X-射线荧光光谱法快速测定半钢发热剂中Si,P,S

目前,国内没有关于半钢发热剂的国家标准检测方法,只能根据组分范围分别检测各个组分,不仅耗时而且使用的大量化学试剂对环境造成污染。故研究了X-射线荧光光谱法快速测定半钢发热剂中Si,P,S的方法。采用粉末压片制样,研究其制样条件,包括磨样时间、压样时间和压力对测定结果的影响。采用其它方法定值提供的检测样品,作为X-射线荧光光谱法内控标准样品,采用经验系数法进行基体校正,通过解谱拟合建立校准曲线,校准曲线建立后仪器建立漂移校正程序。实验结果精密度好,各元素的相对标准偏差在0.15%~1.3%。准确度满足生产需求,实验方法可用于快速检测半钢发热剂化学组分。     

X-射线荧光光谱法快速测定半钢发热剂中Si,P,S

目前,国内没有关于半钢发热剂的国家标准检测方法,只能根据组分范围分别检测各个组分,不仅耗时而且使用的大量化学试剂对环境造成污染。故研究了X-射线荧光光谱法快速测定半钢发热剂中Si,P,S的方法。采用粉末压片制样,研究其制样条件,包括磨样时间、压样时间和压力对测定结果的影响。采用其它方法定值提供的检测样品,作为X-射线荧光光谱法内控标准样品,采用经验系数法进行基体校正,通过解谱拟合建立校准曲线,校准曲线建立后仪器建立漂移校正程序。实验结果精密度好,各元素的相对标准偏差在0.15%¹.3%。准确度满足生产需求,实验方法可用于快速检测半钢发热剂化学组分。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定锰矿石中的主次组分

采用粉末压片法制样,使用ZSX Primus Ⅱ X射线荧光光谱仪实现了对锰矿样品中锰元素及杂质组分钠、镁、铝、硅、磷、钾、钙、铁的快速测试。虽然方法在分析准确度上不及化学法或熔融制样—X射线荧光光谱法,但方法的精密度好,测试范围广,分析结果与标准值和比对值基本吻合。方法简便、快速,可满足实验室对锰矿石批量检测的要求。     

X射线荧光光谱法同时测定矿石中铀和钍

建立了X射线荧光光谱法测定矿石样品中铀、钍含量的快速分析方法。采用高压粉末制样法,对不同含量的放射性样品的压片压力、粒径、含水率、用量等处理条件到进行单因素实验。在400 MPa压力下压制,克服了低压制样的弊端,制备的样片表面光滑、致密,大幅改善了制样重现性,有效地减少了部分基体效应,铀校准曲线的标准偏差从0.053%降到0.0071%,钍校准曲线的标准偏差从0.062%降到0.0057%。经国家一级标准物质验证,表明方法准确、可靠,能满足样品中铀、钍含量日常分析要求。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定除尘灰中砷、铅含量

以熔融制样法，采用X射线荧光光谱对除尘灰中的有害元素：砷、铅含量进行了测定。对样品的烧失温度进行了讨论，发现在950℃灼烧温度下灼烧2h时除碳完全。砷和铅的相对标准偏差为0.15 %和0.20 %。测试结果与化学分析法、原子吸收光谱法等相吻合。该方法制作工艺简单，分析速度快，样品可长期保存，还能满足其他元素的日常分析。     

高压覆膜制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定多金属矿中的多种元素

采用新的制样技术——高压(1800 kN)覆膜(3.6μm Polyester Film)制样,波长色散X射线荧光光谱测定多金属矿中19种组分。该制样技术对高硅锌矿石GBW07237(SiO282.95%),不加黏结剂,也能制出理想的样片。测定结果显示1800 kN制备样品多数组分的灵敏度、精密度和检出限较400 kN制备的样品有所改善。15个多金属矿标准物质建立校准曲线,使用Rh Kα的瑞利散射线作内标测定Cu、Pb、Zn、As和Rh Kα的康普顿散射线作内标测定Sb、Ag、Sn、Bi、Mo及经验系数法校正基体效应。Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、As、Sb、Ag、Sn、Bi、Mo的测定结果与化学法相符,可同时分析其中的Cd、S、Fe、SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O等成分。实现了固体直接进样测定多金属矿中的多种元素。高压覆膜制样技术是制样技术的突破,国内外尚未见报道。     

固体进样-石墨炉原子吸收法测定农产品中重金属元素含量

采用直接固体进样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(SS-GFAAS)测定农产品中镉、铅、铜和铬重金属元素含量.通过标准物质、质控样品和电感耦合等离子体质谱法比对试验验证,各元素方法检出限均低于25 pg.方法操作简单、对环境友好、重复性好、结果准确、检出限低,满足农产品检测要求.     

粉末压片-能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定基夫赛特直接炼铅炉渣中的主要组分

采用粉末样品直接压片法,使用自制校准样品在布鲁克S2RANGER EDX光谱仪上通过各种基体干扰校正手段,建立了基夫赛特直接炼铅炉渣中Pb,Zn,Cu,Fe,SiO2,CaO的测定工作曲线,并考察了样品粒度、制样条件对结果的影响以及考核了压片精度和方法准确度。方法简便快捷、精密度高、准确度满足主产工艺指标要求。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定钨精矿中主次组分

本文采用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定钨精矿中的主次组分(WO_3、Fe_2O_3、MnO_2、CaO、SiO_2)。采用熔融制样,消除样品的颗粒效应与矿物效应;以D.Jongh数学模式对谱线干扰和基体效应进行校正,得到满意的工作曲线。结果表明方法重复性和再现性良好,相对标准偏差为0.154%~1.900%,样品的测定值与认定值基本一致,回收率为92.50%~106.00%。该方法能满足日常分析工作的要求。     

固体进样元素分析技术在农业领域的应用

重金属是农产品、农田土壤、肥料、饲料等农业样品中的重要污染物,传统的实验室分析方法需繁琐的前处理,耗时费力,无法满足重金属的快速检测需求。固体进样元素分析技术具有简化样品前处理、便捷、绿色、高效等优势,在农业领域中元素的快速检测分析中具有良好的应用前景。通过对固体进样元素分析技术,包括样品导入技术和电热蒸发、电感加热、激光烧蚀、X射线荧光光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱等固体进样分析系统进行综述,并对这些技术在农业领域中的应用做了进一步的梳理。固体进样分析技术已在农业样品中元素的快速检测、现场监测、风险评估等工作中发挥着举足轻重的作用,相信随着仪器研发、材料科学、机器学习等新兴技术的快速发展,其结构小巧、使用简单、分析迅速等优势将会充分发挥,为农业领域中质量安全监管提供一种更为有效、可靠的快速检测手段。     

Thermal stability of magnesium-rich primers based on glycidyl carbamate resins

Coatings of outstanding thermal stability were obtained by the combination of two novel technologies, that of a magnesium-rich primer and a silane-modified glycidyl carbamate binder. While conducting a study to evaluate the new binder system with respect to properties of the magnesium-rich primer, during thermogravimetric analysis of samples, previously unobserved and unexpected properties were noted. The samples transformed into an intact solid residue, with the amount of the residual char ranging between 40 and 90% weight depending on the pigment volume concentration (PVC) of the magnesium particles in the composition. It appears that the hitherto unobserved property is essentially a function of the metallic pigment particles in the coating. The discovery of the exceptional thermal stability potentially increases the range of application for these primers and these can be further developed for use as a thermal barrier coating.     

粉末压片-X-射线荧光光谱法分析砂岩型铀矿制样中粘结剂用量的探讨

由于砂岩型铀矿的成矿特性,样品粉末的内聚力小,采用直接压片法有时难以成型,样片表面常见裂纹,上机测量易碎裂。混合压片法适应性强,制样成功率高,但常见的问题是样品经粘结剂稀释会影响元素的检出限及结果的准确性。本文对粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定砂岩型铀矿地质样品时,前期制样中添加粘结剂的比例进行了研究。试验按照不同比例在铀矿石标准物质GBW04101、GBW04102中添加粘结剂,在扫描电镜下观察到随着粘结剂用量的增加样片表面的光滑度及致密度都呈上升趋势,在X-射线荧光光谱仪上对主量元素进行测定后发现X射线强度在粘结剂添加量大于0.2 g时明显下降,经与GBW04101、GBW04102标准值进行对比后优选出粘结剂与样品的最佳比例为1：20,在此比例下制成的样片光滑平整,不易碎裂,用粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法进行测定,标准物质测定结果的相对误差为0.56%～6.76 %,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为0.013 %～7.68 %,均达到了《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》DZ/T 0130-2006的要求。本文为粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法分析砂岩型铀矿地质样品提供了可靠的实验参考依据。     

Stir bar sorptive extraction for trace analysis

Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was introduced in 1999 as a solventless sample preparation method for the extraction and enrichment of organic compounds from aqueous matrices. The method is based on sorptive extraction, whereby the solutes are extracted into a polymer coating on a magnetic stirring rod. The extraction is controlled by the partitioning coefficient of the solutes between the polymer coating and the sample matrix and by the phase ratio between the polymer coating and the sample volume. For a polydimethylsiloxane coating and aqueous samples, this partitioning coefficient resembles the octanol-water partitioning coefficient. In comparison to solid phase micro-extraction, a larger amount of sorptive extraction phase is used and consequently extremely high sensitivities can be obtained as illustrated by several successful applications in trace analysis in environmental, food and biomedical fields. Initially SBSE was mostly used for the extraction of compounds from aqueous matrices. The technique has also been applied in headspace mode for liquid and solid samples and in passive air sampling mode. In this review article, the principles of stir bar sorptive extraction are described and an overview of SBSE applications is given.     

固体直接进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中镉元素

固体直接进样是近年来石墨炉原子吸收分析领域发展较快的技术,它取代了繁冗的对固体样品的前处理,避免了样品的污染和损失,也保护了操作人员的身体健康。采用固体直接进样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪,结合使用持久化学改进剂对环境土壤样品中Cd元素进行测定,其结果表明,方法检出限为0.002 66ng,定量测定下限为0.008 87ng,相对标准偏差RSD≤10%,方法准确、可靠,均满足环境土壤测试方法的要求。     

血清总磷脂脂肪酸组分的固相萃取-气相色谱法分析

以硅胶基质为固定相,建立了固相萃取-气相色谱(SPE-GC)分离检测血清总磷脂中脂肪酸含量的方法。优化了SPE的洗脱方式及甲醇洗脱量,探讨了衍生化步骤的优化条件。该法对磷脂中各脂肪酸组分测定的线性相关系数约为0.999,回收率在80%左右;日内误差小于4.8%,日间误差小于8.9%。用固相萃取柱分离磷脂简单、快速、有效,用气相色谱检测磷脂中脂肪酸组分方法稳定、可靠。     

Application of tryptamine as a derivatizing agent for the determination of airborne isocyanates. Part 5. Investigation of tryptamine-coated XAD-2 personal sampler for airborne isocyanates in workplaces.

The development of an efficient solid sorbent personal sampler with increased convenience for sample collection in workplaces is described. Several solid sorbents were coated with tryptamine, and sampling tubes were prepared with the coated sorbents. These tubes were evaluated for the collection of phenyl isocyanate vapour generated in a commercial test atmosphere generation system that permits the simultaneous collection of up to 12 uniformly loaded samples. Tryptamine-coated XAD-2 resin was shown to be the most efficient solid sorbent for the collection of airborne phenyl isocyanate. The optimum amount of tryptamine needed for coating XAD-2 resin was investigated.     

含硼片状锌热固涂层耐蚀性与结构的研究

片状锌热固涂层作为一项清洁生产的高新技术 ,一次完成多层涂覆和钝化 ,具有高抗蚀、无废水排放、无氢脆、高耐热和涂层薄 (一般小于1 0 μｍ)等显著优点 ,在应用前景上具有取代电镀锌的趋势[1] 。在盐水溶液中 ,这种涂层的耐蚀性最高可达电镀锌的 1 0倍 ,但在淡水中却不具有这样的优势。我们用硼酸部分取代铬酸配制涂层处理液 ,明显改善了涂层在淡水中的耐蚀性。为解释硼酸的作用机理 ,采用Ｘ 射线衍射 (ＸＲＤ)、Ｘ 射线光电子能谱 (ＸＰＳ)和核磁共振 (ＮＭＲ)等测试手段对膜层的结构进行了研究。1　实验部分1 1　仪器与药品ＨＤＶ 7Ｂ…     

Polyelectrolyte coatings prevent interferences from charged nanoparticles in SPME speciation analysis

In this work we present a new approach for protection of the fiber in solid phase microextraction (SPME) from interfering charged particles present in the sample medium. It involves coating of commercial poly(dimethylsiloxane) extraction phase with polyelectrolyte layer composed of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The modified fiber provides reproducible, convenient and fast extraction capabilities toward the model analyte, triclosan (TCS). A negatively charged polyelectrolyte coating prevents sorbing oxidic nanoparticles from both partitioning into the PDMS phase and aggregation at its surface. The results for the TCS/nanoparticle sample show that the polyelectrolyte layer-modified solid phase extracts just the free form of the organic compound and enables dynamic speciation analysis of the nanoparticulate target analyte complex.     

Investigation of fragrance stability used in the formulation of cosmetic and hygienic products using headspace solid‐phase microextraction by nanostructured materials followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

A new composite coating of polypyrrole and sodium lauryl ether sulfate was electrochemically prepared on a stainless‐steel wire using cyclic voltammetry. The application and performance of the fiber was evaluated for the headspace solid‐phase microextraction of a fragrance in aqueous bleach samples followed by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry to assess the fragrance stability in this kind of household cleaning product. To obtain a stable and efficient composite coating, parameters related to the coating process such as scan rate and numbers of cycles were optimized using a central composite design. In addition, the effects of various parameters on the extraction efficiency of the headspace solid‐phase microextraction process such as extraction temperature and time, ionic strength, sample volume, and stirring rate were investigated by experimental design methods using Plackett–Burman and Doehlert designs. The optimum values of 53°C and 28 min for sample temperature and time, respectively, were found through response surface methodology. Results show that the combination of polypyrrole and sodium lauryl ether sulfate in a composite form presents desirable opportunities to produce new materials to study fragrance stability by headspace solid‐phase microextraction.     

Different methods of preparing electrode from single-wall carbon nanotubes and their effect on the Li ion insertion process

Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) is processed in three different ways: (1) coating a film out of a slurry of SWNT with poly (vinilydene difluoride) (PVDF) binder on to a Cu substrate, (2) evaporating SWNT dispersion in methanol on to a Cu substrate, and (3) transferring a film on to a Cu substrate from the water–ethanol interface, to prepare the working electrode for studying the Li ion insertion process. The use of binder enhances irreversible capacity restricting the Coulomb efficiency to only 18% in the initial cycle. The electrode prepared by deposition of SWNT powder from a dispersion of methanol on the Cu substrate gives the best reversible capacity of 445 mA h g⁻¹ and Coulomb efficiency of 25% in the initial cycle. Use of the PVDF binder favors the formation of thicker solid electrolyte interface, which counts the large irreversible capacity.