层状Li(Ni1-xCox)O2结构研究

0引言层状钴酸锂是目前锂离子电池主要正极材料,但是,随着锂离子电池的广泛使用,急需比钴酸锂价格低和来源广泛的正极材料,层状锰酸锂和层状镍酸锂受到重视。由于锰氧化物存在有J-T效应,因此,严格意义上的层状锰酸锂的制备极其困难。制备层状镍酸锂也非常困难,高温反应极易生成Li1-xNi1 xO2,具有此种结构的镍酸锂存在严重首次能量衰减和循环性能下降的缺点。采用其他元素掺杂镍酸锂克服其缺点的研究已经很多,其中钴掺杂镍酸锂由于显示了良好的效果而被认为是最有希望替代钴酸锂的锂离子电池正极材料。有关层状镍钴酸锂的研究很多,但不少的…     

锂离子电池的正极材料

综述了近几年发展起来的一些锂离子电池正极材料.对锂钴氧化物、锂镍氧化物和尖晶石锂锰氧化物的特点、制备和改性方法作了介绍.并简介了其它一些新正极材料的发展情况.     

《化学通报》网络版（Chemistry Online）2002年第1期论文摘要

[Ｗ 0 0 1 ]锂离子电池的正极材料ＣａｔｈｏｄｅＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｆｏｒＬｉｔｈｉｕｍ ＩｏｎＢａｔｔｅｒｙ汤宏伟　陈宗璋　钟发平#(湖南大学化学化工学院　长沙　 4 1 0 0 82　　 #长沙力元新材料股份有限公司　长沙　4 1 0 1 0 0 )综述了近几年发展起来的一些锂离子电池正极材料。对锂钴氧化物、锂镍氧化物和尖晶石锂锰氧化物的特点、制备和改性方法作了介绍。并简介了其它一些新正极材料的发展情况。Ａｒｅｖｉｅｗｉｓｇｉｖｅｎｏｎｓｅｖｅｒａｌｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｃａｔｈｏｄｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｆｏｒｌｉｔｈｉｕｍ ｉｏｎｂａｔ…     

锂离子电池富锂材料中离子掺杂、表面包覆、表面氧空位修饰的作用机理及其联合机制

富锂层状氧化物材料是一种具有类固溶体结构的锂离子电池正极材料,放电比容量可达250 m Ah/g,且价格低廉。因此,富锂层状氧化物材料被认为是最有希望的下一代正极材料之一。然而,富锂层状材料还存在诸多问题,如首次库仑效率低、倍率性能差以及容量和电压平台衰减严重,这些问题阻碍其在商业中的应用。本文从富锂层状材料的晶型结构和首次充放电特性出发,主要介绍了离子掺杂、表面包覆以及表面氧空位修饰的作用机理,并进一步分析了不同掺杂离子和不同包覆材料作用于富锂层状材料后性能差异的原因,以及双掺杂和双包覆的优势。最后,本文针对单纯的离子掺杂、表面包覆、表面氧空位修饰在富锂层状材料改性中的不足,提出了基于上述三种改性方式的联合改性机制,并对该机制进行了简要介绍。     

层状嵌锂多元过渡金属氧化物的研究

综述了近几年来锂离子电池正极材料层状多元过渡金属氧化物的研究进展,重点讨论了具有协同作用的Ni、Co、Mn三元复合型层状正极材料LiCoxMnyNi1-x-yO2 (0相似文献   

一步固相法合成锂离子电池高镍层状正极材料

高镍层状正极材料因其比容量高进而满足电动汽车的续航要求,是锂离子电池中占主导地位的正极材料之一。通常,商业化的高镍层状氧化物是由共沉淀前驱体合成的,而在共沉淀过程中需要对温度、 pH、 搅拌速率等条件的精确控制,以确保镍、钴和锰等阳离子的原子级混合。本文采用了简单的一步固相法成功合成了超高镍含量的层状氧化物材料。通过使用与目标产物具有相似层状结构的前驱体氢氧化镍,成功合成了LiNiO₂和LiNi_xCo_yO₂ (x = 0.85, 0.9, 0.95; x + y = 1),其电化学性能可与共沉淀前驱体制备的高镍材料相媲美。通过XRD和XPS测试证实了Co掺杂到LiNiO₂中,并抑制了高镍氧化物中的锂镍混排。掺杂剂Co在提高高镍材料的放电容量、倍率性能和循环性能方面具有明显的优势。一步固相法为未来制备下一代高性能超高镍锂离子正极材料提供了一种简单有效制备方法。     

层状LiMnO_2的溶胶凝胶法合成及其改性

采用溶胶凝胶法合成了锂离子电池正极材料层状锰酸锂(o-L iMnO2),并对其进行了N i2+掺杂改性研究,优化了层状L iMnO2的合成路径及制备条件.采用XRD、充放电实验和交流阻抗测试方法研究了N i2+的掺入对o-L iMnO2充放电容量的影响.结果表明N i2+的掺入明显提高了锰酸锂的放电比容量和循环性能,抑制了循环过程中电池阻抗的增加.     

富锂三元层状正极材料的研究进展

富锂三元层状正极材料(xLi₂MnO₃·(1-x)LiMO₂(0<x<1,M=Mn,Ni,Co))因其远高于其它正极材料的放电比容量而被视为下一代锂离子电池正极材料的最佳选择之一,是未来锂离子电池研究和发展的重点。 但由于其循环性能差、库伦效率低等缺陷,富锂正极材料迟迟不能实现商业化生产。 本文将介绍近几年国内外富锂三元层状正极材料的最新研究进展,主要包括富锂三元层状正极材料的组成、制备技术、结构和性能研究以及包覆与掺杂等改性方面的研究进展,同时对富锂层状正极材料未来的发展趋势和前景作了展望。     

高能量密度锂离子电池用富锂正极材料

随着移动通讯设备和电动汽车的发展,对高比能量密度锂离子电池的需求越来越大。目前商业化动力电池主要采用的磷酸铁锂和三元正极材料放电比容量均低于180 mAh/g,难以满足一次充电行驶500公里以上的要求,因此,正极材料的比容量已成为限制锂离子电池能量密度提高的瓶颈。富锂材料具有大的比容量(≥250 mAh/g)和高的放电电压(3.8 V),理论能量密度高达900 Wh/kg,是未来动力电池的理想正极材料,因而研究高比容量富锂正极材料具有非常重要的现实意义。本文回顾了锂离子电池正极材料的发展和目前商业化正极材料比容量低的现状,综述了新一代大比容量富锂正极材料的结构特征和电化学性质,以及放电机制和改性研究的最新进展,并指出现阶段高能量密度锂离子电池用富锂材料遇到的问题,且有针对性地提出了解决思路和方法。     

层状LiMnO_2正极材料的研究进展

层状LiMnO2 化合物的研究是目前锂离子电池正极材料锂锰氧化物研究工作的新热点 ,本文综述了近年来国内外LiMnO2 化合物的研究进展 ,主要阐述了具有层状和扭曲层状结构的m LiMnO2和o LiMnO2 的结构、电性能、合成和改性方法等方面的研究状况 ,重点介绍了离子交换法合成层状LiMnO2 的原因和机理。探索新的合成方法和掺杂其它金属离子改性以提高循环性能是今后LiMnO2 的研究趋势。     

Nanoconfinement of lithium borohydride in Cu-MOFs towards low temperature dehydrogenation

Successful synthesis and investigation of a new material that uses copper-metal-organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) as the template for loading LiBH(4) are reported. The nanoconfinement of LiBH(4) in the pores of Cu-MOFs results in an interaction between LiBH(4) and Cu(2+) ions, enabling the LiBH(4)@Cu-MOFs system to achieve a much lower dehydrogenation temperature than pristine LiBH(4).     

Electrochemical investigation of lithium intercalation into graphite from molten lithium chloride

Lithium reduction at a graphite electrode in molten lithium chloride was studied at temperatures from 650 to 900 °C using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. It was found that, during cathodic polarization, lithium intercalation into graphite occurred before deposition of metallic lithium started. This process was confirmed to be rate-controlled by the diffusion of lithium in the graphite. When the cathodic polarization potential was more negative than that for metallic lithium deposition, exfoliation of graphite particles from the electrode surface was observed. This was caused by fast and excessive accumulation of lithium intercalated into the graphite, which produced mechanical stress too high for the graphite matrix to accommodate. The erosion process was abated once the graphite surface was covered by a continuous layer of liquid lithium. These results are of relevance to the mechanism of carbon nanotube and nanoparticle formation by electrochemical synthesis in molten lithium chloride.     

Novel porous anatase TiO2 nanorods and their high lithium electroactivity

We demonstrated a simple approach for the synthesis of a kind of novel porous anatase TiO₂ nanorods. The method is based on a reaction in composite-hydroxide eutectic system and normal atmosphere without using an organic dispersant or capping agent. The synthesis technique is cost effective, easy to control and is adaptable to mass production. This is the first time TiO₂ nanorods with a porous structure are fabricated by using this method. The as-prepared material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), nitrogen adsorption and desorption experiments and electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the anatase TiO₂ nanorods obtained in our experiment have a large specific surface area with a porous structure which makes it have a potential application in catalysts and battery materials, especially in lithium ion batteries. In this study, we mainly tested their electrochemical performance as negative materials for lithium ion batteries. Further research to optimize synthesis conditions, particularly to develop their application in the field of catalysis is currently in progress.     

Study on effects of carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li) synthesis and electrospinning on high-rate lithium ion batteries

This study, for the first time, synthesized carboxymethyl cellulose lithium (CMC-Li) by a two-step method and applied it to modified electrode material by electrospinning and as a binder on a lithium ion battery. By electrospinning, nano CMC-Li fiber and CMC-Li/9, 10-anthraquinone (AQ) composite fiber were obtained successfully and coated AQ electrode material. AQ was uniformly distributed in fibers, and then CMC-Li/AQ composite fiber was carbonized to obtain the carbon nanofiber/AQ/Li [CAL] composite as lithium battery anode material. Also for the first time we investigated substituting aqueous CMC-Li with different degrees of substitution (DS) for oily polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a lithium battery binder to assemble the battery with CAL for electrochemical performance tests. Compared with PVDF binder, cells with CMC-Li for a binder have excellent advantages, such as higher discharge capacity (226.4 mAh g^?1), safer cycle performance, lower cost and being more eco-friendly. Furthermore, the cell with CMC-Li with high DS performed better than the cell with low DS. This method also applies to other electrode materials.     

Partially substituted lithium manganese oxides as 3 V cathode materials for secondary lithium batteries

Low temperature synthesis and electrochemical properties of partially substituted lithium manganese oxides are reported. We demonstrate various metallic cations (Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Fe³⁺, Co³⁺) can be incorporated in the 3 V layered cathodic material Li_0.45MnO_2.1. New compounds Li_0.45Mn_0.88Fe_0.12O_2.1, Li_0.45Mn_0.84Ni_0.16O_2.05, Li_0.45Mn_0.79Cu_0.21O_2.3, Li_0.45Mn_0.85Co_0.15O_2.3 are prepared. These 3 V cathode materials are characterized by the same shape of discharge-charge profiles but different values of the specific capacity, between 90 mAh g⁻¹ and 180 mAh g⁻¹. The best results in terms of capacity and cycle life are obtained with the selected content of 0.15 Co per mole of oxide, as the optimum composition. The high kinetics of Li⁺ transport in Li_0.45Mn_0.85Co_0.15O_2.3 compared to that in the Co-free material is consistent with a substitution of Mn(III) by Co(III) in MnO₂ sheets.     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of lithium iron phosphate

Original method for synthesis of lithium iron phosphate was developed. The method includes two stages: 1st, synthesis of iron phosphate from a mixture of ammonium dihydrophosphate and metal oxide; and 2nd, synthesis of lithium iron phosphate by thermal lithiation of the product obtained in the 1st stage, with mechanical activation of the precursor in the course of plastic deformation.     

硅氮烷的合成与应用研究进展

硅氮烷根据原料以及合成方法的不同可分为链硅氮烷、环硅氮烷、聚硅氮烷等. 有机硅氮化合物由于其含有的硅氮键、氮氢键的独特性质, 在陶瓷前驱体制备、耐热材料的制备、辉光放电反应、高效液相色谱等方面有了越来越重要的应用.介绍了硅氮烷的一些最新合成与应用研究进展.     

Synthesis of lithium hexafluorotitanate

It was found in using anatase titanium oxide for the preparation litium hexafluorotitanate by interaction of titanium hydroxide or oxide and lithium fluoride with hydrofluoric acid an output of Li₂TiF₆ reached 97.1% at “reverse” synthesis, 100% consumption of LiF and 200% consumption of 54% HF.     

The preparation of porous graphite and its application in lithium ion batteries as anode material

Graphite is the most widely used anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the performance of graphite is limited by its slow charging rates. In this work, porous graphite was successfully prepared by nickel-catalyzed gasification. The existence of the pores and channels in graphite particles can greatly increase the number of sites for Li-ion intercalation-deintercalation in graphite lattice and reduce the Li-ion diffusion distance, which can greatly facilitate the rapid diffusion of lithium ions; meanwhile, the pores and channels can act as buffers for the volume change of the graphite in charging-discharging processes. As a result, the prepared graphite with pores and channels exhibits excellent cycling stability at high rate as anode materials for LIBs. The porous graphite offers better cycling performance than pristine graphite, retaining 81.4 % of its initial reversible capacity after 1500 cycles at 5 C rates. The effective synthesis strategy might open new avenues for the design of high-performance graphite materials. The porous graphite anode material is proposed in applications of high rate charging Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles.