可降解乳酸共聚物

聚乳酸(PLA)具有优良的生物相容性和可降解性,在许多领域特别是作为医用材料方面备受关注,得到了广泛的应用.然而乳酸均聚物由于结构与性能单一,应用受到很大局限.通过与不同的羟基酸、氨基酸或聚合物如聚乙二醇等进行共聚可以明显改善其强度、韧性、亲水性与降解性等物化性能,并且在改变聚合单元组成的同时也可通过改变共聚物的空间结构,得到线性、梳形、星形或交联以及带有反应性官能团的共聚物,极大地拓宽了乳酸基可降解高分子材料的应用范围.本文着重对乳酸共聚物的组成、结构及其开发应用方面的最新研究进展进行了较为详细的阐述.     

生物可降解高分子交联剂的研究进展

交联剂是制备水凝胶不可或缺的成分,其组成和结构影响了水凝胶的性能及应用.生物可降解性和生物相容性是作为组织工程支架、药物载体等生物医用材料所必需具备的性能.利用生物可降解性物质作为交联剂来制备化学凝胶,赋予了水凝胶上述性能,满足其作为生物医用材料的要求,拓宽水凝胶应用领域.本文主要总结了近年来多糖类(壳聚糖类、海藻酸类...     

甲壳素基新材料研究进展

甲壳素/壳聚糖良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性及独特的生理活性使其成为非常有应用价值的天然高分子材料,当前已成为新材料领域的研究热点.甲壳素/壳聚糖具有良好的可加工性能,可固定贵金属、半导体纳米材料等活性催化物质,同时其本身也具有催化作用,是一类绿色环境友好的高分子催化材料.良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性使甲壳素/壳聚糖...     

氧化淀粉的氧化度对其交联海藻酸钠/明胶互穿网络膜性能的影响

以氧化淀粉为交联剂交联明胶、以氯化钙为交联剂交联海藻酸钠,采用分步交联的方法制备了海藻酸钠/明胶互穿网络膜.通过红外光谱仪表征了氧化淀粉、海藻酸钠/明胶互穿网络膜的结构;研究了氧化淀粉的氧化度对互穿网络膜力学性能、热稳定性能、微观形貌、交联度、吸水保水性能等各种性能的影响.结果表明,随着氧化淀粉氧化度的增加,互穿网络膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、交联度呈现先增加后降低的趋势,氧化度为60%的氧化淀粉交联制备的互穿网络膜的以上性能达到最大值;吸水保水性能呈现先降低后增加的趋势,这主要是因为随着互穿网络膜交联度的增加,使两相间形成了均匀、致密的网络结构,两者分子链上大量的羟基和羧基受到束缚,导致互穿网络膜吸水率、保水率的下降.同时也说明了该体系的交联度并不是随着氧化淀粉氧化度的提高而逐渐提高,对于该体系氧化淀粉存在最佳氧化度.     

甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶水凝胶研究进展

甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶(GelMA)水凝胶的制备及其在生物医学领域的应用是最近十几年的研究热点。GelMA水凝胶因其独特的光致交联特性,可以加工成不同形貌的水凝胶支架材料,同时,因其具有可控的力学性能、降解性能,以及优秀的生物相容性,已成为具有广泛应用前景的生物高分子聚合物材料。本文主要介绍了GelMA水凝胶在止血材料、创伤敷料、组织工程支架、药物控释、骨缺损修复等领域的研究进展。     

明胶/胶原改性的研究进展

明胶/胶原因其优良的理化性质和生物学性能而在生物材料、食品包装等方面得到了广泛的应用,但其热稳定性差、机械强度低、水汽阻隔性能差等缺点限制了它的应用,因此在很多应用场合需要对明胶/胶原进行交联改性处理。本文主要综述了近年来国内外对明胶/胶原进行共混和化学交联改性以及物理改性的研究进展,并对其作用效果进行了分析。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物在生物医药中的研究进展

壳聚糖是一种用途很广的天然高分子化合物,具有无毒、生物相容性、吸附功能、生物可降解性及多种生物学活性等优异性能。本文综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物作为药物载体材料、组织工程材料、医用敷料和抗菌材料的应用,并且其在抗肿瘤方面也有一定的疗效。     

提高聚氨酯生物稳定性和相容性的研究进展

聚氨酯因其具有优异的机械性能、良好的生物稳定性和生物相容性等成为目前研究和应用广泛的一种生物高分子材料.但是作为长期植入材料,其生物稳定性和相容性并不完美,因此对聚氨酯材料进行改性来提高其生物稳定性和相容性已成为目前研究的重要方向.本文首先介绍了聚氨酯生物材料的结构特点,概述了其作为生物材料的合成进展情况,然后总结了提...     

聚乳酸立体复合物的结构与性能研究进展及展望北大核心CSCD

聚乳酸(PLA)类材料以其独特的生物相容性和生物可降解性备受关注。将其两种旋光对映体,即PLLA与PDLA共混,会产生一种具有更高熔点的立体复合物(sc-PLA),并能提高聚合物的结晶度、结晶速率以及耐热性,对于PLA类材料的开发和应用具有重要意义。本文从结晶机理、球晶形态、热稳定性和降解性能等方面综述了近年来有关sc-PLA结构与性能的研究进展,并对sc-PLA研究方向提出了作者的观点。     

聚乳酸两亲性共聚物的研究进展

聚乳酸是一种具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性高分子材料,也是被美国食品和药品管理局(FDA)批准的生物医用材料.但它本身的疏水性使其在医用方面受到限制.为克服其缺陷,人们对聚乳酸做了大量改性修饰的工作以提高亲水性,如将其与各种亲水性聚合物进行聚合制得不同结构类型的两亲性共聚物.本文中我们对聚乳酸两亲性共聚物的研究进展做了综述,并讨论了它的应用现状及前景.     

Pectin- and gelatin-based film: effect of gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties and biodegradation

Agricultural by-products, pectin and gelatin, were used to prepare a biodegradable film. The film casting solution including the pectin and gelatin was irradiated at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kGy to investigate the irradiation effect on the mechanical properties of the film. The tensile strength of the 10 kGy-irradiated film was the highest among the treatments but the elongation at break, water vapour permeability, and swelling ratio were the lowest. Hunter color L^*- and a^*-values decreased but the b^*-value increased as the irradiation dose increased. The total organic carbon content produced from the Paenibacillus polymyxa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa also showed that the film of 10 kGy-irradiated was lower than those of 0, 20, and 30 kGy-irradiated films. In conclusion, irradiation of the film casting solution at 10 kGy increased the mechanical properties of the pectin and gelatin based film. To manufacture the film by agricultural by-products, however, the irradiation dose of the film casting solution should be determined to achieve better mechanical properties.     

Fabrication of silk fibroin film with properties of thermal insulation and temperature monitoring

Silk fibroin exhibits excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability combined with benign processing conditions, attracting considerable research interest for the application as biomedical materials. Among the diverse forms of sponges, hydrogels, films, and mats manufactured from silk fibroin, films are especially appealing due to the high water and oxygen permeability, good cell attachment, and low immunogenicity. Fabrication of silk fibroin films with novel properties has been successfully developed simply by incorporating various functional components into it. In the present study, the properties of thermal insulation and temperature monitoring for the silk fibroin film are demonstrated for the first time through the incorporation of thermochromic microcapsules within it. Moreover, the silk fibroin film is also endowed with improved mechanical properties in terms of tension strength and elongation at break because of the reinforcing effect of thermochromic microcapsules. The silk fibroin film fabricated with novel features in this study can be a good candidate for the application of wound dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, and bio‐related devices in the future. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1846–1852     

Synthesis,Characterization and Application of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with a Mass Ratio of Lactic to Glycolic Segments of 52/48

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) is one of the most representative degradable copolymers and promising drug carriers. In the current paper, the PLGAs with a lactic acid/ glycolic acid(LA/GA) molar ratio of 52/48 and various molecular weights were prepared by a melting method. The molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and thermal stability were determined by ¹H NMR and thermogravimetric analysis methods. The results demonstrated that PLGAs with the fixed LA/GA molar ratio(52/48), different molecular weights, and narrow molecular weight distribution could be obtained by solely altering the reaction time. The PLGA films were prepared, and their properties including micro-structure, mechanical property, in-vitro cytotoxicity, and biodegradability were characterized. In combination with the homogeneous microstructures and mechanical properties, the drug-loading and releasing properties of PLGA_3.2 films were investigated. The results show that PLGA_3.2 film with an LA/GA molar ratio of 52/48 is a promising curcumin carrier.     

Evaluation of Stabilization Performances of Antioxidants in Poly(ether ether ketone)

Two types of antioxidants(a primary antioxidant and a secondary antioxidant) were used to improve the stability of poly(ether ether ketone)(PEEK). The effects of the antioxidants on the properties of PEEK and the stabilization mechanism were investigated by some characterization methods, such as rheometer, thermogravimetric ana- lysis(TGA), universal tester and electron spin resonance(ESR). The results indicate that the efficiency of the phosphorous antioxidant(DS) in improving the stability of PEEK was better than that of the phenolic antioxidant(DN) in both melting stability and thermal stability, and the thermal stability of PEEK sample containing 0.07%(mass fraction) DS was the best among all the samples due to the decrease of the free radicals density, as proven by ESR measurement. Additionally, no obvious changes could be observed in mechanical properties of PEEK containing antioxidants compared to those of virgin PEEK.     

Chemical and biology aging of novel green membranes made of PVA and wood flour fibers reinforced with nanosilica manufactured by compression molding process

The purpose of this work was to improve the biodegradable properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/nanowood flour membranes consisting of nanosilica which were manufactured by compression molding process. Cross-linking of PVA was used to improve the mechanical properties and prevent high solubility of the obtained transient membranes. Plasticizer used to increase the plasticity of transient membranes. The biodegradability of transient membranes was evaluated under UV accelerated weathering as well as soil burial test. The transient membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction to study the chemical structure. Mechanical strength was appointed to characterize and reveal the mechanical, thermal analysis and the structural properties of such transient membranes. Scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the morphology of transient membranes. Swelling test and weight loss due to biodegradation were also evaluated. The results showed that the developed transient membranes can be used as food packaging bags due to biodegradability (weight loss) under irradiation and during burial soil which making them environmentally friendly.     

Water resistance, mechanical properties and biodegradability of methylated-cornstarch/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend film

The main shortcomings of biodegradable starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film are hydrophilicity and poor mechanical properties. With an aim to overcome these disadvantages, cornstarch was methylated and blend films were prepared by mixing methylated-cornstarch (MCS) with PVA. The mechanical properties, water resistance and biodegradability of the MCS/PVA film were investigated. It was found that MCS/PVA film had higher water resistance than the native starch/PVA film. However, the water resistance of MCS/PVA films did not have significant difference with the increase in the degree of substitution (DS) of the methylated starch from 0.096 to 0.864. Enzymatic, microbiological and soil burial biodegradation results indicated that the biodegradability of the MCS/PVA film strongly depended on the starch proportion in the film matrix. The degradation rate of starch in the starch/PVA film was hindered by blending starch with PVA. Both tensile strength and percent elongation at break of the MCS/PVA film were improved as DS of the methylated starch increased. Conversely, increasing the methylated starch proportion in film matrix deteriorated both tensile strength and percent elongation at break of the film.     

Novel copolyesters based on poly(alkylene dicarboxylate)s: 1. Thermal behavior and biodegradation of aliphatic-aromatic random copolymers

In order to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the poly(butylene 1,12-dodecanedioate), some novel aliphatic-aromatic random copolyesters have been prepared by starting from 1,4-butanediol and different molar ratio of 1,12-dodecanedioc acid and terephthalic acid. The samples were characterized by ¹H NMR and the molecular structure was correlated with the crystalline phase present, the level of crystallinity, the glass transition temperature, the mechanical behavior, and the biodegradability. In particular, the copolymer containing the 70 mol% of PBT repeating units notably improves the thermal and mechanical properties of the poly(butylene 1,12-dodecanedioate) towards those of PBT and maintains a very high thermal stability, but loses the biodegradability of the poly(alkylene dicarboxylate). Therefore, for this class of aliphatic-aromatic copolymers the chemical composition must be carefully chosen to reach a compromise between good thermal and mechanical performances and biodegradability, according to the necessity.     

Study on the evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of natural sisal fiber/general polymer composites reinforced with nanoclay

Composite materials, made by replacing traditional materials, are used because of their capability to produce tailor-made, desirable properties such as high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, and high strength to weight ratio. The need for the development of new materials is essential and growing day by day. The natural sisal/general polymer (GP) reinforced with nanoclay composites has become more attractive due to its high specific strength, light weight, and biodegradability. In this study, sisal–nanoclay composite is developed and its mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength are evaluated. The interfacial properties, internal cracks, and internal structure of the fractured surface are evaluated using scanning electron microscope. The thermal disintegration of composites are evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that the incorporation of nanoclay in sisal fiber/GP can improve its properties and can be used as a substitute material for glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites.     

壳聚糖水杨酸盐-明胶共混膜结构表征及其抗菌性

以溶液共混法成功制备出壳聚糖水杨酸盐－明胶共浊膜，用FT－IR、XRD、SEM表征了其结构，并测试了其吸水率，力学性能及抑菌性能。结果表明，壳聚糖水杨酸盐－胶胶共混膜中存在强烈的氢键相互作用及良好相容性，共混膜的力学性能随明胶含量增大而明显提高，当明胶含量为30％时，共混膜的抗张强度最大，其干、湿态抗张强度分别达99．9MPa和34．9MPa，比纯壳聚糖膜干，湿态抗张强度分别提高了99．8％有83．75，共浊膜抑菌性随明胶含量增加而下降，但其抑菌性仍明显高于壳聚糖膜。水杨酸的引入有利于改善其力学性能及抗菌性能，该共漫漫经膜作为一种潜在的伤口包扎材料，将具有广阔应用前景。     

纤维素/明胶复合膜的超分子结构与性能

通过一种绿色的方法在NaOH/尿素水体系中制备出纤维素和明胶组成的复合膜(C/G),并且证明这两种大分子间存在强的氢键作用,导致明胶耐水性明显改善.同时,用戊二醛作为交联剂对复合膜化学交联,进一步提高其抗水性.通过红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外光谱(UV-Vis)、13C固体核磁共振谱、扫描电镜(SEM),力学和溶胀测试对...