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烯烃异构化广泛用于合成药物、高强度材料和精细化学品.近年来,光催化烯烃异构化的发展解决了传统烯烃异构化的设备腐蚀、活性和选择性较差等问题.如Pd@TiO2和Pd配合物均可用于烯烃的光催化异构化,但仅对烯丙基苄基衍生物有效.K(o)nig等利用可见光、Co(acac)2和合适的配体实现了烯烃位置可控的异构化,但该反应仅限于末端烯烃.因此,需要开发一种简单高效的光催化烯烃异构化方法,一方面可以通过光催化烯烃异构化将末端烯烃或内烯烃转化为一个或多个位置异构化产物,将石油衍生物中存在的烯烃混合物转化为有价值的单一烯烃产品,另一方面能够大幅提高光催化烯烃异构化的效率.本文研究发现,在625 nm光照射下,氧缺陷WO3-x表现出较好的催化1-癸烯异构化活性.该催化剂不仅可以将各种链状和环状末端烯烃转化为相应的内烯烃异构体,而且能够将内烯烃混合物转化为单一末端烯烃产品.通过控制烯烃碳链的长度可以得到热力学和动力学异构化产物,当烯烃的碳数小于13时,主要得到动力学产物.在无光照时没有检测到产物,说明只有在光照下反应才能进行.WO3-x的氧缺陷使WO3-x的漫反射紫外可见(DR UV-vis)光谱在大于450 nm时出现了局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)强吸收.不同波长光照下1-癸烯异构化反应转化率的变化趋势与WO3-x的DR UV-vis光谱一致,而且在625 nm红光照射下,1-癸烯的转化率最高达到99.4%,进一步说明反应是由光驱动的.625nm的光可以将WO3-x价带上的电子激发到缺陷能级,且该电子可以进一步被转移到WO3-x吸附的烯烃上(激发电子转移路径).为进一步研究氧缺陷对光催化烯烃异构化活性的影响,在300℃焙烧不同时间得到氧缺陷含量不等的WO3-x样品.X射线衍射谱、DR UV-vis光谱、X射线光电子能谱和电子顺磁共振光谱结果表明,随着焙烧时间的增加,催化剂中氧缺陷含量逐渐减少,其光催化1-癸烯异构化活性逐渐降低,证明催化剂中氧缺陷的存在可以提高其光催化性能.利用原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了氧缺陷对烯烃表面吸附和中间体形成的影响.结果 表明,WO3-x表面氧缺陷产生的不饱和W5+位点会与烯烃配位从而原位形成表面π配合物和π-烯丙基钨中间体.通过在反应体系中添加4-叔丁基邻苯二酚证明了反应是通过自由基机理进行的.综上所述,WO3-x与625 nm红光结合,实现了烯烃的光催化异构化.通过调节烯烃的碳链长度,可得到热力学和动力学产物,且该催化体系可以将石油衍生物中的内烯烃混合物转化为单一末端烯烃产品.WO3-x的氧缺陷既可以提高其光捕获能力,又可以用作光催化烯烃异构化的吸附和活化位点.本文提供了一种利用低能量光子进行烯烃高效选择性异构化的简便方法,该方法是传统烯烃异构化方法的补充. 相似文献
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胆固醇(1)是动、植物体内的一种天然甾类代谢产物。该化合物可以用Jones试剂氧化成3-酮衍生物(2)。若用碱来处理后者,将发生碳-碳双键的异构化而生成α,β——不饱和酮(3)。 相似文献
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《催化学报》2021,(10)
烯烃异构化广泛用于合成药物、高强度材料和精细化学品.近年来,光催化烯烃异构化的发展解决了传统烯烃异构化的设备腐蚀、活性和选择性较差等问题.如Pd@Ti O_2和Pd配合物均可用于烯烃的光催化异构化,但仅对烯丙基苄基衍生物有效.K?nig等利用可见光、Co(acac)_2和合适的配体实现了烯烃位置可控的异构化,但该反应仅限于末端烯烃.因此,需要开发一种简单高效的光催化烯烃异构化方法,一方面可以通过光催化烯烃异构化将末端烯烃或内烯烃转化为一个或多个位置异构化产物,将石油衍生物中存在的烯烃混合物转化为有价值的单一烯烃产品,另一方面能够大幅提高光催化烯烃异构化的效率.本文研究发现,在625 nm光照射下,氧缺陷WO_(3–x)表现出较好的催化1-癸烯异构化活性.该催化剂不仅可以将各种链状和环状末端烯烃转化为相应的内烯烃异构体,而且能够将内烯烃混合物转化为单一末端烯烃产品.通过控制烯烃碳链的长度可以得到热力学和动力学异构化产物,当烯烃的碳数小于13时,主要得到动力学产物.在无光照时没有检测到产物,说明只有在光照下反应才能进行.WO_(3–x)的氧缺陷使WO_(3–x)的漫反射紫外可见(DR UV-vis)光谱在大于450 nm时出现了局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)强吸收.不同波长光照下1-癸烯异构化反应转化率的变化趋势与WO_(3–x)的DR UV-vis光谱一致,而且在625 nm红光照射下,1-癸烯的转化率最高达到99.4%,进一步说明反应是由光驱动的.625 nm的光可以将WO_(3–x)价带上的电子激发到缺陷能级,且该电子可以进一步被转移到WO_(3–x)吸附的烯烃上(激发电子转移路径).为进一步研究氧缺陷对光催化烯烃异构化活性的影响,在300oC焙烧不同时间得到氧缺陷含量不等的WO_(3–x)样品.X射线衍射谱、DR UV-vis光谱、X射线光电子能谱和电子顺磁共振光谱结果表明,随着焙烧时间的增加,催化剂中氧缺陷含量逐渐减少,其光催化1-癸烯异构化活性逐渐降低,证明催化剂中氧缺陷的存在可以提高其光催化性能.利用原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了氧缺陷对烯烃表面吸附和中间体形成的影响.结果表明,WO_(3–x)表面氧缺陷产生的不饱和W~(5+)位点会与烯烃配位从而原位形成表面π配合物和π-烯丙基钨中间体.通过在反应体系中添加4-叔丁基邻苯二酚证明了反应是通过自由基机理进行的.综上所述,WO_(3–x)与625 nm红光结合,实现了烯烃的光催化异构化.通过调节烯烃的碳链长度,可得到热力学和动力学产物,且该催化体系可以将石油衍生物中的内烯烃混合物转化为单一末端烯烃产品.WO_(3–x)的氧缺陷既可以提高其光捕获能力,又可以用作光催化烯烃异构化的吸附和活化位点.本文提供了一种利用低能量光子进行烯烃高效选择性异构化的简便方法,该方法是传统烯烃异构化方法的补充. 相似文献
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综述了中国稀土金属有机化学的进展。包括三环戊二烯基稀土配合物,环戊二烯基稀土氯化物,含有稀土碳σ键配合物,稀土有机氢化物,烯丙基稀土配合物,环辛四烯基稀土衍生物,中性芳烃稀土配合物,二价稀土配合物及含过渡金属,稀土异核配合物的合成和结构以及稀土有机化合物催化烯烃氢化、异构化、聚合和在脱卤、脱氧、脱硫等反应中的应用。 相似文献
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缺电子烯烃的不对称环氧化反应是有机合成领域最具有挑战性的课题之一。手性联萘酚配体所修饰的催化剂是一种很优异的C2轴对称手性诱导源,可以催化各种α,β-不饱和羰基化合物如α,β-不饱和酮、α,β-不饱和羧酸脂等的不对称环氧化反应,具有良好的催化活性和对映选择性。本文对由手性联萘酚类配体所修饰的小分子催化剂、聚合物负载的催化剂和自负载催化剂在不饱和羰基化合物的催化不对称环氧化反应中的应用进行了综述,探讨了催化剂结构、配位金属原子、添加物、氧化剂、溶剂和反应温度等因素对手性联萘酚催化剂催化效能和对映选择性的影响。 相似文献
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A novel method for the synthesis of gem-dialkoxycarbonylcyclopropane derivatives is reported which involves the reaction of olefins with dibromomalonic esters and Cu in dimethyl sulphoxide. The reaction was applicable to a wide range of olefins and proceeded smoothly at moderate temperature to give the cyclopropane derivatives often in good yields. Cu was converted to Cu(II) bromide during the reaction. The reaction was weakly electrophilic and proceeded non-stereospecifically, and a stepwise mechanism involving addition and elimination appeared favourable for the reaction. In contrast, in the previously reported examples of the cyclopropanation of olefins by organic gem-dihalides and Cu in an aromatic hydrocarbon, Cu was converted to Cu(I) halides and a concerted cycloaddition of carbenoid intermediates appeared favourable. 相似文献
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O. A. Luk’yanov G. V. Pokhvisneva T. V. Ternikova N. I. Shlykova 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2012,61(2):360-365
Reaction of pseudonitroles and their derivatives with diaminofurazan in the presence of dibromoisocyanuric acid (DBI) resulted in symmetrical 3,4-bis(-nitroalkyl-ONN-azoxy)-furazans or their derivatives. For the synthesis of bis(nitroalkyl-ONN-azoxy)furazans bearing various a-nitroalkyl-ONN-azoxy groups, the method based on the reaction of ??-nitronitroso compounds with 3-amino-4-(nitroalkyl)-ONN-azoxy)furazans (in the presence of DBI) was developed. Synthetic procedures towards aforementioned compounds with nitromethyl-, dibromonitromethyl-, trinitromethyl-ONN-azoxy and other groups were described. 相似文献
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A Michael addition of allenoates to electron-deficient olefins was mediated efficiently by a catalytic amount of commercial tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) under mild conditions. And 2-alkynyl substituted glutaric acid derivatives, which may be potential building blocks in organic synthesis, were obtained in good to excellent yields from these reactions. The mechanism for the Michael addition reaction may involve the formation of an alkynylenolate intermediate. 相似文献
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Matthias Schuster Siegfried Blechert 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1997,36(19):2036-2056
Transition metal catalyzed C? C bond formations belong to the most important reactions in organic synthesis. One particularly interesting reaction is olefin metathesis, a metal-catalyzed exchange of alkylidene moieties between alkenes. Olefin metathesis can induce both cleavage and formation of C? C double bonds. Special functional groups are not necessary. Although this reaction—which can be catalyzed by numerous transition metals—is used in industry, its potential in organic synthesis was not recognized for many years. The recent abrupt end to this Sleeping-Beauty slumber has several reasons. Novel catalysts can effect the conversion of highly fictionalized and sterically demanding olefins under mild reaction conditions and in high yields. Improved understanding of substrate–catalyst interaction has greatly contributed to the recent establishment of olefin metathesis as a synthetic method. In addition to the preparation of polymers with fine-tuned characteristics, the metathesis today also provides new routes to compounds of low molecular weight. The highly developed ring-closing metathesis has been proven to be key step in the synthesis of a growing number of natural products. At the same time interesting applications can be envisioned for newly developed variants of bimolecular metathesis. Improvements in the selective cross-metathesis of acyclic olefins as well as promising attempts to include alkynes as viable substrates provide for a vivid development of the metathesis chemistry. 相似文献
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Samadi Saadi Ashouri Akram Kamangar Shadi Pourakbari Fatemeh 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2020,46(1):557-569
Research on Chemical Intermediates - In spite of the importance of the application of allylic C–H bond oxidation of olefins in organic synthesis and existence of the numerous reports, lots of... 相似文献
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Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Internal Olefinic CH Bonds: Efficient Routes to Trifluoromethylated Tetrasubstituted Olefins and N‐Heterocycles 下载免费PDF全文
Zhifeng Mao Fei Huang Dr. Haifeng Yu Prof. Dr. Jiping Chen Prof. Dr. Zhengkun Yu Prof. Dr. Zhaoqing Xu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(12):3439-3445
The functionalization of internal olefins has been a challenging task in organic synthesis. Efficient CuII‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation of internal olefins, that is, α‐oxoketene dithioacetals, has been achieved by using Cu(OH)2 as a catalyst and TMSCF3 as a trifluoromethylating reagent. The push–pull effect from the polarized olefin substrates facilitates the internal olefinic C?H trifluoromethylation. Cyclic and acyclic dithioalkyl α‐oxoketene acetals were used as the substrates and various substituents were tolerated. The internal olefinic C?H bond cleavage was not involved in the rate‐determining step, and a mechanism that involves radicals is proposed based on a TEMPO‐quenching experiment of the trifluoromethylation reaction. Further derivatization of the resultant CF3 olefins led to multifunctionalized tetrasubstituted CF3 olefins and trifluoromethylated N‐heterocycles. 相似文献
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Lihong Zhou Prof. Dr. Wenjun Lu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(3):634-642
An overview of recent progress in the Fujiwara–Moritani reaction, which is the palladium‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of arenes with olefins to afford alkenyl arenes, is described. It is emphasized that regioselectivity on aryl ortho‐ or meta‐C?H activation could be controlled very well in the presence of Pd, Rh, or Ru catalysts with the assistance of various chelation groups on aromatic rings in this coupling reaction. Catalytic alkenylation of aryl C?H bonds from simple arenes is also discussed, especially from electron‐deficient arenes. These advanced protocols would not only make the Fujiwara–Moritani reaction more useful and applicable in organic synthesis but also light the way for the further development of the functionalization of normal C?H bonds. 相似文献