吸热碳氢燃料裂解镧改性混合型催化剂的研究

制备了吸热型碳氢燃料NNJ-150和镧离子交换改性的USY、ZSM-5分子重申及混合分子筛，考察了NNJ-150在USHY、HZSM-5和两者混合物以及镧改性单分子筛和混合分子筛催化剂上的裂解反应。结果表明，ZSM-5分子筛中添加镧，对NNJ-150的单分子裂解反应有明显影响；混合分子两种分子筛之间存在协同作用，低温（500℃）下，LaUSY LaZSM-5（75：25）混合分子筛对低碳烯烃的选择性较高（41.48％），催化剂寿命较长（35min以上），能有效提高吸热型碳氢燃料NNJ-150的吸热能效。     

硅磷酸铝分子筛催化羧酸的酯化反应研究

用新型硅磷酸铝分子筛和改性的硅磷酸铝分子筛催化脂肪族羧酸与脂肪族醇的酯化反应，以正戊酸分别与正丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇和正辛醇以及正辛醇分别与乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、正戊酸和正己酸的酯化反应作为探针实验进行了系统研究，实验结果显示，改性的硅磷酸铝分子筛比不改性的硅磷酸铝分子筛具有更高的酯化催化活性，实验发现，反应物的结构对酯化反应产生了显著的影响，文章揭示了新型硅磷酸铝分子筛和改性的硅磷酸铝分子筛对于羧酸的直接酯化反应的系列规律性。     

铌硅铝磷分子筛的合成及催化酯化性能研究

合成了铌硅铝磷分子筛NbSAPO-5催化剂,并对其进行了XRD、BET表面吸附、ICP、SEM、NH3-TPD吸附表征,结果表明所合成的分子筛具有AFI的晶体结构;考察了催化剂对合成丙酮酸甲酯反应的催化酯化活性,表明Nb的引入使双功能催化剂的氧化和酯化功能更趋平衡,在改善酯化能力的同时,也使得酸酯总收率大大提高．     

松香和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯酯化反应研究

研究了松香(Rosin)与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)在甲苯溶液中进行的酯化反应,探讨了催化剂种类及用量、原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对酯化反应的影响,并对酯化反应动力学进行了研究。结果表明,反应的优化条件为三乙胺作催化剂,用量为松香质量的0.5%,反应物配比n(rosin)∶n(GMA)=1.0∶1.0,反应温度120℃,反应时间7 h。红外(FT-IR)及1H-NMR分析表明已成功制备了松香与GMA的酯化物,动力学分析表明酯化反应为一级反应,反应活化能为57.81 KJ·mol-1。     

磷酸铝分子筛催化合成戊酸正戊酯

首次用磷酸铝分子筛催化戊酸与正戊醇的酯化反应合成了戊酸正戊酯。适宜的酯化条件为:戊酸50mmol,n(正戊醇)∶n(戊酸)=1.2∶1.0,回流反应3 h~5 h,1 mol戊酸用催化剂2.0 g,酯化率高于90%。     

分子筛催化下环氧氯丙烷开环反应的溶剂效应

环氧化合物与羧酸的开环加成酯化是有机化学中一类重要反应,开环形成的羧酸β-羟基酯有着十分广泛的用途。这类反应的进行通常需要高活性的催化剂,我们曾将Fe(Ⅲ)改性的ZSM-5分子筛应用于羧酸β-羟基酯的合成。本文用Fe-ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,以环氧氯丙烷与丙酸反应作为模型,研究了取代苯为溶剂时对反应速率的影响,发现反应的速率     

磷酸铝分子筛作为羰酸酯化反应催化剂的研究 Ⅰ.丙酸戊酯的合成

传统方法合成羧酸酯通常用浓硫酸作催化剂,副反应多,产物分离困难,设备腐蚀严重.为克服这些缺点,张怀彬等采用了HZSM-5等硅铝分子筛催化合成羧酸酯.但AlPO_4分子筛是否具有催化酯化反应的功能,至今未见文献报道.我们以自制的新型AlPO_4分子筛CHNUAP-1作催化剂,对其催化合成丙酸戊醋的活性及反应条件进行了考察.     

稀土及其负载型催化剂催化松香酯化动力学规律研究

研究了稀土氧化物 (NdnOm,SmnOm,GdnOm,LanOm)及其负载型催化剂对松香的催化酯化反应 ,系统探讨了稀土氧化物催化松香酯化的动力学规律 ,并初步比较了稀土及其附载型催化剂的催化性能。     

用β沸石分子筛作催化剂液-固相合成丁酸戊酯的研究

用β沸石分子筛作催化剂，对正丁酸与正戊醇的液-固相酯化反应进行了研究，考察了催化剂用量、β沸石中阳离子的类型、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间、带水剂环己烷的用量和催化剂活化时间对正丁酸转化率及丁酸戊酯产率的影响，提出了无催化剂及以Al-β沸石分子筛为催化剂时的酯化反应动力学模型。     

乙醇在双功能Pd－Cu／分子筛催化剂上气相氧化酯化一步合成乙酸乙酯

研究了乙醇在双功能Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／分子筛催化剂上一步合成乙酸乙酯的反应，发现Ｐｄ是氧化活性中心的主组分，ＣＵ主要对Ｐｄ的氧化功能起调变作用，以减少乙醇深度氧化副反应，提高酯化选择性．分子筛的酸性强弱对活性，特别是对酯化选择性有明显的影响，酯化要求在较强的酸中心上进行．探讨了氧化活性中心和酸中心的匹配关系以及ＣＵ对Ｐｄ的调变作用，提出了乙醇氧化酯化机理．     

Two-step preparation for catalyst-free biodiesel fuel production

Biodiesel fuel was prepared by a two-step reaction: hydrolysis and methyl esterification. Hydrolysis was carried out at a subcritical state of water to obtain fatty acids from triglycerides of rapeseed oil, while the methyl esterification of the hydrolyzed products of triglycerides was treated near the supercritical methanol condition to achieve fatty acid methyl esters. Consequently, the two-step preparation was found to convert rapessed oil to fatty acid methyl esters in considerably shorter reaction time and milder reaction condition than the direct supercritical methanol treatment. The optimum reaction condition in this two-step preparation was 270°C and 20 min for hydrolysis and methyl esterification, respectively. Variables affecting the yields in hydrolysis and methyl esterification are discussed.     

乙酸异丙酯的合成

以乙酸和异丙醇为原料,硫酸氢钠为催化剂,合成了乙酸异丙酯;考察了反应时间、酸醇比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量对酯化率的影响,确定了最佳酯化反应条件:反应时间60min,酸醇的物质的量的比1∶0.8,催化剂用量0.8g,带水剂用量8mL.在最佳反应条件下,酯化率最高可达84.3%.     

One-pot esterification and Ritter reaction: chemo- and regioselectivity from tert-butyl methyl ether

tert-Butyl methyl ether (TBME) has been effectively used as a reagent for esterification of carboxylic acids. By varying amounts of sulfuric acid, a remarkable regioselectivity in esterification has been demonstrated. Additionally, under the present reaction conditions, one-pot esterification and Ritter reaction are achieved in almost quantitative yield.     

自制Ti/W-MCM-41介孔分子筛催化制备乳酸戊酯

采用自制的介孔分子筛Ti/W-MCM-41催化乳酸与正戊醇的酯化反应,合成了乳酸正戊酯;利用红外光谱仪分析了催化剂的化学特征,考察了分子筛的WO3质量分数、催化剂用量、醇酸物质的量比、反应时间、催化剂重复使用性能等因素对目标产物酯化率的影响.结果表明,在nSi∶nTi=30∶1,WO3质量分数10%,550℃下焙烧6h条件下制得的催化剂具有良好的催化性能;其催化合成乳酸正戊酯适宜的反应条件为:0.2mol乳酸,催化剂用量0.5g,n(正戊醇)∶n(乳酸)=1.6∶1,反应时间100min,酯化率可达94.4%.该催化剂使用7次酯化率仍可达86.6%.     

Esterification of Octanoic Acid with Octanol in Microemulsion and Emulsion System

The esterification of octanoic acid with octanol in microemulsion and emulsion system is studied. In the presence of 5–10% dodecylbenzene-sulfonic acid (DBSA), which is a surfactant-type catalyst, high conversion of esterification can be given both in microemulsion and in emulsion system. Compared with emulsion system, single-phase microemulsion is a more effective reaction system for esterification, with the advantages of comparatively little influence by the amount of water, no need of hard stirring, and stable state when laid long. The esterification of other fatty acids and alcohols in this reaction system were also accomplished in favorable conversion.     

Autocatalytic behaviour in esterification between anhydrides and alcohols

In this work the Arrhenius parameters and heat of reaction for the esterification of acetic anhydride by methanol and the esterification of propionic anhydride by 2-butanol were determined using a CPA 202 reaction calorimeter (ChemiSens). Three reaction rate models were tested for each of the esterification reactions, two of which assumed autocatalytic behaviour. The autocatalytic models were based on a carboxylic acid dependency; acetic acid and propionic acid being side products in the reactions studied. The two catalytic models gave excellent fits to the experimental results thus indicating autocatalytic behaviour.     

渗透蒸发膜应用于催化酯化反应的研究

近年来,分离膜材料和膜分离技术研究取得了重大进展,膜反应器的应用已开始引起人们的重视.但多数已发表的工作涉及的是膜分离在气相可逆反应中的应用,液相反应的例子比较少.已报导用于醇/水混合物分离的渗透蒸发膜类型很多,如能利用这些膜将某些化学反应过程中产生的水不断地给于分离,就有可能促使化学平衡向产物方向移动,从     

Surface only modification of bacterial cellulose nanofibres with organic acids

Bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibres were modified only on their surface using an esterification reaction with acetic acid, hexanoic acid or dodecanoic acid. This reaction rendered the extremely hydrophilic surfaces of BC nanofibres hydrophobic. The hydrophobicity of BC increased with increasing carbon chain length of the organic acids used for the esterification reaction. Streaming (zeta-) potential measurements showed a slight shift in the isoelectric point and a decrease in ζ_plateau was also observed after the esterification reactions. This was attributed to the loss of acidic functional groups and increase in hydrophobicity due to esterification of BC with organic acids. A method based on hydrogen/deuterium exchange was developed to evaluate the availability of surface hydroxyl groups of neat and modified BC. The thermal degradation temperature of modified BC sheets decreased with increasing carbon chain length of the organic acids used. This is thought to be a direct result of the esterification reaction, which significantly reduces the packing efficiency of the nanofibres because of a reduction in the number of effective hydrogen bonds between them.     

Application of microwave method to the solid phase synthesis of pseudopeptides containing ester bond

A new procedure was developed for reducing the reaction time and improving the yield of esterification reaction in solid phase synthesis of pseudopeptides containing an ester bond by utilizing microwave irradiation. We selected a pseudodipeptide (Fmoc-LysΨ[COO]Leu-NH₂) and optimized the microwave-assisted esterification reaction in solid phase synthesis using Fmoc chemistry. For this, microwave-assisted esterification reactions with different reaction time, temperature, and solvents were performed using 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) as the coupling reagent. We synthesized several pseudodipeptides containing an ester bond by using the optimized microwave irradiation method. The purity and yield of the pseudodipeptides synthesized in this way were better than those obtained without microwave irradiation. Furthermore, we applied this methodology for synthesizing pseudopeptides (6- and 12-mer) corresponding to the α helical peptide. The microwave-assisted esterification reaction afforded the target pseudopeptides with high yield (∼80%) and purity within 12 min, whereas the reaction without microwave irradiation afforded the target compound with poor yield (∼45%) and low purity.