水解珍珠体外抗氧化活性的研究

本文以L-抗坏血酸(VC)为对照组,测定水解珍珠对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力,研究水解珍珠的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:水解珍珠对DPPH和ABTS自由基具有较强的清除能力,IC_(50)分别为0.07%和0.14%;而对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力相对较弱,IC_(50)分别为12.60%和7.65%;其IC_(50)均低于VC,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。另外,水解珍珠对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和ABTS自由基的清除率都随着体积分数的增大而显著增加(p0.05)。水解珍珠具备较高的抗氧化能力,可为珍珠资源的开发利用提供理论依据。     

响应面法优化微波提取夏枯草多糖及其抗氧化活性

以夏枯草多糖为研究对象,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法对夏枯草多糖的微波提取工艺进行优化,测定其抗氧化活性。结果表明,夏枯草多糖的最佳提取条件为:液料比29∶1(mL·g~(-1)),乙醇体积分数68%,微波功率295W,微波时间8min,在该条件下夏枯草多糖得率为5.28%,与理论值(5.19%)的相对误差为1.73%。在此条件下得到的多糖提取物具有较好体外抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子具有不同的清除能力,半数抑制浓度IC_(50)分别为0.58、0.49和1.19mg·mL~(-1 )。     

两种新型水溶性异黄酮衍生物的合成与抗氧化活性

合成了未见文献报道的水溶性的3'-磺酸钠-4',7-二羧甲氧基异黄酮(L1)和3'-磺酸钠-4'-羟基-7-羧甲氧基异黄酮(L2), 采用IR, UV, ¹H NMR和元素分析对其结构进行了表征, 利用荧光光谱法研究了它们和母体大豆甙元(D)对羟基自由基的清除活性, 用紫外光谱法研究了其对超氧阴离子自由基和1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, 简称DPPH)的清除活性; 并采用量子化学AM1方法在全几何构型优化的基础上进行了电荷布居分析, 计算了它们抽氢反应的生成热(∆H_f), 从而从理论上探讨了目标化合物清除羟基自由基的活性. 实验结果表明本文合成的两种水溶性化合物清除超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基的活性要优于母体大豆甙元, 对于目标化合物清除羟基自由基的活性, 实验和理论结果都显示其清除活性要优于大豆甙元．     

纳米化对维生素E抗氧化作用的影响

为探讨纳米化对vitamin E抗氧化作用的影响,检测了纳米化vitamin E对抑制超氧阴离子自由基产生的能力、总抗氧化能力以及对4℃贮存红细胞SOD活性的影响。结果表明,与乳化vitamin E相比,纳米化vitamin E能显著提高vitamin E总抗氧化能力和保护4℃贮存红细胞SOD活性的能力(P<0.001);在抑制超氧阴离子自由基的产生方面,乳化vitamin E在低质量浓度(<640μg/L)时,能抑制超氧阴离子自由基的产生,而在高质量浓度(>1 280μg/L)时,则助超氧阴离子自由基的产生;而纳米vitamin E表现为其抗超氧阴离子自由基的能力随其剂量的增加而增强,提示纳米vitamin E在生物学效应方面已发生了某种变化,对纳米化vitamin E的生物学效应还需进一步研究。     

红花黄色素抗氧化活性研究

通过考察红花黄色素(SY)及其主要化学成分对羟基自由基介导2-脱氧核糖氧化降解的抑制作用,以及对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力,探究SY的体外抗氧化活性及其抗氧化的主要有效成分.通过Fenton反应产生羟基自由基,用紫外分光光度计检测了SY及其主要化学成分对2-脱氧核糖降解的抑制作用和对DPPH·的清除能力,同时对红花黄色素B(SYB)抑制2-脱氧核糖降解的作用机制做了初步研究.结果表明SY抑制Fenton反应对2-脱氧核糖的氧化降解的IC50为256.79 μg/mL,对DPPH·清除的IC50值为27.15μg/mL.羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA)和SYB是SY中抗氧化的两个有效成分,抑制2-脱氧核糖的氧化降解的IC50分别为220.68 μg/mL和207.01μg/mL;对DPPH·清除的IC50值分别为55.81 μg/mL和41.25μg/mL.SYB对2-脱氧核糖氧化降解的抑制作用机理研究表明,SYB除了对Fenton反应产生的羟基自由基具有直接清除作用外,又可通过与Fe2+离子的络合作用而阻断Fenton反应产生羟基自由基.由此可知SY具有明显的体外抗氧化活性,SYB和HSYA为其主要抗氧化活性成分.     

牛大力总黄酮提取工艺及不同萃取物的抗氧化活性研究

为了考察牛大力乙醇提取物中总黄酮的含量及抗氧化活性。通过L16(45)正交实验,超声波辅助提取牛大力中总黄酮,得到最佳工艺,再测试乙醇提取物和四个萃取物对羟基自由基(.OH)和DPPH自由基(DP-PH.)的清除效果。最佳工艺为:φ(EtOH)=75%、m(牛大力,g)∶V(EtOH,mL)=1∶25、温度60℃、时间60min,该条件下,牛大力总黄酮得率可达2.14mg.g-1。其中,牛大力乙醇提取物中氯仿萃取物中黄酮含量最高,为5.52mg.g-1;而且氯仿萃取物对DPPH.的清除效果最好,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)为40.97μg.mL-1;乙酸乙酯萃取物对羟基自由基的清除效果最好,其IC50值为90.5μg.mL-1。牛大力乙醇提取物中石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯萃取物都有很好的抗氧化活性,且稳定性、重复性好。     

芜菁籽不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

通过体外试验初步研究芜菁籽提取物的抗氧化活性。用95%乙醇为溶剂提取芜菁籽,采用有机溶剂萃取法将提取物分为石油醚相,乙酸乙酯相,正丁醇相和水相等4个不同极性部位、同时测定了各相提取物对羟自由基,超氧阴离子自由基,DPPH自由基的清除能力,并与合成抗氧化剂BHT进行对照。结果表明,芜菁籽提取物的不同极性部位均有抗氧化活性,其抗氧化效果随着浓度的增加而增强,乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的还原能力及清除O-2.,DPPH和.OH的能力均强于水相和石油醚相,乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的抗氧化作用强,是天然抗氧化剂的良好来源,应对其进一步分离纯化。     

Enterobacter Cloacae Z0206细菌胞外富硒多糖的抗氧化活性

利用产多糖菌Enterobacter cloacae Z0206(E.cloacaeZ0206)的深层发酵法制备了E.cloacae Z0206细菌富硒多糖;测定了其还原能力和清除1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)自由基、超氧阴离子及羟自由基的能力.结果表明,通过深层富硒发酵、醇沉离心等制备富硒多糖SEPS的产量为9.28g/L,富硒量为2.314mg/g;E.cloacae Z0206富硒多糖对DPPH自由基和羟自由基具有较好的清除作用,在浓度为5g/L时对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率分别为80.35%和84.26%,并具有较强的还原能力,但其对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力较差.     

槲皮万寿菊素金属配合物的合成、抗氧化活性及与DNA结合的研究

合成了槲皮万寿菊素铜(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)铁(Ⅲ)三种配合物,采用红外、紫外光谱及元素分析等方法分析了其配位情况,研究了配合物清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基的活性,并运用紫外光谱滴定实验,研究了配体及配合物与ct-DNA的相互作用.结果表明,配合物较配体具有更强的清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自...     

利用Fenton体系对西藏灵菇酸奶的抗氧化活性的评价

本文采用Fenton体系对市售酸牛奶、自制西藏灵菇酸牛奶进行了抗氧化活性研究.绘制了酸牛奶清除羟自由基清除率曲线,结果表明它们清除羟基自由基能力的大小顺序为:君乐宝酸牛奶＞蒙牛酸牛奶＞西藏灵菇酸牛奶,抗坏血酸的Ec_(50).为0.113mg/mL,约600～700g酸牛奶相当于1g抗坏血酸的抗氧化性活性.同时对反应体...     

New Active Organic Substance in Oyster Shell Capable of Scavenging Oxygen Free Radicals with High Efficiency

A light purple organic active substance capable of scavenging hydroxyl radical（OH） with a high efficiency was extracted from Oyster shell at an extraction rate of 2.49%. It was found for the first time that this active substance may scavenge OH with the efficiency far higher than that of vitamin C. This active substance may scavenge also superoxide radical（O2） although the scavenging efficiency is far lower than that of vitamin C. Infrared spectrometry and routine chemical analysis primarily reveal that this active substance belongs to glycoprotein.     

不同提取方法对红茶提取物抗氧化活性影响的研究

采取沸水浴法、回流法、微波法及超声波法探讨信阳红茶和印度红茶的抗氧化性,通过测定吸光度利用Fenton反应表征提取物对羟自由基的清除率.不同的提取方法对红茶抗氧化活性有一定的影响,羟自由基的清除率与红茶的抗氧化活性成正比.结果表明:信阳红茶沸水浴法提取率较高,印度红茶超声波法提取率较高.     

复合酶法提取大蒜多糖及其抗氧化活性研究

用复合酶法对大蒜多糖的提取工艺进行研究,并考察了不同浓度沉淀多糖的抗氧化活性;以多糖提取得率为指标,苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖的总糖含量,采用正交实验确定纤维素酶、木瓜蛋白酶和果胶酶的最佳配比,然后在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交实验优化复合酶提取大蒜多糖的最佳工艺;分别用羟基自由基(·OH)和1-二苯基-2-苦基肼基(DPP...     

胀果甘草提取物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

筛选胀果甘草是对蘑菇酪氨酸酶抑制活性最强的提取物,并研究其对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制类型,探究其抑制作用机理。 考察了胀果甘草7种不同溶剂包括甘草酸、提酸废液、石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇及水提取物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制作用和对2,2-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐(ABTS)自由基阳离子(ABTS·﹢)、羟基自由基(HO·)的清除作用,根据双倒数曲线图形判断对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制作用类型,结合抗氧化能力探究对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制作用机理。 在胀果甘草7种溶剂提取物中,以乙酸乙酯提取物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶具有最强的抑制作用,IC50为3.4775 g/L,双倒数曲线做图得到了一组纵轴截距不变的曲线,抑制常数K1为0.6667 g/L,胀果甘草乙酸乙酯提取物也具有最强的清除ABTS·﹢、HO·的能力,半清除浓度和速率常数分别为0.0442 g/L和4.634×108 L/(g·s)。 胀果甘草乙酸乙酯提取物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制作用是可逆竞争性抑制,推测其对酪氨酸酶的抑制是通过清除了氧自由基和作为竞争性底物而实现的。     

Structural properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides isolated from sunflower meal after oil extraction

Making full use of sunflower seeds, including oil and the polysaccharides extracted from the meals which oil has been extracted, is one way to enhance their industrial value. Such meals contain abundant polysaccharides; however, the application of polysaccharides isolated from sunflower remaining meals after oil extraction has not been investigated. In this study, polysaccharides were isolated by alkali from sunflower meals after different oil extraction processes, and their structural properties and antioxidant activities were compared. The results indicated that these polysaccharides displayed significant variability in monosaccharide composition and molecular weight. Differences in structural properties could result in differences in functional antioxidant properties. The polysaccharide (SPHE-1) obtained from the meals after traditional hexane extraction exhibited the best antioxidant activities, including DPPH free radical-scavenging assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity among all the polysaccharide fractions. The research provides valuable information for making efficient use of sunflower seeds in the food industry.     

Optimization of Extraction Process and the Antioxidant Activity of Phenolics from Sanghuangporus baumii

Sanghuangporus baumii, is a widely used medicinal fungus. The polyphenols extracted from this fungus exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects. In this study, polyphenols from the fruiting bodies of S. baumii were obtained using the deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction method. The factors affecting the extraction yield were investigated at different conditions. Based on the results from single-factor experiments, response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions. The scavenging ability of the polyphenols on •OH, DPPH, and ABTS⁺ was determined. The results showed that the DES system composed of choline chloride and malic acid had the best extraction yield (6.37 mg/g). The optimal extraction parameters for response surface methodology were as follows: 42 min, 58 ℃, 1:34 solid–liquid (mg/mL), and water content of 39%. Under these conditions, the yield of polyphenols was the highest (12.58 mg/g). At 0.30 mg/mL, the scavenging ability of the polyphenols on •OH, DPPH, and ABTS⁺ was 95.71%, 91.08%, and 85.52%, respectively. Thus, the method using DES was more effective than the conventional method of extracting phenolic compounds from the fruiting bodies of S. baumii. Moreover, the extracted polyphenols exhibited potent antioxidant activity.     

Component Analysis and Free Radicals Scavenging Activity of Physalis alkekengi L.Polysaccharide

A crude polysaccharide was extracted from Physalis alkekengi L. fruit. HPLC was used for the component analysis of the polysaccharide. The results indicate that Physalis alkekengi L. polysaccharide（PAP） was composed of rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, and glucose. Free radicals scavenging activity of PAP was studied through 3 free radicals scavenging tests. PAP exhibited high scavenging effects on OH and DPPH radicals, and both the scavenging rates were about 80%. The scavenging rate of O2^- radical was about 22%.     

Optimization of Portulaca oleracea L. extract using response surface methodology and artificial neural network and characterization of bioactive compound by high-resolution mass spectroscopy

The well-known medicinal plant Portulaca oleracea L. (PO) is used as a traditional medicine and culinary herb to treat various diseases. Fatty acids, essential oils, and flavonoids were extracted from PO seeds and leaves using ultrasonic, microwave, and supercritical fluid extraction with RSM techniques. However, investigations on the secondary metabolites and antioxidant capabilities of the aerial part of PO (APO) are scarce. In order to extract polyphenols and antioxidants from APO as effectively as possible, this study used heat reflux extraction (HRE), response surface methodology (RSM), and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. It also used high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify the APO secondary metabolite. A central-composite design (CCD) was used to establish the ideal ethanol content, extraction time, and extraction temperature to extract the highest polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from APO. According to RSM, the highest amount of TPC (8.23 ± 1.06 mgGAE/g), TFC (43.12 ± 1.15 mgCAE/g), DPPH-scavenging activity (43.01 ± 1.25 % of inhibition) and FRAP (35.98 ± 0.19 µM ascorbic acid equivalent) were obtained at 60.0 % ethanol, 90.2 % time, and 50 °C. Statistical metrics such as the coefficient of determination (R²), root-mean-square error (RMSE), absolute average deviation (AAD), and standard error of prediction (SEP) revealed the ANN's superiority. Ninety-one (91) secondary metabolites, including phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, fatty acids, and terpenoids, were discovered using high-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, 21 new phytoconstituents were identified for the first time in this plant. The results revealed a significant concentration of phytoconstituents, making it an excellent contender for the pharmaceutical and food industries.     

Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of litchi fruit phenolics in relation to pericarp browning prevention

Phenolics were extracted from litchi fruit pericarp (LFP) tissues, purified and their antioxidant properties analyzed. LFP phenolics strongly inhibited linoleic acid oxidation and exhibited a dose-dependent free-radical scavenging activity against alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) and hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. The degradation of deoxyribose by hydroxyl radicals was inhibited by phenolics acting mainly as iron ion chelators, rather than by directly scavenging the radicals. Phenolics from litchi fruit pericarp were found to display similar reducing power activity as ascorbic acid. The effect of phenolic compound treatment on pericarp browning and electrolyte leakage of litchi fruit was also evaluated and it was observed that application of exogenous litchi phenolics to harvested litchi fruit significantly prevented pericarp browning and delayed increases in electrolyte leakage. These results suggest that litchi pericarp tissue phenolics could be beneficial in scavenging free radicals, maintaining membrane integrity and, thereby inhibiting pericarp browning of litchi fruit.     

微波辅助-旋转回流提取仪的组装及其在叶下珠有机酸提取中的应用

组装了一种新型的微波辅助旋转回流装置,该装置的基本原理与微波辅助溶剂萃取的原理相同,但采用了旋转的技术以加速提取.应用该装置以正交实验筛选优化叶下珠中有机酸的提取工艺,并利用毛细管电泳技术分离测定了提取液中有机酸的含量以评价提取效果.最佳提取工艺:乙醚为溶剂,微波功率800 W,提取时间4 min,溶剂用量300 mL.在该提取条件下,平行5次提取叶下珠中丁二酸、原儿茶酸、没食子酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸的平均含量分别为42.2、103.5、436.2、123.8、67.4 μg/g,相对标准偏差为0.87% ～3.7%,加标回收率为94% ～104%.将该法与常规的微波辅助提取法及回流提取法进行比较,结果表明,微波辅助旋转回流提取法提取效率明显优于其它2种方法.