Na4Sn9与一些配合物相互作用的119Sn和23Na NMR研究

以¹⁹⁹Sn和²³Na核磁共振研究了Na₄Sn₉-乙二胺体系中加入M(acacen)(M=Cu²⁺,Ni²⁺)和Ln(fod)₃(Ln=Pr³⁺,Yb³⁺,Eu³⁺)后的化学位移和偶合常数。结果表明,假接触和体积磁化率的变化是引起化学位移变化的主要原因,而Fermi接触的贡献可以忽略。     

用119Sn、121Sb及13C NMR研究无水SnCl4、SbCl5与Lewis碱的相互作用

无水SnCl₄及SbCl₅是典型的Lewis酸,是有机反应中常用的催化剂。它们的溶剂化热效应早已受到人们的关注,然而用NMR方法来研究它们的溶剂化作用至今未见报道。本工作用¹¹⁹Sn、¹²¹Sb及(13)C NMR考察了典型Lewis酸无水SnCl₄、SnCl₅与二十几种Lewis碱的相互作用,直接证实了Lewis酸碱反应为电子的授受过程。     

[AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+的电化学合成及表征

研究了[AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺ (Al₁₃)的电化学合成方法, 并采用²⁷Al NMR法和激光光散射等方法对其形态进行表征. ²⁷Al NMR法证明在电解制备的总铝浓度(Al_T)为2.0mol/L, 碱化度(B )为2.0的部分水解铝溶液中, Al₁₃占总铝量的60%以上. 激光光散射实验结果表明, 电解法制备的Al_T=2.0 mol/L, B=2.0的部分水解铝溶液存在三种粒径分布, Al₁₃以单体和多聚体的形式存在. 在B为2.5时颗粒粒径变大, 存在两种粒径分布, 并且大部分Al₁₃以多个Al₁₃聚集的形态存在.     

混合型杂多化合物Mx[GaW9M3O40]·nH2O的合成和性质

本文报道了M_x[GaW₉M₃^′O₄₀]nH₂O(M′=Mo,V,Ti,Fe(Ⅲ),Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ);M=k,Na,Gua,Me₄N,Et₄N,Bu₄N)的合成。通过元素分析,阴离子电荷的确定,极谱、IR及UV光谱、可见光谱、ESR、磁化率测定对其进行了表征。并研究了它们在水溶液中对酸碱的稳定性     

MRCI及其近似方法下C2分子X1Σ+g, B1Δg和 B′1Σ+g态的势能曲线

运用MRCI及其近似方法计算得到C₂分子X¹Σ⁺_g, B¹Δ_g和B′¹Σ⁺_g 3个电子态的势能曲线, 并以FCI方法为基准, 考察比较各种方法的优缺点. MRCI计算与FCI计算几乎不存在差别, 在FCI计算不现实的情况下, MRCI计算足以作为基准考验其他计算方法. 多种近似方法均能达到化学精度, 并提出一个有效的选择参考组态的方法, 提高MRCI计算效率的同时, 保证计算的精确性.     

H2O-DMF混合溶剂中[Co(N3)(NH3)5]2+与[Fe(H2O)6]2+间电子转移反应

研究了H₂O-DMF馄合溶剂中[Co(N₃)(NH₃)₅]²⁺被Fe(Ⅱ)还原的反应速度变化规律后,证实:当DMF的摩尔分数X_DMF<0.3时,表观速度常数K_aDD随着X_DMF增大而增大;X_DMF>0.3时,K_app随着X_DMF增大而减小;K_app与[H⁺]有良好线性关系。     

掺钕三硼酸铋晶体(Nd:BiB3O6)的光谱性质

采用顶部籽晶法, 生长了掺钕的新型非线性光学晶体Nd:BiB₃O₆ , 测量了该晶体的折射率, 并拟合了晶体的折射率色散参数. 同时还测量了晶体的室温吸收谱, 并与0.2 mol/L的 NdCl₃溶液的室温吸收谱进行了分析比较. 根据Judd-Ofelt理论, 拟合出晶体场唯象强度参数: Ω ₂ = 0.1776 ´ 10^-20 , Ω ₄ = 0.1282 ´ 10^-20, Ω ₆ = 0.1357 ´ 10^-20cm². 计算了各能级的辐射跃迁几率A_J,J', 荧光辐射寿命τ , 荧光分支比β_J', 振子强度f_J,J'等. 根据这些光学参量, 讨论了该晶体的部分性能和应用前景.     

由大环配体[As4W40O140]28-与NiII形成的新型超大杂多化合物

在pH = 4.0的水溶液中, NiCl₂·6H₂O, NH₄Cl与Na₂₇[NaAs₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]·60H₂O反应, 得到了新的杂多砷钨酸盐(NH₄)₂₀[Na₂(H₂O)₂Ni(H₂O)₅{Ni(H₂O)}₂As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]·61H₂O单晶, 用X射线单晶衍射法及元素分析确定了其结构, 晶体属三斜晶系, P¹空间群; 其晶胞参数为: a = 1.33135(18), b = 1.9722(3), c = 3.6430(5) nm, α = 78.010(2)°, β = 82.145(2)°, γ = 74.385(2)°, V = 8.978(2) nm3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0512, wR2 = 0.0684 (I > 2σ). 在聚阴离子[Na₂(H₂O)₂Ni(H₂O)₅{Ni(H₂O)}₂As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]^20-中, 2个Ni²⁺和2个Na⁺分占大环配体[As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]^28-内的4个S2空位, 每个S2位提供4个O_d向金属离子配位, 2个Ni²⁺的配位数为6, 两个Na⁺的配位数分别为5和6, 另一个Ni²⁺处于环外, 与[As₄W₄₀O₁₄₀]^28-的一个端基氧(O_d)桥连成键, 其配位数为6.     

非对称陀螺自由基分子光谱的标识分析——NO2基振动态纯转动光谱分析

系统阐述了非对称陀螺分子光谱的标识分析工作涉及的一些关键理论问题,包括有效Hamilton量、表象和基矢、能级识别、跃迁选择规则、相对强度和Zeeman调制率等,并在有效Hamilton量中引入高阶离心畸变项,大大提高了计算精度,并使高转动量子数跃迁的标识分析成为可能.作为应用实例,对¹⁴N¹⁶O₂基振动态的零场和磁共振谱进行了统一分析(global analysis),获得了迄今为止最精确、最完整的¹⁴N¹⁶O₂基振动态分子结构参数,并对Curl和Brown等人过去未能标识的¹⁴N¹⁶O₂高转动量子数跃迁远红外激光磁共振谱线进行了成功标识.     

新的cis-Pt(diphos)(Ⅹ)2配合物的合成和谱学表征

本文合成了三个新的双膦螯合配体和一系列新的cis-Pt(diphos)X₂(diphos=R₂PCH₂CH₂PR₂,R=Et,n-Pr,n-Bu,i-Bu;X=Cl^-,Br^-,I^-,CN^-,SCN^-,NO₂^-)配合物,经过IR、³¹PNMR和元素分析表征了它们的结构,并观察到³¹P化学位移δ_p、铂-磷偶合常数J_p1-p与配体X的反位效应和双膦配体的σ-供电性质有关。此外,根据谱学研究,发现SCN^-和NO₂^-配体存在键合异构现象,并对谱带进行了归属。     

5-Br-PADAP-NO2--SCN-三元离子缔合物分光光度法测定微量NO2-的研究

研究了在硫酸介质中５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ与ＮＯ＾－２和ＳＣＮ＾－形成三元离子缔合物的最佳条件,其表观摩尔吸光系数ε５５０＝２．４＊１０＾４Ｌ／（ｍｏｌ．ｃｍ）,缔合物组成比为ｎ（５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ）：ｎ（ＮＯ＾２）：ｎ（ＳＣＮ＾＿＝１：１：１。     

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary selenides Sn2Pb5Bi4Se13 and Sn8.65Pb0.35Bi4Se15

Quaternary selenides Sn₂Pb₅Bi₄Se₁₃ and Sn_8.65Pb_0.35Bi₄Se₁₅ were synthesized from the elements in sealed silica tubes; their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. Both compounds crystallize in monoclinic space group C2/m (No.12), with lattice parameters of Sn₂Pb₅Bi₄Se₁₃: a = 14.001(6) Å, b = 4.234(2) Å, c = 23.471(8) Å, V = 1376.2(1) Å³, R₁/wR₂ = 0.0584/0.1477, and GOF = 1.023; Sn_8.65Pb_0.35Bi₄Se₁₅: a = 13.872(3) Å, b = 4.2021(8) (4) Å, c = 26.855(5) Å, V = 1557.1(5) Å³, R₁/wR₂ = 0.0506/0.1227, and GOF = 1.425. These compounds exhibit tropochemical cell-twinning of NaCl-type structures with lillianite homologous series L(4, 5) and L(4, 7) for Sn₂Pb₅Bi₄Se₁₃ and Sn_8.65Pb_0.35Bi₄Se₁₅, respectively. Measurements of electrical conductivity indicate that these materials are semiconductors with narrow band gaps; Sn₂Pb₅Bi₄Se₁₃ is n-type, whereas Sn_8.65Pb_0.35Bi₄Se₁₅ is a p-type semiconductor with Seebeck coefficients −80(5) and 178(7) μV/K at 300 K, respectively.     

Distannabarrelenes with Three Coordinated SnII Atoms

Crystalline 1,4-distannabarrelene compounds [(ADC^Ar)₃Sn₂]SnCl₃ ( 3 - Ar ) (ADC^Ar={ArC(NDipp)₂CC}; Dipp=2,6-iPr₂C₆H₃, Ar=Ph or DMP; DMP=4-Me₂NC₆H₄) derived from anionic dicarbenes Li(ADC^Ar) ( 2 - Ar ) (Ar=Ph or DMP) have been reported. The cationic moiety of 3 - Ar features a barrelene framework with three coordinated Sn^II atoms at the 1,4-positions, whereas the anionic unit SnCl₃ is formally derived from SnCl₂ and chloride ion. The all carbon substituted bis-stannylenes 3 - Ar have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. DFT calculations reveal that the HOMO of 3 - Ph (ϵ=−6.40 eV) is mainly the lone-pair orbital at the Sn^II atoms of the barrelene unit. 3 - Ar readily react with sulfur and selenium to afford the mixed-valence Sn^II/Sn^IV compounds [(ADC^Ar)₃SnSn(E)](SnCl₆)_0.5 (E=S 4 - Ar , Ar=Ph or DMP; E=Se 5 - Ph ).     

(阳离子表面活性剂-I3)n缔合微粒体系的光谱特性及分析应用

在0.01 mol/L HCl介质中,I-3在350 nm处有一吸收峰;当十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)与I-3共存时体系呈红紫色,在550 nm处产生一新的吸收峰.CTMAB浓度CCTMAB在0.0～7.0×10-5 mol/L范围内符合比耳定律,回归方程为A550 nm =0.989×104 CCTMAB+0.0138,相关系数R为0.999 5,摩尔吸光系数ε为1.06×104 L/(mol·cm),据此建立了一种测定阳离子表面活性剂含量的分光光度新方法,并用于合成样品和新洁尔净样品中阳离子表面活性剂测定.共振散射光谱研究表明,CTMAB+与I-3可通过静电引力作用形成疏水性的CTMA-I3缔合物分子,并进一步聚集形成稳定的 (CTMA-I3)n缔合微粒.由于该缔合微粒在580 nm处产生共振散射效应,故体系呈红紫色.     

DCC/AlCl_3体系引发异丁烯正离子聚合

研究以对-二枯基氯(DCC)/AlCl3体系引发异丁烯在CH2Cl2/Hex(40/60,V/V)混合溶剂中进行正离子聚合,探讨了DCC用量、给电子试剂,如三苯胺(TPA)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(DMPy)对异丁烯正离子聚合转化率、产物分子量及其分布的影响.结果表明,在无给电子试剂存在时,DCC和体系中微量水均可与AlCl3产生络合竞争引起相继的引发竞争,聚合产物GPC谱图呈双峰分布,分子量分布宽,需要大量的引发剂DCC(DCC/H2O=5.3)来减少体系中微量水的不可控引发;在少量上述给电子试剂存在下,可提高DCC的引发效率,减少向单体链转移反应,提高聚合产物的分子量和使分子量分布呈较窄的单峰分布,即使在较低DCC用量下也可基本抑制体系中微量水的不可控引发,达到DCC定量引发,并得到分子量分布相对较窄(Mw/Mn≈2.3)的聚异丁烯产物.     

Structural,Relative Stable,and Electronic Properties of Pb<Subscript>n</Subscript>Sn<Subscript>n</Subscript> (n = 2–12) Clusters were Investigated Using Density Functional Theory

The structural, relative stable and electronic properties of Pb_nSn_n (n = 2–12) alloy clusters were systematically studied using density functional theory. The isomers of Pb_nSn_n alloy clusters were generated and determined by ab initio molecular dynamics. By comparing the calculated parameters of Pb₂ dimer and Sn₂ dimers with the parameters from experiments, our calculations are reasonable. With the lowest-energy structures for Pb_nSn_n clusters, the average binding energies, fragmentation energies, second- order energy differences, vertical ionization potentials, vertical electron affinities, HOMO–LUMO gaps, and density of states were calculated and analyzed. The results indicate that the Sn atoms have a tendency to bond together, the average binding energies tend to be stable up to n = 8, Pb₈Sn₈ cluster is a good candidate to calculate the molecular interaction energy parameter in Wilson equation, the clusters become less chemical stable and show an insulator-to-metallic transition, 3, 6, 8 and 11 are magic numbers of Pb_nSn_n (n = 2–12) clusters, the charges always transfer from Sn atoms to Pb atoms in Pb_nSn_n clusters except for Pb₁₀Sn₁₀ cluster, and density of states of Pb_nSn_n clusters becoming continuous and shifting toward negative with the increasing size n.     

Electronegativity equalization and the electronic structure of polyhedral clusters of main-group atoms

The concept of the equalization of atomic electronegativities accompanving molecule formation is applied to a study of the electronic structure of polyhedral clusters of main-group atoms such as Ge, Sn, Pb, Tl, and Bi. Emphasis is placed upon charged clusters such as Sn_9?x Pb(x = 0 → 9), Sn_9-xGe, Sn_8?xPb_x Tl^5?, Sn₂Bi, SnTe, etc. The role of the relativistic spin-orbit splitting of an np shell into np_1/2 and np_3/2 subshells in modifying atomic and hence molecular electronegativities is discussed. Correlations are made between calculated charge distributions and observed¹⁹⁹ Sn NMR chemical shifts for clusters of a given size and charge. It is concluded that a useful picture of charge distributions in these clusters may be obtained from electronegativity equalization considerations.     

希土硼氢化物的研究 Ⅹ.含[B10H9NH2COCH=CH2]-的双苯甲酰丙酮缩1,3-丙二胺希土(Ⅲ)配合物的研究

将闭式+氢+硼酸阴离子酰胺衍生物[B₁₀H₉NH₂COCH=CH₂]^-、双苯甲酰丙酮缩1,3-丙二胺C₆H₅C(OH)=CHC(CH₃)=N(CH₃)CH=C(OH)C₆H₅(Bapn)及希土氯化物在丙酮-乙醇混合溶剂中进行反应,得到分子式为Ln(Bapn)₃[B₁₀H₉NH₂COCH=CH₂]₃(Ln=La,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy)的混式配体希土配合物。通过元素分析、IR、¹H NMR及摩尔电导率的测定对配合物进行了表征,还通过DTA-TG方法研究了它们的热性质。     

Extracting [Pd@Sn9]4– and [Rh@Pb9]4– Clusters from their Binary Alloys Using “Metal Scissors”

The search for novel ternary intermetallic compounds with specific structures is still a challenge. We found that the two-step synthesis giving a typical alloy in the first step followed by the reaction of this alloy with alkali metals is a promising route. The intermetallic compounds K₁₂Pd_0.47Sn₁₇ and K₄RhPb₉ were synthesized by high-temperature reactions of preformed Pd-Sn and Rh-Pb alloys with K acting as “metal scissors” and were characterized by means of single crystal and powder X-ray diffractometry. The salt-like ternary phases K₁₂Pd_0.47Sn₁₇ and K₄RhPb₉ contain novel endohedrally filled intermetalloid clusters [Pd@Sn₉]^4– and [Rh@Pb₉]^4–, respectively. The crystal packing of the products corresponds to filled variants of the binary Zintl phases K₁₂Sn₁₇ and K₄Pb₉, respectively. The crystal structure of K₁₂Pd_0.47Sn₁₇ can be regarded as a hierarchical replacement variant of the hexagonal Laves phase MgZn₂, with [Pd@Sn₉]^4–/[Sn₉]^4– and [Sn₄]^4– on Mg and Zn positions, respectively, whereas the packing of [Rh@Pb₉]^4– clusters in K₄RhPb₉ is hcp. K₁₂Pd_0.47Sn₁₇ was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. For the first time Raman modes typical for endohedrally filled [Pd@Sn₉]^4– clusters are observed and in accordance with quantum-chemical calculations. In addition Raman spectroscopy shows also the presence of filled Pd@Sn₉ clusters in a phase of nominal composition “Na₁₂Pd₂Sn₁₇”. The results are discussed with respect to the volume increase due the incorporation of transition metal atoms.