气体基本定律在建立气体测量仪计量检定装置中的应用

遵循道尔顿定律建立的双压力法恒湿气体发生器,各项技术指标高于湿度计量一等标准要求,可用于校准和测量湿度仪器及测湿元件;遵循理想气体状态方程及静态容积法配制乙醇标准气体,建立的呼出气体酒精含量探测器检定装置,其不确定度优于被检探测器允许相对误差的三倍以上,可以满足呼出气体酒精含量探测器检定的需要。     

化学分析计量方面的检定规程

编号名称编号名称JJG11-1987比色管检定规程JJG701-1990毛细管法熔点测定仪JJG11-1987比色管检定规程JJG656-1990硝酸根自动监测仪检定规程JJG20-2001标准玻璃量器检定规程JJG657-1990呼出气体酒精含量探测器检定规程JJG45-1999光学计检定规程JJG679-1990冷原子吸收测汞仪检定规程JJG50-1996石油产品用玻璃液体温度计检定规程JJG680-1990烟尘测试仪检定规程JJG114-1999贝克曼温度计检定规程JJG681-1990色散型红外分光光度计检定规程JJG119-1984实验室pH(酸度)计检定规程JJG682-1990双光速紫外可见分光光度计检定规程JJG1…     

人体血液、尿液、唾液及呼出气体中乙醇含量检测研究进展

对人体血液、尿液、唾液及呼出气体中乙醇含量检测方法进行综述。顶空气相色谱法适用于检测血液和尿液中的乙醇含量，精度高，稳定性好；乙醇氧化酶法在检测乙醇含量时有操作简单使用方便的特点；利用电化学原理或红外原理检测呼出气体中酒精含量时，可以实现定性、定量分析，仪器操作简单、稳定性好、体积小。对乙醇检测仪器和装置的溯源方法进行总结，国家有证标准物质的研制以及乙醇气体发生源装置的建立确保了检测结果的量值准确和单位统一。     

酒精呼气现场智能分析新技术

应用人工神经网络的原理, 用半导体氧化物气敏传感器阵列及单片机实现的呼出气体酒精含量的智能分析方法, 具有灵敏、准确、抗干扰能力强的特点。该文着重介绍了系统的原理, 配气方法, 网络的训练方法及酒精含量的预报结果。     

电喷雾萃取电离质谱直接检测人体呼出气体中的乙腈

人体呼出气体携带大量的生理病理信息,在临床诊断和代谢组学研究中发挥着日益重要的作用。本研究在未对样品进行预处理条件下,采用电喷雾萃取电离质谱(EESI-MS)技术直接测定呼出气体中乙腈分子。在优化的实验条件下,结合多级串联质谱,有效地获得了人体呼出气体中乙腈含量的信息。对气相乙腈的检出限为5.71 pL/L,线性范围为76.4～1910 pL/L。以两名健康志愿者呼出气体为实例,实际检测了其中乙腈的含量分别为134.49和104.40 pL/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为6.3%和7.2%。结果表明,本方法灵敏度高、精密度好、分析速度快、特异性强,能够承受呼出气体中复杂基体的影响,适合于呼出气体中痕量乙腈的直接半定量检测,也可为呼出气体中其它小分子物质的检测提供新思路。     

气体报警器检定用智能控制终端的设计与实现

介绍了一种用于有毒有害气体报警器计量检定用手持控制终端的设计。通过对手持终端的软件、电源系统、无线通信系统和主控系统的研发,实现了无线控制报警器检定的操作,并可在手持终端上显示报警器的相关参数以及检定结果等内容。该手持终端提高了检定效率,避免了有害气体对检定人员的侵袭。     

基于UWP跨平台移动式可燃气体检测报警器智能检定系统的研制

将UWP(Windows通用应用平台)技术应用于可燃气体检测报警器智能检定系统的设计,研制移动式可燃气体检测报警器智能检定系统。该系统包括移动端和PC端,移动端包括委托单信息处理、检定数据处理、数据上传、XML数据管理4个模块;PC端包括上传信息读取、委托单/证书/记录生成及打印两个模块。该系统的研制实现了检定系统在手机、平板、智能检定工作台等的跨平台应用,提高了报警器的检定效率。     

一种检定辅助系统对气体分析仪检定结果的影响

对自行研制的气体分析仪检定用辅助系统进行性能评定。选择多种不同测量原理及进气方式的气体分析仪,分别利用仪器自带标定罩及自行研制的检定辅助系统对仪器进行计量检定。根据试验结果,使用该系统进行检定时,6种扩散式气体分析仪的响应时间比使用标定罩时平均增加了67.2%,而示值误差平均减小了9.2%,重复性(RSD)平均减小了19.6%;4种吸入式气体分析仪的响应时间平均减小了9.3%,示值误差平均减小了0.1%,重复性平均增加了4.7%。实验结果表明该系统对准确反映扩散式气体分析仪的计量性能有明显帮助。     

标定罩使用对气体报警器检定结果的影响

为指导检定人员在气体报警器检定时对气体标定罩的正确使用,对标准罩、大罩、小罩、不带罩4种情况进行试验,并对气体报警器检定结果的绝对误差、响应时间、重复性等参数进行对比分析。结果表明,在满足绝对误差±5%FS之内、响应时间不大于60 s、重复性不大于2%的技术指标要求时,使用标准罩能够得到更准确、稳定、符合现场模拟真实数值的检定结果。该研究有利于提高气体报警器检定结果的准确性。     

一种新型气体报警器检定操作台的研制

针对有毒有害气体报警器检定过程中存在的安全防护问题,研制了一种防毒防害型气体报警器检定操作台,该操作台主要由操作台体、透明橱窗、排风装置、转子流量计、减压阀等组成。该操作台可以提高计量检定实验室在有毒有害气体报警器检定时对环境条件的控制能力。     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shifts of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by means of PMR spectroscopy. The dipolar and uncharged hydroxy forms exist in equilibrium in aqueous solutions. The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium in the case of 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was investigated. The possibility of the separate protonation of the ring nitrogen and the side-chain nitrogen in 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in 4-hydroxyisoquinoline is in good agreement with its chemical behavior.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1546–1549, November, 1971     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shift of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 3-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by PMR spectroscopy. The regions of ionization of the molecules, which correspond to the ranges of acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, were found. In D₂O, 3-hydroxyquinoline is present only in the uncharged hydroxy form. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline has a substantial effect on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium; the existence of separate protonation of the nitrogen atoms of the ring and the side chain of 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in the 3-hydroxyquinoline molecule is in good agreement with its chemical behavior during electrophilic substitution.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1540–1545, November, 1971.     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.