超级电容器电极材料MnO_2纳米棒的制备及其电化学性能(英文)

以洋葱碳为还原剂,KMnO4为氧化剂,稀硫酸溶液为溶剂,采用水热法一步制备MnO2纳米棒.利用X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜分析了MnO2纳米棒的物相、结构、形貌;将MnO2纳米棒作为电极材料组装了超级电容器,采用电池测试系统测定了超级电容器的电化学性能.结果表明,所得到的产物为α-MnO2,其直径为5~10nm,长度为50~100nm;以MnO2纳米棒作为电极材料组装的超级电容器具有较高的比容量和稳定性,有望在超级电容器的研究和应用中得到推广.     

MnO_2/聚苯胺复合材料的电化学电容

以P123为模板剂,软模板法制备出纳米MnO2.酸性条件下引入苯胺并聚合,得到了MnO2/聚苯胺复合材料.X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征观察样品的结构、形貌.循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒电流充放电等测试MnO2/聚苯胺电极的电化学性能.结果表明:引入苯胺改变了样品纳米MnO2的形貌.MnO2/聚苯胺电极比容量高达190.8F·g-1,500次循环电极比容量仅衰减4.7%,库仑效率均保持在97%以上.     

低热固相法制备纳米MnO2/CNT超电容复合电极的循环稳定性

为了改善纳米MnO2超级电容器电极的充放电循环稳定性,以Mn(OAc)2·4H2O、NH4HCO3和碳纳米管(CNT)为原料,采用低热固相反应得到前驱体,再经焙烧和酸处理,制备了一系列CNT含量不同的纳米MnO2/CNT复合电极材料,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)比表面积测定方法对其进行了表征.XRD分析结果表明,复合材料中的MnO2为纳米γ-MnO2.研究了复合电极在1 mol·L-1 LiOH电解质中的电化学性能,并与不含CNT的纯纳米MnO2电极进行了比较.结果表明,含CNTs为10%(w,质最分数,下同)和20%的MnO2/CNT复合电极的循环稳定性远优于纯纳米MnO2电极的循环稳定性,其中含10%CNTs的MnO2/CNT复合电极不仪具有良好的循环稳定性,而且在1000 mA·g-1高倍率充放电条件下仍具有200 F·g-1的高比电容.     

铂纳米颗粒增强MnO2纳米棒对CO和挥发性有机化合物的氧化活性

通过水热法合成了纯相的α-MnO2和δ-MnO2纳米棒,并利用溶胶固定化工艺制备了负载铂纳米颗粒的Pt/MnO2材料.通过透射电镜(TEM),X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),N2吸附-脱附和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)技术研究了样品的微观结构和吸附活性位,探查了CO和挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)(苯和甲苯)在催化剂上的催化发光(CTL)性质.结果表明:铂颗粒在α-MnO2和δ-MnO2载体上以高分散状态存在,负载过程不会影响α-MnO2纳米棒的晶相结构,但会导致δ-MnO2纳米棒产生结构变化.经XPS证实不是Pt与其发生了反应.α-和δ-MnO2纳米棒对CO、苯和甲苯的催化氧化都具有很高的活性,δ-MnO2的活性略高于α-MnO2相.虽然N2吸附-脱附实验结果证实Pt负载会导致MnO2纳米棒比表面积的下降,但H2-TPR结果显示Pt和MnO2之间会产生强烈的相互作用,显著增强其催化活性,且Pt/δ-MnO2活性高于Pt/α-MnO2.催化氧化发光研究表明,这四种催化剂活性顺序是α-MnO2≤δ-MnO2相似文献   

谷胱甘肽修饰金纳米棒的制备及与Cu~(2+)的作用

制备了谷胱甘肽(GSH)功能化的金纳米棒复合材料,根据金纳米棒的等离子体吸收峰对其组装排列敏感的特性,研究了功能化的金纳米棒在不同p H值下的组装行为及与Cu2+离子作用后引起的聚集程度、排列方式和光学吸收等变化.同时,测试了纯金纳米棒和谷胱甘肽修饰的金纳米棒分别与铜离子作用后所得复合材料的光热转换性能.结果表明,相对于纯金纳米棒材料强的光热转换效应,铜离子能明显降低复合材料的光热转换效应,与其它金属离子比较,GSH修饰的金纳米棒的等离子光学特性对铜离子具有选择性的变化.     

互通多孔碳/二氧化锰纳米复合材料的原位水热合成及电化学性能

以互通多孔碳(IPC)为载体,水热条件下在碳表面原位反应生成纳米结构的二氧化锰(MnO2),制备互通多孔碳/二氧化锰纳米(IPC/MnO2)复合电极材料.采用扫描电镜(SEM),透射电镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD),热重分析(TGA)对其结构进行表征;采用循环伏安法、恒流充放电和交流阻抗对其电化学性能进行研究.结果表明:生成的MnO2均匀地负载在碳的表面,形成多层次结构,并且随着温度的升高IPC表面负载的MnO2由纳米颗粒变为纳米片状结构;MnO2纳米片具有典型的K-Birnessite型晶体结构;复合物中MnO2的含量约为34%(w).在100°C制备的IPC/MnO2复合材料在三电极系统中最高比电容达到了411 F·g-1;随着反应温度的升高,比容量先增长后基本保持不变.以IPC/MnO2为正极,活性炭(AC)为负极,1 mol·L-1Na2SO4溶液为电解液组装成IPC/MnO2//AC混合超级电容器,发现IPC/MnO2电极的电容器其电位窗口从1 V扩展到1.8 V,容量可达86F·g-1,且表现出良好的电容特性和大电流放电性能.     

一维纳米结构MnO2的微波合成及其电化学性能

以在水热条件下合成的纳米结构γ-MnOOH为前驱物, 以K2S2O8为氧化剂, 采用单模式微波加热法制备出一维纳米结构MnO2. 采用XRD和TEM等手段对样品进行了表征. 以在100 ℃下水热合成的γ-MnOOH纳米纤维为前驱物时, 制得α-MnO2纳米纤维; 以在150 ℃下水热合成的γ-MnOOH纳米棒为前驱物时, 制得β-MnO2纳米棒. 分别用α-MnO2纳米纤维和β-MnO2纳米棒作为Li/MnO2电池的正极材料进行恒电流放电实验, 研究结果显示, α-MnO2纳米纤维的放电容量为270.23 mA·h/g, β-MnO2纳米棒的放电容量为186.66 mA·h/g.     

ZnO模板法合成的MnO2纳米棒及其电容特性研究

以自制的 ZnO 纳米棒为模板合成了 MnO2 纳米棒.x-射线衍射、红外光谱和透射电镜等对产物成分、晶型结构及其形貌的分析结果表明,所得样品均为平均直径20nm左右、平均长度约180nm的α-MnO2 纳米棒.循环伏安和恒流充放电测试分析所得样品超级电容特性的结果表明,在 1mol/L Na2SO4 水溶液中,2mA...     

具有核壳结构的ZnO纳米棒@Ni-Co双氢氧化物复合物纳米片阵列的制备及其电化学性能

通过两步水热合成法制备了具有核壳结构的ZnO纳米棒@Ni-Co双氢氧化物复合材料纳米片阵列.首先,以碳布为基底,水热法生成的ZnO沉积在碳布上形成ZnO纳米棒花簇.其次,以ZnO纳米棒为模板,水热法生成的Ni-Co双氢氧化物纳米片沉积在ZnO纳米棒表面,形成ZnO纳米棒@Ni-Co双氢氧化物纳米片复合材料阵列.形貌、结构分析和电化学性能测试表明,以碳布为基底,成功地合成了以ZnO纳米棒为模板并具有核壳结构的ZnO纳米棒@Ni-Co双氢氧化物复合材料纳米片阵列,该复合材料纳米片阵列具有较大的纵横比,且分散均匀.合成的ZnO纳米棒@Ni-Co双氢氧化物复合材料纳米片阵列具有良好的电化学性能,当电流密度为1 A/g时,其比电容值可达531.6 F/g,该复合材料在超级电容器电极材料领域具有良好的应用前景.     

MnO_2/C复合材料的电化学电容特性研究

应用乙炔黑直接还原高锰酸钾制备MnO2/C复合材料.样品结构及性能由XRD和SEM表征.研究了MnO2/C电极(正极)在不同电解液中的法拉第"准电容行为",及其循环伏安、交流阻抗与恒电流充放电等性能.实验表明,MnO2/C复合材料具有良好的电化学电容特性.在1 mol/L的KOH电解液中和电流密度为5 mA/cm2下,MnO2/C复合材料的比电容量可达258 F/g,并表现出良好的循环性能.     

RAFT-mediated polystyrene-clay nanocomposites prepared by making use of initiator-bound MMT clay

The initiator 2,2′-azobis(2-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane)dihydrochloride monohydrate (VA060) was used to surface-modify sodium montmorillonite clay (Na-MMT). The obtained organically modified clay was then used as a macro-initiator in the preparation of polystyrene-clay nanocomposites by in situ free radical polymerization of styrene in bulk. The polymerization was carried out in the presence of various reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents: 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)dibenzenecarbodithioate (PCDBDCP), didodecyl-1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)bistrithiocarbonate (DCTBTCD) and 11-(((benzylthio)-carbonothioyl)thio)undecanoic acid (BCTUA). All of the nanocomposites prepared were found to have intercalated morphologies. In the absence of RAFT agents, typical uncontrolled free radical polymerization occurred, giving polystyrenes with high molar masses and high polydispersity indices. In contrast, when the polymerization was conducted in the presence of any of the RAFT agents, the polymerization was found to occur in a controlled manner, as the polystyrene-clay nanocomposites obtained contained polymer chains of narrow polydispersities. The influences of clay loading and molar mass on thermal stability of the polystyrene-clay nanocomposites were investigated. Increases in the clay loading or the molar masses resulted in improvement of the thermal stability of the nanocomposites.     

SiO2交联剂交联MMA聚合制备PMMA/SiO2纳米复合材料

用SiO2交联剂(SiO2HPA)交联甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)自由基聚合制备PMMA SiO2纳米复合材料。采用两步法将可聚合乙烯基单体以化学键的形式键接到SiO2表面合成SiO2交联剂,首先利用过量的甲苯2,4二异氰酸酯(TDI)对SiO2纳米粒子表面进行化学修饰合成出表面带有高反应活性NCO基团的功能化SiO2粒子(SiO2TDI),SiO2TDI与丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)反应合成SiO2交联剂。系统研究了MMA单体与SiO2交联剂投料比及聚合时间对聚合反应的影响。此外,利用红外光谱(FT IR)、DSC、TGA、可见光光谱仪等实验手段对纳米复合材料进行了表征分析。结果表明,纳米SiO2粒子在复合材料中起着物理交联点和化学交联点作用,复合材料玻璃化转变温度(Tg)明显地高于其纯PMMA的玻璃化转变温度,随着纳米SiO2粒子含量的增加,复合材料玻璃化温度升高,而透明度明显降低。     

Synthesis of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites by Direct In-situ Polymerization Catalysed by Exchanged Clay

Poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL) layered silicate nanocomposites have the advantage adding biocompatibility and biodegradability to the traditional properties of nanocomposites. They can be prepared by in situ ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone using conventional initiator to induce polymerization in the presence of an organophilic clay, such as organomodified montmorillonite. In this work, we have used an alternative method to prepare poly(e-caproilactone)/montmorillonite nanocomposites. The cationic polymerization of e -caprolactone was initiated directly by Maghnite-TOA, organomodified montmorillonite clay, to produce nanocomposites. Resulted nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), force atomic microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetry. The evolution of mechanical properties was also studied. Corrected by: Correction: Synthesis of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites by Direct In-situ Polymerization Catalysed by Exchanged Clay Vol. 247, Issue 1, page n/a, Article first publshed online: 1 AUG 20111; DOI 10.1002/masy.200750150     

Ternary Ag/Polyaniline/Au nanocomposites: Preparation,characterization and electrochemical properties

Ternary Ag/Polyaniline/Au nanocomposites were synthesized successfully by immobilizing of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of Ag/Polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites. Ag/PANI nanocomposites were prepared via in situ chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) capped silver colloidal NPs. Then, uniform gold (Au) NPs were assembled on the surface of resulted Ag/PANI nanocomposites through electrostatic interaction to get Ag/Polyaniline/Au nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Moreover, Ag/PANI/Au nanocomposites were immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode and showed enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of H₂O₂ compared with Ag/PANI.     

Magnetic ionic liquid‐assisted synthesis of polypyrrole/AgCl nanocomposites

The synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy)/AgCl nanocomposites with their size ranging around 70–100 nm are achieved by using magnetic ionic liquid as the oxidant in the interface polymerization system. The interface polymerization leads to the formation of uniform and unaggregated nanocomposites with a relatively narrow size distribution confined to submicrometer‐sized domains. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposites are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The potential application of PPy/AgCl nanocomposites as a H₂O₂ biosensor is also reported. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Erratum: Magnetic ionic liquid‐assisted synthesis of polypyrrole/AgCl nanocomposites     

PANI/AMTES-TiO2纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

首先用偶联剂苯胺基甲基三乙氧基硅烷(AMTES)对纳米TiO2进行表面修饰(AMTES-TiO2), 然后通过苯胺单体在AMTES-TiO2表面的原位化学氧化接枝聚合, 制备了基于共价键结合的聚苯胺(PANI)/AMTES-TiO2纳米复合光催化材料. 用红外光谱(FTIR), X射线衍射(XRD), 热重分析(TGA), 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis-DRS)和荧光发射光谱(PL)等技术对复合材料进行了表征. 以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物, 研究了PANI/AMTES-TiO2复合材料在太阳光和紫外光下的光催化性能. 结果表明:聚苯胺敏化拓宽了TiO2的光谱响应范围, 复合材料在紫外和可见光区都有较强的吸收, 提高了光能的利用率和光生载流子的分离效率, 使复合材料表现出较高的光催化活性; 苯胺与AMTES-TiO2的质量比(w)对复合材料的光催化活性有较大影响, 当w为0.025时, 复合材料在两种光源下的催化性能均优于TiO2和AMTES-TiO2.     

Preparation of waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites: Polymerization from functionalized hydroxyapatite

We report the preparation and characterization of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposites through in situ polymerization from functionalized HAp. The HAp nanoparticles (HAp NPs) were urethanated with 3-isocyanatemethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexylisocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate) to obtain grafted HAp NPs containing isocyanate groups (HAp-g-NCO) as crosslinkers and then the HAp-g-NCO is further polymerized with WBPU monomers to form the WBPU/HAp nanocomposites. The HAp NPs were homogeneously dispersed in the polyurethane matrix at low loading levels (?2.0 wt%), thus the mechanical strength and the elongation at break of the WBPU/HAp nanocomposites were significantly improved. Thermal stability and water resistance of the WBPU/HAp nanocomposites are also enhanced. These results suggest that the WBPU/HAp nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization hold the potential as new materials with improved mechanical properties, thermal stability and water resistance.     

Polypyrrole/γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanocomposites synthesized in supercritical fluid

Polypyrrole/iron oxide (PPy/γ-Fe₂O₃) nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of surface modified γ-Fe₂O₃ in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂). The structural properties of nanocomposite particles thus obtained were characterized by FT-IR, thermal analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that ca. 50 nm γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were well dispersed in PPy powder in TEM pictures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis also support that all γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles are encapsulated by PPy. Magnetic property of the nanocomposites was measured by SQUID, which indicated that the nanocomposites are superparamagnetic. The effects of different loadings of γ-Fe2O3 on the polymerization were also investigated.     

Preparation, Characterization and Magnetic Properties of PANI/La-substituted LiNi Ferrite Nanocomposites

Magnetic nanocomposites containing polyaniline （PANI）-coated La-substituted LiNi ferrite （LiNi0.5La0.02Fe1.98O4） were synthesized by in situ polymerization in aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid. The nanocomposites exhibited the magnetic hysteresis nature under applied magnetic field. The saturation magnetization （Ms） and coercivity （Hc） varied with the ferrite content. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, UV-Visible spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）. TEM and SEM studies showed that the nanocomposites present the core-shell structure. The results of XRD patterns, FT-IR and UV-Visible spectra indicated the formation of PANI-LiNi0.5La0.002Fe1.98O4 nanocomposites and showed that the interaction existed between PANI backbone and ferrite particles in the nanocomposites. The bonding mechanism in the nanocomposites has been proposed.     

Conducting polyaniline-rutile TiO2 nanocomposites for the development of high-k dielectric materials

Inorganic dielectrics encapsulated in an organic matrix are showing excellent promise as novel dielectric materials. In this work, firstly highly organized crystalline nanoparticles of rutile TiO₂ were synthesized by acid hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide at room temperature. Then we developed a novel dielectric material consisting of highly organized rutile TiO₂/polyaniline (PAni) nanocomposites by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The structural, morphological, conducting, and dielectric properties of the rutile TiO₂/PAni nanoparticles have been evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution-transmission emission microscopy (HR-TEM), four-point probe technique, CV (Capacitance versus Voltage), and Impedance analyzer. The nanocomposites show 70 times higher permittivity compared to rutile nanoparticles and much higher compared to anatase/PAni (ES) nanocomposites at 10 MHz. Large interfacial polarizations, nanostructure, and dopant levels are the key factors for the large dielectric constant of the nanocomposites. The rutile/PAni (ES) nanocomposites might see potential uses in super-capacitors, gate dielectric in transistors, and capacitive-type gas sensors.