以高氯酸·三-2,2′-联吡啶合钴(Ⅲ)作为电子媒介体金纳米颗粒增强的葡萄糖生物传感器

用纳米金溶胶与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)构成复合固酶基质,采用溶胶-凝胶法固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)于铂电极表面,并在葡萄糖溶液中加入高氯酸·三-2,2′-联吡啶合钴(Ⅲ)作为电子媒介体,制成了高灵敏的葡萄糖生物传感器.葡萄糖氧化酶吸附在纳米金颗粒表面上稳定且保持其生物活性;而电子媒介体的存在,显著提高了传感器的响应灵敏度.该传感器对葡萄糖响应的线性范围为1.2×10-8～6.2×10-6 mol/L,检出限6.2×10-9 mol/L(S/N=3).该生物传感器有效消除了抗坏血酸、尿酸的干扰,可用于人体血清中葡萄糖的测定.     

聚亚甲基蓝和纳米金修饰玻碳电极的葡萄糖生物传感器

用循环伏安法在玻碳电极上电聚合一层稳定的亚甲蓝聚合物膜,研究了这层膜在0.1mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(pH7.0)中的电化学性质。用纳米金溶胶与聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)构成复合固酶基质,采用溶胶-凝胶法固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)于亚甲蓝修饰的玻碳电极表面,制成了新型葡萄糖生物传感器。实验发现,加入纳米金后提高了酶电极对葡萄糖的电流响应,所制备的传感器具有响应快、灵敏度高、稳定性好,对葡萄糖的线性响应范围为1×10-6~3×10-3mol/L,检出限为5×10-7mol/L。并具有抗尿酸、抗坏血酸干扰的特点。     

基于壳聚糖-纳米金/纳米普鲁士蓝/L-半胱氨酸修饰的 葡萄糖传感器的研究

在金电极表面修饰一层L-半胱氨酸,再利用静电吸附作用固定纳米普鲁士蓝(nano-PB),然后利用壳聚糖-纳米金复合膜将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)固定于修饰电极表面,制成新型的葡萄糖传感器.通过交流阻抗技术,循环伏安法和计时电流法考察了电极的电化学特性.在优化的实验条件下,该传感器在葡萄糖浓度为3.0×10-6～1.0×10-3 mol/L范围内有线性响应,检测下限为1.6×10-6 mol/L.此外该传感器具有响应快、稳定性好和选择性良好的特点,能有效排除常见干扰物质如抗坏血酸、尿酸等对测定的影响.     

基于对氨基苯甲酸/硫堇/纳米金共价修饰玻碳电极的葡萄糖生物传感器

实验制备了以对氨基苯甲酸(4-ABA)、硫堇(TH)、纳米金(Au NPs)共价键合葡萄糖氧化酶的新型葡萄糖生物传感器. 主要采用循环伏安法, 以羟基二茂铁作为电子媒介体, 对含葡萄糖和未含葡萄糖的电解液进行了研究. 结果表明: 传感器的响应电流值随葡萄糖氧化酶膜层数的不同而变化. 考虑到酶电极的长期稳定性与构造简单性, 我们制作了两层葡萄糖氧化酶膜的酶电极. 该传感器对1×10^－2 mol/L葡萄糖的响应电流达2.47 μA, 响应时间仅4.7 s. 该生物传感器检测的线性范围为3×10^－5～1×10^－3 mol/L, 最低检测浓度可达5.8×10^－6 mol/L. 该传感器制备简单, 稳定好, 具有一定的使用价值.     

以高氯酸·三-2,2''''-联吡啶合钴(Ⅲ)为介体的葡萄糖氧化酶传感器的研究

以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛为固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)的载体,将GOD附在铂丝电极上并采用高氯酸·三-2,2'-联吡啶合钴(Ⅲ)[Co(bpy)3(ClO4)3]作为电子媒介体制得了电流型葡萄糖酶电极.讨论了溶解性媒介体Co(bpy)3(ClO4)3的浓度、溶液的pH值和温度对该电极电流响应的影响.该介体型葡萄糖传感器在优化的实验条件下,对葡萄糖表现出良好的响应特性,如响应快、重复性和稳定性好,传感器线性范围为6.0×10-6～1.1×10-4mol/L,检出限为3.0×10-6mol/L.将该电极用于人血清中葡萄糖测定,其结果与传统方法测得的结果一致.     

以高氯酸·三-2,2′-联吡啶合钴(Ⅲ)为介体的葡萄糖氧化酶传感器的研究

以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛为固定葡萄糖氧化酶 (GOD)的载体 ,将GOD附在铂丝电极上并采用高氯酸·三_2,2′_联吡啶合钴(Ⅲ)[Co(bpy)3(ClO4)3]作为电子媒介体制得了电流型葡萄糖酶电极。讨论了溶解性媒介体Co(bpy)3(ClO4)3 的浓度、溶液的 pH值和温度对该电极电流响应的影响。该介体型葡萄糖传感器在优化的实验条件下 ,对葡萄糖表现出良好的响应特性 ,如响应快、重复性和稳定性好 ,传感器线性范围为6.0×10 -6～1.1×10 -4mol/L ,检出限为3.0×10 -6mol/L。将该电极用于人血清中葡萄糖测定 ,其结果与传统方法测得的结果一致。     

基于聚硫堇和纳米银固定酶的葡萄糖生物传感器

用循环伏安法将电子媒介体硫堇电聚合在玻碳电极表面上,使其表面形成均匀的带负电的聚硫堇膜,通过静电吸附作用吸附表面带正电荷的纳米银溶胶,接着通过静电吸附带负电的葡萄糖氧化酶,最后用聚硫堇包埋电极,从而制得性能优良的葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)生物传感器。实验发现传感器氧化峰电流与葡萄糖的浓度在1.0×10-8~5.0×10-6mol/L(r=0.9963)范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-9mol/L(S/N=3)。     

纳米铂颗粒修饰薄膜金电极的新型葡萄糖传感器研究

在没有引入电子媒介体条件下,为了提高传感器的响应灵敏度,降低工作电位,利用电化学沉积法在薄膜金电极表面修饰纳米铂颗粒,并通过戊二醛固定酶的方法制备了一种新型生物传感器。研究了在薄膜金电极上修饰纳米铂颗粒前后传感器对低浓度葡萄糖的响应影响。结果表明,纳米铂颗粒修饰后所制备的葡萄糖传感器工作电位下降为0.4 V,测定葡萄糖的检出限从100μmol/L下降到10μmol/L。传感器对10~1300μmol/L低浓度葡萄糖的响应灵敏度为50.8 nA/(cm2μmol/L);响应时间30 s;r为0.9974;传感器精密度为2.1%,并具有较好的稳定性。     

基于纳米MnO_2二茂铁修饰丝网印刷碳电极的尿酸生物传感器研究

在丝网印刷碳电极上修饰纳米MnO2,并利用戊二醛和β-环糊精交联固定尿酸酶,以二茂铁作为电子媒介体,研制用于测定尿酸浓度的生物传感器.实验结果表明,纳米MnO2降低了电子媒介体二茂铁的氧化还原反应电位,且纳米MnO2与电子媒介体二茂铁在尿酸生物传感器中表现出协同增效效应.该尿酸生物传感器线性响应范围是6.0×10-6～1.2×10-3 mol/L,检出限为3.0×10-6 mol/L.用纳米MnO2修饰酶电极,改善了电极表面条件,加快了电极反应速率,提高了尿酸传感器的灵敏度.     

四硫富瓦烯为介体的碳纤维束葡萄糖氧化酶微电极的研究

本文研究了一种将电子介体四硫富瓦烯(TTF,Tetrathiafulalene)引入葡萄糖氧化酶微电极的新方法,制成了TTF为介体的碳纤维束葡萄糖氧化酶微电极。该电极制作简单,响应迅速、灵敏,电极寿命可达15天。葡萄糖浓度在1。0×10~(-4)～1.5×10~(-3)mol/L范围内有线性关系。检出限为7×10~(-5)mol/L。用于人体血样中葡萄糖测定获得满意结果。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.