraction yield and the total mass transfer coefficient were independent of the flow rates of two phases. The extraction equilibrium time and the final extraction yield at different flow rates of two phases were 80 min and near 99.5%, respectively. A mass transfer model of a complexation reaction describing the overall mass transfer resistance was controlled by interfacial reactions rather than the aqueous and organic boundary layer which could explain the effect of flow rate on the final extraction yield and the total mass transfer coefficient. This model showed that the mass transfer resistance and mass transfer coefficient were independent of Cu²⁺ when copper ion concentration was more than 0.06 g/L. However, when copper concentration was less than 0.06 g/l, the mass transfer resistance increased as Cu²⁺ concentration decreased, and the mass transfer coefficient decreased as Cu²⁺ concentration decreased. Extractant entrainment in the aqueous phase and membrane fouling were investigated primarily. It was found that the solvent entrainment could reduce to 10 ppm much lower than 200 ppm of the classic liquid–liquid extraction, and that the cleaning of contaminated membranes was not complete. However, it can be still concluded from this research that the membrane extraction in PP hollow fibre with D2EHPA extractant would be an effective and promising processing means for Cu²⁺ separation from aqueous solution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transport of Acids through Polyether-Sulfone Anion-Exchange Membrane

Diffusion dialysis of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid into water with a polyether-sulfone anion-exchange membrane was studied. Transport of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid through the membrane has been quantified by diffusion coefficients and mass transfer coefficients. The mass transfer coefficients were investigated as a function of the rotational speed of the stirring rate of both sides of the membrane and with different pH ranges. It was observed that the diffusion dialysis seems to be dependent on the rotational speed of the stirrer; in contrast, the membrane mass transfer coefficients are independent of rotational speed, but they are slightly affected by the initial acid concentration in donor phase. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

中空纤维致密膜基吸收CO2传质过程

研究了硅橡胶/聚砜中空纤维致密膜基吸收CO2的传质机理,考察了吸收剂种类(NaOH,MEA,DEA和TEA)、NaOH浓度、吸收剂流速、吸收剂压力和气相压力对CO2传质通量及传质速率的影响.其中,用2×103mol/m3NaOH作吸收剂时,聚合物膜传质为控制步骤,其传质效率与膜自然渗透相近.     

HEH/EHP在中空纤维膜器中萃取钕、钐及传质研究

２－乙基己基膦酸单２－乙基己基酯（ＨＥＨ／ＥＨＰ,ＨＬ）是广泛用于稀土分离湿法冶金的有效萃取剂［１～３］．未氨化的ＨＥＨ／ＥＨＰ在中空纤维膜（ＨＦＭ）中萃取稀土元素的机理和控制模式已有报道［４,５］,但未氨化的ＨＥＨ／ＥＨＰ对轻、中稀土的萃取能力较弱...     

加温加压条件下气液固三相鼓泡塔体积传质系数的测定

气液固三相鼓泡塔反应器被广泛地应用于化工、石油化工、煤化工、化工冶金、环境工程等领域,如石油馏分的加氢、煤的脱硫与脱氮、对二甲苯氧化、费托合成、甲醇合成、二甲醚合成以及含有机物废水的湿式氧化等工业过程[1.2].     

Particle Formation by Emulsion Inversion Method: Effect of the Stirring Speed on Inversion and Formation of Spherical Particles

Summery: Phase inversion emulsification technique was employed in this work as a practical method to form epoxy particles. The effect of stirring speed on the inversion behaviour and the morphological aspects of the resulting solid epoxy particles are investigated. Emulsion inversion was induced by increasing the amount of initially dispersed deionized water in the presence of a non-ionic block copolymer surfactant at a fixed concentration. The process of inversion was followed by monitoring the variations in the rotational speed of the stirrer caused by the viscosity variations of the emulsifying system throughout the process. It was shown that the mixing speed plays an important role in controlling the size and size distribution of the resulting emulsion particles. Below a critical stirring speed, spherical particles could not be formed and the inversion process resulted in macroscopically non-homogeneous multi shape structures. Fully spherical particles were formed above this critical speed. Further increase in the rotational speed of the mixer, significantly reduced the size of these spherical particles with a wide and random size distributions controlled and considerably narrowed by the stirring speed. Dynamic light scattering analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the particle size and size distributions. In addition, study of the rotational speed variations of the stirrer, which is directly related to the viscosity changes of the emulsifying system, revealed that a correlation between the physical aspects of the inversion behaviour and the viscosity changes during the emulsion inversion process could be established.     

Absorption of ammonia in the melt of ammonium nitrate

The paper deals with the absorption of ammonia in a model fertilizer of ammonium nitrate. Volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient quantitatively characterizing the process was estimated on the basis of experimental data and kinetics modeling. The volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient depends on the temperature, content of water in the fertilizer and hydrodynamic conditions. Different hydrodynamic conditions were simulated by different speeds of the propeller stirrer. The empirical equation describing the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient was proposed.     

Effect of Sodium dodecyl sulfate on the Mass Transfer Rate between Styrene and Water

Summary: The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the mass transfer rate between styrene and water has been investigated. SDS increases the solubility of styrene in water even below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and therefore increases the thermodynamic driving force for the mass transfer. The mass transfer coefficient however is not altered by SDS, even if the interface is almost saturated with emulsifier.