NOx分子在[Ag]-AlMOR分子筛中的吸附

采用Dmol3程序中密度泛函理论(DFT)的广义梯度方法GGA/BLYP和DND基组研究了银离子交换的丝光沸石([Ag]-AlMOR)结构及其对NOx分子吸附性能的影响, 获得吸附复合物的平衡几何结构参数、吸附能以及红外振动频率等数据. 结果表明, NOx分子与丝光沸石间的主要作用力为NOx分子中的氮(或氧)原子上的孤对电子和Ag+间的静电作用力. 吸附能数据表明, NOx分子以η1-N模式吸附在[Ag]-AlMOR分子筛中的结构更稳定; 在η1-N模式中, NOx分子吸附作用强度的次序为NO>NO2>N2O. 红外振动频率结果表明, 吸附态NOx分子中N—O和N—N键伸缩振动频率的位移趋势与N—O和N—N 键变化规律基本相一致. 另外, 对[Ag]-AlMOR分子筛的抗硫、抗水及抗氧化性能也进行了研究和分析.     

周期性密度泛函理论研究氯气在CuCl(111)表面上的吸附与解离

运用广义梯度密度泛函理论(Generalized Gradient Approximation，GGA)的PBE(Perdew-Burke-Ernzerh)方法结合周期性平板模型，研究了氯气分子和氯原子在CuCl(111)表面上的吸附。通过对不同吸附位和不同单层覆盖度下的吸附能和几何构型参数的计算和比较发现：氯气分子在CuCl(111)表面的吸附为解离吸附；单层覆盖度为0.50时的吸附构型为稳定的吸附构型；氯气分子平行吸附在CuCl(111)表面时最稳定，吸附能最大，达364.5 kJ·mol^-1；伸缩振动频率的计算结果表明，吸附后的氯气分子的伸缩振动频率与自由氯气分子的伸缩振动频率相比，都发生了红移；布居分析结果表明整个吸附体系发生了由Cu原子向氯气分子的电荷转移。氯原子吸附的计算结果显示氯原子以穴位稳定的吸附在CuCl(111)表面。     

CO吸附在Rh(111)表面上的结构和振动频率的理论研究

采用密度泛函-广义梯度近似(DFT-GGA)方法对CO吸附在Rh(111)表面上的结构和振动特征进行了研究, 获得了吸附结构, 吸附能和振动频率. 计算结果表明, 在低覆盖度下最稳定的吸附位置为顶(top)位置, 而在高覆盖度下, 一个CO分子占据top位置, 另外两个分子占据凹陷(hollow)位置. 振动分析表明, C-O伸缩振动频率随着覆盖度的增加而增大. 计算的吸附结构和振动频率都与实验结果吻合较好.     

N0x分子在[Ag]-AlMOR分子筛中的吸附

采用Dmol3程序中密度泛函理论(DFT)的广义梯度方法GGA/BLYP和DND基组研究了银离子交换的丝光沸石([AgJ-AIMOR)结构及其对NOx分子吸附性能的影响,获得吸附复合物的平衡儿何结构参数、吸附能以及红外振动频率等数据.结果表明,NO,分子与丝光沸石间的主要作用力为NOx分子中的氮(或氧)原子上的孤对电子和Ag+间的静电作用力.吸附能数据表明,NOx分子以η1-N模式吸附在[Agl-AIMOR 分子筛中的结构更稳定;在η1-N 模式中,NOx分子吸附作用强度的次序为 NO>N02>N2O.红外振动频率结果表明,吸附态NOx分子中 N-O 和N-N 键伸缩振动频率的位移趋势与 N-O 和 N-N 键变化规律基本相一致.另外,对 [Ag]-A1MOR分子筛的抗硫、抗水及抗氧化性能也进行了研究和分析.     

N_2O在Cu/t-ZrO_2(101)表面的吸附与解离

运用广义梯度密度泛函理论结合周期性平板模型方法研究了N2O在完整及负载Cu的四方相ZrO2(101)表面的吸附与解离.结果表明,N2O在完整ZrO2(101)表面的吸附均为物理吸附,Cu在其完整表面的次表层第一氧位为最稳定吸附位,且覆盖度为0.25ML时的吸附最为稳定,吸附能为155.8kJ/mol;N2O分子中O端弱物理吸附于Cu/ZrO2(101)表面,其N端及平行吸附方式得到的稳定吸附能分别为121.6和66.8kJ/mol.频率及电荷布居计算表明,吸附后对称和反对称伸缩振动频率均发生红移,电子由Cu负载底物表面转移给N2O分子.对N2O分子的解离考虑了N端垂直吸附和平行吸附两种解离反应过程,发现平行吸附过程的解离更易发生.     

NOx分子在【Ag】-AlMOR分子筛中的吸附

采用Dmol3程序中密度泛函理论（DFT）的广义梯度方法GGA／BLYP和DND基组研究了银离子交换的丝光沸石（[Ag]-AlMOR）结构及其对NOx分子吸附性能的影响,获得吸附复合物的平衡几何结构参数、吸附能以及红外振动频率等数据．结果表明,NOx分子与丝光沸石间的主要作用力为NOx分子中的氮（或氧）原子上的孤对电子和Ag^＋间的静电作用力．吸附能数据表明,NOx分子以η^1-N模式吸附在[Ag]-AlMOR分子筛中的结构更稳定;在η^1-N模式中,NOx分子吸附作用强度的次序为NO〉NO2〉N2O．红外振动频率结果表明,吸附态NOx分子中N—O和N—N键伸缩振动频率的位移趋势与N-O和N—N键变化规律基本相一致．另外,对[Ag]-AlMOR分子筛的抗硫、抗水及抗氧化性能也进行了研究和分析．     

一氧化碳分子在Pt/t-ZrO2(101)表面的吸附性质

运用广义梯度密度泛函理论(GGA-PW91)结合周期平板模型方法,研究了CO分子在完整与Pt负载的四方ZrO2(101)表面的吸附行为.结果表明:表面第二层第二氧位和表面第二桥位分别为CO分子和Pt原子在完整ZrO2(101)表面的稳定吸附位,且覆盖度为0.25ML(monolayer)时均为稳定吸附构型,吸附能分别为56.2和352.7kJ·mol-1.CO分子在负载表面的稳定吸附模式为C-end吸附,吸附能为323.8kJ·mol-1.考察了CO分子在负载表面吸附前后的振动频率、态密度和轨道电荷布居分析,并与CO分子和Pt原子在ZrO2表面的结果进行比较.结果表明,C端吸附CO分子键长为0.1161nm,与自由的和吸附在ZrO2表面后的CO相应值(0.1141和0.1136nm)相比伸长.吸附后C―O键伸缩振动频率为2018cm-1,与自由CO分子相比发生红移;吸附后CO带部分正电荷,电子转移以Pt5dCO2π的π反馈机理占主导地位.     

CN在 Pt(100)表面吸附的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函方法,以原子簇Pt14为模拟表面,对CN自由基分子在Pt(100)表面上不同吸附位的吸附情况进行了研究.结果表明,CN分子吸附在Pt(100)面上时,通过原子C垂直吸附在表面顶位是其最佳吸附方式,CN键振动频率明显发生蓝移,与实验事实相吻合;而在桥位及四方穴位吸附时CN键振动频率均发生红移.吸附前后,CN分子的σ、π电子与底物间的电荷转移的差异决定了CN键振动频率的不同变化.     

基于密度泛函理论计算的CO2在SrTiO3(100)表面的吸附

通过密度泛函理论的第一性原理,模拟了CO2分子在SrTiO3(100)表面TiO2-和SrO-位点上的吸附行为,获得了CO2在几种不同吸附模型下的结构参数及表面吸附能,进而研究了吸附机理和结构稳定性.计算结果表明,当CO2的C原子吸附在SrTiO3(100)表面SrO-及TiO2-位点的氧原子上时,吸附结构较稳定,尤其是C、O原子共吸附在TiO2-位点时最稳定,而其余吸附模型则不稳定.对吸附稳定模型的Mulliken布局数及态密度分析显示:CO2分子在SrTiO3(100)表面吸附主要是由于SrTiO3(100)面的电子跃迁至CO2分子,CO2分子得到电子形成弯曲的CO2-阴离子结构,并伴随着C-O键的伸长,从而达到吸附活化CO2的目的.     

H_2在δ-Pu(100)表面吸附的第一原理研究

采用密度泛函理论结合平板周期性模型研究了H2在δ-Pu(100)表面的吸附行为.结果表明,H2在该表面最稳定的吸附方式为洞位垂直吸附,吸附能为0.183eV,距离表面最近的H原子与表面垂直距离为0.378nm.吸附的H2分子的键长增加、H—H键伸缩振动频率的红移都不明显.只有极少量电子从第1层的Pu原子流向H2分子,吸附引起的表面功函增加也不明显.这说明δ-Pu(100)面分子态H2的吸附属于较弱的物理吸附.讨论了离解吸附的热力学可能性,H2分子的吸附趋向于离解成2个原子态H的吸附,离解后的H原子优先吸附于洞位,此时吸附为较强的化学吸附.     

Adsorption of atoms on cu surfaces: a density functional theory study

The chemisorption of atoms (H, N, S, O, and C) on Cu surfaces has been systematically studied by the density functional theory generalized gradient approximation method with the slab model. Our calculated results indicate that the orders of the adsorption energy are H < N < S < O < C on Cu(111) and H < N < O < S < C on Cu(110) and Cu(100). Furthermore, the adsorption energies of the given atoms on Cu(100) are larger than those on Cu(111) and Cu(110). The preferred adsorption sites are a 3-fold hollow site on Cu(111) and a 4-fold hollow site on Cu(100), but the preferred adsorption sites on Cu(110) are different for different adatoms. The energy, as well as the geometry, is in good agreement with the experimental and other theoretical data. In addition, this study focuses on the electronic and geometric properties of the metal-atom (M-A) bond to explain the difference in adsorption energies among adatoms. A detailed investigation of the density of states curves explains the nature of the most stable site. Finally, we test the effect of the coverage and find that the surface coverage has no influence on the preferred adsorption sites of the given adatoms on Cu(110) with the exception of hydrogen and oxygen, but has much influence on the value of the adsorption energy.     

模板效应对β分子筛中Al原子分布的DFT理论计算研究

基于量子化学中的密度泛函理论(DFT),通过β分子筛同模板剂四乙胺阳离子(TEA⁺)的主客体相互作用来讨论了模板剂分子对骨架Al的靶向作用。计算采用了密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法在6-31G(d,p)基组上研究了β分子筛同TEA+主客体相互作用的几何结构、分子轨道、电荷分布以及9个不同骨架位置的相互作用能。研究结果表明：带正电荷的TEA⁺吸引β分子筛上Al原子形成的阴离子中心(Zeo-AlO₄^-),两者具有很好的匹配关系。通过主客体相互作用影响了Al原子在分子筛中的分布。骨架Al最有利于落位在β分子筛的T5和T6位,落位的稳定性顺序是Group Ⅱ(T5,T6)>Group Ⅲ(T7-T9)>Group Ⅰ(T1-T4)。     

Hydrogen storage in low silica type X zeolites

Low silica type X zeolites (LSX, Si/Al = 1) fully exchanged by alkali-metal cations (Li(+), Na(+), and K(+)) were studied for their hydrogen storage capacities. Hydrogen adsorption isotherms were measured separately at 77 K and <1 atm, and at 298 K and <10 MPa. It was found that the hydrogen adsorption capacity of LSX zeolite depended strongly on the cationic radius and the density of the cations that are located on the exposed sites. The interaction energies between H(2) and the cations follow the order Li(+) > Na(+) > K(+), as predicted based on the ionic radii. Oxygen anions on zeolite framework were minor adsorption sites. Li-LSX had an H(2) capacity of 1.5 wt % at 77 K and 1 atm, and a capacity of 0.6 wt % at 298 K and 10 MPa, among the highest of known sorbents. The hydrogen capacity in LSX zeolite by bridged hydrogen spillover was also investigated. A simple and effective technique was employed to build carbon bridges between the H(2) dissociation catalyst and the zeolite to facilitate spillover of hydrogen atoms. Thus, the hydrogen storage capacity of Li-LSX zeolite was enhanced to 1.6 wt % (by a factor of 2.6) at 298 K and 10 MPa. This is by far the highest hydrogen storage capacity obtained on a zeolite material at room temperature. Furthermore, the adsorption rates were fast, and the storages were shown to be fully reversible and rechargeable. Further optimization of the bridge building technique would lead to an additional enhancement of hydrogen storage.     

氢原子在Pt及Pt系双金属催化表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(dFT)考察了Pt(100)、(110)、(111)三种表面氢原子的吸附行为, 计算了覆盖度为0.25 ML时氢原子在Pt 三种表面和M-Pt(111)双金属(M=Al, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pd)上的最稳定吸附位、表面能以及吸附前后金属表面原子层间弛豫情况. 分析了氢原子在不同双金属表面吸附前后的局域态密度变化以及双金属表面d 带中心偏离费米能级的程度并与氢吸附能进行了关联. 计算结果表明, 在Pt(100), Pt(110)和Pt(111)表面, 氢原子的稳定吸附位分别为桥位、短桥位和fcc 穴位. 三种表面中以Pt(111)的表面能最低, 结构最稳定. 氢原子在不同M-Pt(111)双金属表面上的最稳定吸附位均为fcc 穴位, 其中在Ni-Pt 双金属表面的吸附能最低, Co-Pt 次之. 表明氢原子在Ni-Pt 和Co-Pt 双金属表面的吸附最稳定. 通过对氢原子在M-Pt(111)双金属表面吸附前后的局域态密度变化的分析, 验证了氢原子吸附能计算结果的准确性. 掺杂金属Ni、Co、Fe 的3d-Pt(111)双金属表面在吸附氢原子后发生弛豫, 第一层和第二层金属原子均不同程度地向外膨胀. 此外, 3d金属的掺入使得其对应的M-Pt(111)双金属表面d带中心与Pt 相比更靠近费米能级, 吸附氢原子能力增强, 表明3d-Pt系双金属表面有可能比Pt具有更好的脱氢活性.     

H2 adsorption on Fe/ZSM-5 zeolite: a theoretical approach

The hydrogen reduction of the red-ox Fe/ZSM-5 zeolite is an essential step for catalyst preparation. In this letter, various adsorption modes of the H(2) molecules on the Fe(III)/ZSM-5 zeolite were first explored by density functional theory, with their exact configurations provided. The adsorption energies revealed that the two configurations with Fe(III) at the sextet states are the main ones, consistent with the results of inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments. On such basis, the vibrational and orbital analyses were made, which will be valuable for the future studies on the Fe/ZSM-5 systems.     

Beta分子筛中Al的分布和Brφnsted酸的酸性强度

基于量子化学中的密度泛函理论(DFT), 研究了Beta分子筛中骨架Al在9个不同T位的分布和Brφnsted酸的分布及其强度. 计算采用8T 簇模型和B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)方法, 得到了不同T位的Al/Si替代能、(Al, H)/Si替代能和质子亲和势, 以及碱性探针分子NH3在Beta分子筛酸性位的吸附能. 结果表明, 骨架Al和Brφnsted酸优生位于Beta分子筛的T5 和T6 位; 其中酸性最强的位置是Al5-O14-Si9, 最弱的位置是Al7-O3-Si1.     

A density functional theory study of molecular and dissociative adsorption of H2 on active sites in mordenite

Adsorption and chemisorption of H2 in mordenite is studied using ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The geometries of the adsorption complex, the adsorption energies, stretching frequencies, and the capacity to dissociate the adsorbed molecule are compared for different active sites. The active centers include a Br?nsted acid site, a three-coordinated surface Al site, and Lewis sites formed by extraframework cations: Na+, Cu+, Ag+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ga3+, and Al3+. Adsorption properties of cations are compared for a location of the cation in the five-membered ring. This location differs from the location in the six-membered ring observed for hydrated cations. The five-membered ring, however, represents a stable location of the bare cation. In this position any cation exhibits higher reactivity compared with the location in the six-membered ring and is well accessible by molecules adsorbed in the main channel of the zeolite. Calculated adsorption energies range from 4 to 87 kJ/mol, depending on electronegativity and ionic radius of the cation and the stability of the cation-zeolite complex. The largest adsorption energy is observed for Cu+ and the lowest for Al3+ integrated into the interstitial site of the zeolite framework. A linear dependence is observed between the stretching frequency and the bond length of the adsorbed H2 molecule. The capacity of the metal-exchanged zeolite to dissociate the H2 molecule does not correlate with the adsorption energy. Dissociation is not possible on single Cu+ cation. The best performance is observed for the Ga3+, Zn2+, and Al3+ extraframework cations, in good agreement with experimental data.     

Chemisorption and diffusion of hydrogen on surface and subsurface sites of flat and stepped nickel surfaces

Plane-wave density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the binding and diffusion of hydrogen on three flat Ni surfaces, Ni(100), Ni(110), and Ni(111), and two stepped Ni surfaces, Ni(210) and Ni(531). On each surface, the favored adsorption sites were identified by considering the energy and stability of various binding sites and zero-point energy corrections were computed. Binding energies are compared with experimental and theoretical results from the literature. Good agreement with experimental and previous theoretical data is found. At surface coverages where adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are relatively weak, the binding energy of H is similar on the five Ni surfaces studied. Favorable binding energies are observed for stable surface sites, while subsurface sites have unfavorable values relative to the gas phase molecular hydrogen. Minimum energy paths for hydrogen diffusion on Ni surfaces and into subsurface sites were constructed.     

Adsorption and dissociation of the methanethiol (CH3SH) molecule on the Fe(100) surface

These contributions explore interaction modes between the methanethoil (CH₃SH) molecule and the Fe(100) surface via implementing accurate density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the inclusion of van der Waals corrections. We consider three adsorption sites over the Fe(100) surface, namely, top(T), bridge (B), and hollow (H) sites as potential catalytic active sites for the molecular and dissociative adsorption of the CH₃SH molecule. The molecular adsorption structures are found to occupy either B or T sites with former sites holding higher stability by 0.17 eV. The inclusion of van der Waals corrections refound to slightly alter adsorption energies. For instance, adsorption energies increased by ~ 0.18 and ~ 0.21 eV for B and T structure, respectively, in reference to values obtained by the plain generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional. A stability ordering of the dissociation products was found to follow the sequence (CH₄, S) > (CH₃, S, H) > (─SCH_3, H) > (─CH₃, SH). The differential charge density distributions were examined to underpin prominent electronic contributing factors. Direct fission of C─S bond in the CH₃SH molecule attains exothermic values in the range 2.0 to 2.1 eV. The most energetically favorable sites for the surface-mediated fission of the thiol's S─H bond correspond to the structure where the ─SCH₃ and H are both situated on hollow sites with an adsorption energy of −2.43 eV. Overall, we found that inclusion of van der Waals functional to change the binding energies more noticeably in case of dissociative adsorption structures. The results presented herein should be instrumental in efforts that aim to design stand-alone Fe desulfurization catalysts.     

用分子动力学模拟水合物储氢

用分子动力学(MD)模拟方法系统研究了结构Ⅰ型(SⅠ)和结构H型(SH)氢气水合物中氢气的占据情况并确定了氢气水合物的稳定结构: SⅠ水合物氢气分子数小胞中为2, 大胞中为3; SH水合物氢气分子数小胞中为2, 中胞中为2, 大胞中为11. 分析了稳定情况下水合物各胞腔内氢气分子之间的径向分布函数(RDF), 得出了氢气分子在各胞腔内的稳定位置. 由稳定位置得到了稳定结构下氢气水合物的储氢质量分数: SⅠ为5.085%, SH为6.467%. 与实验对比得出结论: SH水合物稳定结构下的储氢能力最强.