溶剂热法制备立方状ITO粉体及其电性能

以乙二醇、乙醇为溶剂通过溶剂热法制备出立方状ITO纳米粉体,研究了反应时间、NaOH浓度对ITO纳米粉体形貌的影响,并讨论了溶剂体积比、NaOH浓度对ITO粉体导电性的影响及机理。结果表明:采用乙二醇与乙醇做溶剂,V_(EG)∶V_(EtOH)=4∶1时,制备出分散性良好的立方状ITO纳米粉体,平均粒径为10.7 nm,且其XRD衍射峰强度比I_(400)/I_(222)最高为0.380;乙二醇与乙醇做溶剂,V_(EG)∶V_(EtOH)=4∶1,且NaOH浓度为0.275 mol·L~(-1)时,粉体电导率最高为46.75 mS·cm~(-1)。     

1, 3-双(2-(2,2-二氰乙烯基)苯氧基)-2-丙醇及其银(Ⅰ)配合物的合成、晶体结构及其荧光性质

用1, 3-双( 2-甲酰基苯氧基)-2-丙醇和丙二腈进行反应得到1, 3-双(2-(2,2-二氰乙烯基)苯氧基)-2-丙醇配体L,然后将配体与AgSbF₆进行配位反应,得到配合物 [AgLSbF₆]_n·nCHC_l3(1),并用元素分析, FTIR和X-射线单晶衍射进行了表征。结果表明,配体L属于单斜晶系,空间群P2₁/n,晶体学参数:a=0.990 2(11) nm, b=2.181(2) nm, c=1.012 2(11) nm, β=109.374(10)°, V=2.062(4) nm³, Z=4, D_c=1.277 g·cm^-3, M_r=396.40, μ=0.087 mm^-1, F(000)=824, R₁=0.064 2, wR₂=0.117 4(I>2σ(I))。配合物1属于单斜晶系,空间群 P2₁/n,晶体学参数:a=1.270 57(11) nm, b=1.456 44(13) nm, c=1.669 85(14) nm, β=105.643(3)°, V=2.975 6(4) nm 3, Z=4, D_c=1.918 g·cm^-3, M_r=859.39, μ=1.907 mm^-1, F(000)=1 664, R₁=0.0417, wR₂=0.1 032(I>2σ(I))。在配合物1中,配体L表现为四齿配体分别与4个银(Ⅰ)离子配位,同时,每一个银(Ⅰ)离子与4个相邻配体配位形成2D层状结构。同时,研究了配体和配合物的固体荧光性质。     

芳基四硫富瓦烯与碘电荷转移复合物的合成及其晶体结构

采用缓慢挥发溶剂的方法合成了硫原子桥联芳基取代四硫富瓦烯（Ar-S-TTF）与碘的3种电荷转移复合物（1^+·）（I₃）·I₂、（2^+·）（I₅）·I₂和（3²⁺）（I₃）₂,采用单晶X射线衍射、紫外可见光谱、循环伏安对其进行了表征。复合物（1^+·）（I₃）·I₂为C2/c空间群,1^+·呈椅式构型。化合物1与碘之间在溶液中和复合物中电荷转移一致。复合物（2^+·）（I₅）·I₂为P1空间群,2^+·呈椅式构型。复合物（3²⁺）（I₃）₂为Pbca空间群,3²⁺呈独特的平面构型。化合物2和3与碘之间在溶液中和复合物中呈现不同的电荷转移。复合物中聚碘阴离子呈现不同的堆积结构：由I₃^-或I₅^-/I₂组成的一维链状和I₃^-/I₂组成的二维网格状。     

芳基四硫富瓦烯与碘电荷转移复合物的合成及其晶体结构

采用缓慢挥发溶剂的方法合成了硫原子桥联芳基取代四硫富瓦烯(Ar-S-TTF)与碘的3种电荷转移复合物(1^+·)(I₃)·I₂、(2^+·)(I₅)·I₂和(3²⁺)(I₃)₂,采用单晶X射线衍射、紫外可见光谱、循环伏安对其进行了表征。复合物(1^+·)(I₃)·I₂为C2/c空间群,1^+·呈椅式构型。化合物1与碘之间在溶液中和复合物中电荷转移一致。复合物(2^+·)(I₅)·I₂为P1空间群,2^+·呈椅式构型。复合物(3²⁺)(I₃)₂为Pbca空间群,3²⁺呈独特的平面构型。化合物2和3与碘之间在溶液中和复合物中呈现不同的电荷转移。复合物中聚碘阴离子呈现不同的堆积结构：由I₃^-或I₅^-/I₂组成的一维链状和I₃^-/I₂组成的二维网格状。     

以4,4-联苯二甲酸和咪唑基化合物为配体的钴配合物的合成和晶体结构

以4,4-联苯二甲酸(H₂BPDC)和4,4-二咪唑基二苯醚(BIDPE)为原料,与硝酸钴在不同温度下反应,得到2个结构不同的配位聚合物{[Co₂(BPDC)₂(BIDPE)₂(H₂O)]·2H₂O}_n(1)和{[Co(BPDC)(BIDPE)]·H₂O}_n(2)。对它们进行了元素分析、红外光谱分析,并利用X射线衍射测定了它们的单晶结构。配合物1属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,a=1.45602(15) nm, b=1.55751(16) nm, c=2.5226(3) nm, β=90.8340(10)°, V=5.7202(10) nm³, Z=4, M_r=1256.98, D_c=1.460 g·cm^-3, μ=0.655, F(000)=2592, R₁=0.0367, ωR₂=0.0875(I>2σ(I))。配合物2属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,a=1.06192(10) nm, b=1.09851(11) nm, c=1.32451(13) nm, α=112.7250(10) nm, β=92.1120(10)°, γ=96.5740(10)°, V=1.4102(2) nm³, Z=2, M_r=619.48, D_c=1.459 g·cm^-3, μ=0.662, F(000)=638, R₁=0.0474, ωR₂=0.1165(I>2σ(I))。单晶结构分析显示,配合物1拥有一维链状结构,而配合物2具有二维两重贯穿结构,并表现出聚轮烷的结构特征。结果说明了反应温度在配合物组装过程中起着非常重要的作用。     

两个基于四氮唑衍生物的配位聚合物的合成

在水热条件下,5-(4-吡啶基)四氮唑(4-PTZ)分别与氯化锌和氯化镉反应,得到2个基于此配体的配位聚合物,它们的分子式分别为{[Zn(4-PTZ)₂Cl₂]·4H₂O}n(1)和{[Cd₃(4-PTZ)₂(H₂O)₂Cl₆]·3H₂O}n(2),且表现出不同的配位模式.这2个化合物均结晶在单斜晶系,化合物1的晶胞参数分别为:a=0.69175(8)nm;b=2.6688(3)nm;c=1.12266(12)nm;β=93.5350(10)°;V=2.0687(4)nm³;Z=4;R₁=0.0318(I>2σ(I));wR₂=0.0829;空间群为P2₁/n.化合物2的晶胞参数分别为:a=1.89713(13)nm;b=1.05579(7)nm;c=1.44649(10)nm;β=102.4890(10)°;V=2.8287(3)nm³;Z=4;R₁=0.0262(I>2σ(I));wR₂=0.1343;空间群为C₂/c.通过元素分析、红外光谱分析和热重分析对该化合物进行了表征,另外荧光测定结果显示化合物1和2的固态粉末在室温下均表现出较强的紫外荧光发射特性.     

(μ-FcC≡CH)Co2(CO)6簇合物羰基取代衍生物的合成和分子结构

The substituted reactions of (μ-FcC≡CH)Co₂(CO)₆ with PPh₃, AsPh₃ and dppm have been studied and three new substituted derivatives have been obtained. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, MS and X-ray crystallography. They have the following formula: (μ-FcC≡CH)Co₂(CO)_6-nL[n=1, L=PPh₃（2）, AsPh₃（3）; n=2, L=dppm (4)]. The cluster 2 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, with a=1.342 4(8) nm, b=1.305 4(8) nm, c=1.875 0(9) nm, β=103.084(9)°, V=3.201(3) nm³, Z=4, F(000)=1 480, D_c=1.515 g·cm^-3, μ=15.62 cm^-1; final R indices [I > 2σ(I)]: R₁=0.040 9, ωR₂=0.076 9; S=1.007, Δρ_max=463e·nm^-3, Δρ_min=-395 e·nm^-3. The cluster 3 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, with a=1.341 0(4) nm, b=1.307 9(4) nm, c=1.912 0(5) nm, β=103.043(5)°, V=3.267(15) nm³, Z=4, F(000)=1 552, D_c=1.574 g·cm^-3, μ=24.87 cm^-1; final R indices[I> 2σ（I）]：R₁=0.0437, ωR₂=0.078 2; S=0.995, Δρ_max=530 e·nm^-3, Δρ_min=-444 e·nm^-3. CCDC: 221860, 2; 221863, 3.     

K2CdSnS4的溶剂热合成与晶体结构

利用溶剂热法合成了层状硫代锡(Ⅲ)酸镉(Ⅱ)化合物K₂CdSnS₄。单晶X-射线衍射分析结果表明,化合物属单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,a=1.1021(5)nm,b=1.1030(5)nm,c=1.5151(10)nm,α=90°,β=100.416(12)°,γ=90°,V=1.8114(17)nm³,Z=8,D_c=3.209g·cm^-3,M_r=437.60,μ=6.853mm^-1,F(000)=1600,λ=0.071073nm,R=0.1042,wR=0.2008。该化合物由类金刚烷[Cd₂Sn₂S₁₀]^8-结构单元互相连接形成层状结构。紫外-可见漫反射光谱研究表明,化合物为半导体,带隙为2.2eV。     

一种新颖一维铅碘聚合物[(Pb2I5)(L-H+)·2DMF]n (L=Piperazine)的自组装合成和晶体结构(英)

The lead iodide adduct [(Pb₂I₅)(L-H⁺)·2DMF]_n(L=piperazine) has been prepared by self-assembly and structurally characterized. It presents one dimensional structure and crystallizes in Triclinic, P1 space group with the crystal cell parameter: a=0.922 06(18) nm, b=1.237 5(3) nm, c=1.297 2(3) nm, α=99.05(3)°, β=102.98(3)°, γ=105.30(3)°, and V=1.353 8(6) nm³, Z=2, D_c=3.078 Mg·m^-3, μ(Mo Kα)=18.127 mm^-1, F(000)=1 085, chemical formula C₁₆H₄₃N₈O₄Pb₄I₁₀ and M_r=2 509.39, the final R=0.053 3 and wR=0.146 4 for 3 889 observed reflections with I>2σ(I). CCDC: 250760.     

两个基于双(4-吡啶-4-苯基)胺的钴(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)配合物的合成和晶体结构

以双(4-吡啶-4-苯基)胺(BPPA)和4,4-(六氟)双(苯甲酸)(H₂hfipbb)或对苯二甲酸(p-H₂bdc)为配体,采用溶剂热法与M(NO₃)₂·6H₂O(M=Co、Zn)组装合成了2个新的配合物{[Co₂(BPPA)(hfipbb)₂·(H₂O)₃]·6H₂O}_n(1)、{[Zn₂(BPPA)₂(p-bdc)₂]·H₂O·DMF}_n(2),X射线单晶衍射测定结果表明:配合物1和2均为二维结构。配合物1具有新的拓扑结构。配合物2的二维结构又可以组成三维框架结构。配合物1为正交晶系,Pnna空间群,a=2.6409(2) nm,b=1.71578(13) nm,c=1.50411(11) nm,V=6.8154(9) nm³,Z=4,μ=0.571 mm^-1,F(000)=2592,D_c=1.245 g·cm^-3,M_r=1383.76,R₁=0.0666,ωR₂=0.2089(I>2σ(I));配合物2为单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,a=2.79670(9) nm,b=1.81482(6) nm,c=2.30313(7) nm,β=102.1360(10)°,V=11.4283(6) nm³,Z=8,μ=0.906 mm^-1,F(000)=4944,D_c=1.391 g·cm^-3,M_r=1196.85,R₁=0.0398,ωR₂=0.1064(I>2σ(I))。此外,热重分析表明配合物1和2均具有良好的热稳定性。     

Molecular interactions and structures in ethylene glycol-ethanol and ethylene glycol-water solutions at 303 K on densities, viscosities, and refractive indices data

Molecular interactions and structural fittings in binary ethylene glycol + ethanol (EGE, x _EG = 0.4111–0.0418) and ethylene glycol + water (EGW, x _EG = 0.1771–0.0133) mixtures were studied through the measurement of densities (ρ), viscosities (η), and refractive indices (n _D ) at 303.15 K. Excess viscosities (η ^E ), molar volumes (V _m ), excess molar volumes (V _m ^E ), and molar retractions (R _M ) of the both binary systems were computed from measured properties. The measured and computed properties have been used to understand the molecular interactions in unlike solvents and structural fittings in these binary mixtures.     

声化学辅助溶剂热合成高光催化性能的BiOCl光催化剂

以五水硝酸铋和氯化钠为原料,乙二醇(EG)和水作溶剂,通过声化学辅助溶剂热法合成了系列BiOCl纳米晶光催化剂。应用氮气物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射(DRS)和光电流等测试手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征。在汞灯和氙灯照射下,以苯酚和甲基橙为水体模型污染物,系统考察了超声辐射时间和醇水比(V_EG/V_H2O)对BiOCl光催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,当超声辐射时间为60 min,V_EG/V_H2O=1/4时,合成的BiOCl表现出最佳的光催化活性,为常规沉淀法制备的BiOCl的3.3倍。活性提高的主要原因是,适当时间的超声波辐射和醇水比有利于催化剂比表面积的提高,同时可以丰富催化剂表面羟基(-OH)的数量和提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率。     

Association behavior of one-end hydrophobically modified poly[<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis><Superscript>5</Superscript>-(2-hydroxyethyl) <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-glutamine] in water/ethylene glycol mixed solvent

Amphiphilic polymers Cn-PHEG consisting of water-soluble poly[N ⁵-2-(hydroxyethyl) l-glutamine] (PHEG) and hydrophobic alkyl chain (carbon number n = 12, 14, 16, or 18) attached at the PHEG terminal was prepared, and association behavior and structure of associate for Cn-PHEG in selective solvent (water/ethylene glycol mixed solvent) have been investigated. α-Helix content of PHEG block for all the polymers increased with weight fraction of ethylene glycol in the mixed solvent (W _EG). By light scattering measurements, formation of a small micelle was suggested for C14-, C16-, and C18-PHEG when W _EG = 0. With the increase in W _EG, appearance of a larger associate was revealed for C16- and C18-PHEG. Evaluated molecular weight and radius of gyration suggested that the micelle is star-like sphere when W _EG = 0 and worm-like cylinder when W _EG = 0.7. C12-PHEG did not demonstrate any distinct micellization behavior because of the weak hydrophobicity of C12 chain.     

声化学辅助溶剂热合成高光催化性能的BiOCl光催化剂

以五水硝酸铋和氯化钠为原料,乙二醇(EG)和水作溶剂,通过声化学辅助溶剂热法合成了系列BiOCl纳米晶光催化剂。应用氮气物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射(DRS)和光电流等测试手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征。在汞灯和氙灯照射下,以苯酚和甲基橙为水体模型污染物,系统考察了超声辐射时间和醇水比(VEG/VH2O)对BiOCl光催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,当超声辐射时间为60 min,VEG/VH2O=1/4时,合成的BiOCl表现出最佳的光催化活性,为常规沉淀法制备的BiOCl的3.3倍。活性提高的主要原因是,适当时间的超声波辐射和醇水比有利于催化剂比表面积的提高,同时可以丰富催化剂表面羟基(-OH)的数量和提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率。     

Molecular dynamics of polystyrene model molecules: Solvent effects on intramolecular excimer formation in 2,4-diphenylpentanes

Intramolecular excimer formation in 2,4-diphenylpentanes has been examined in a homologous series of alkanes, in ethanol and in mixtures of ethanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol. The ratio of the emission intensities of dimer and monomer (I_D/I_M) is not affected in low viscosity solvents but, above 4 cP, viscosity effects are discernible and a relationship of the form I_D/I_M = Aη^?2 is obeyed. In methylene chloride, only the dl molecule exhibits a decrease of the efficiency of excimer sampling. The temperature dependence of I_D/I_M in isooctane and methylene chloride has been interpreted in terms of the activation energy of the excimer sampling.     

Dispersion of carbon nanotubes by the branched block copolymer Tetronic 1107 in an alcohol–water solution

The dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by the branched block copolymer Tetronic 1107 was investigated in mixed solvents consisting of water and one of the following alcohols: ethanol, n-propanol, ethylene glycol (EG), or glycerol (GLY). The maximum concentration of dispersed CNTs (C _limit) and the optimum T1107 concentration (C _opt) to disperse the maximum amount of CNTs in different solvents were obtained from UV–vis–NIR absorbance spectra. The addition of ethanol or n-propanol to water dramatically increases the C _limit. The value of C _opt follows the order: n-propanol–water?>?ethanol–water?>?EG–water?≈?GLY–water mixtures. I _D/I _G was used to characterize the defect density of CNTs dispersed in the mixed solvents, which was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The I _D/I _G values in n-propanol–water and ethanol–water mixtures are higher than those in EG–water and GLY–water mixtures. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy is used to confirm a favorable dispersion in the presence of different alcohols.     

Effect of Ethylene Glycol on the Molecular Organization of H2O in Comparison with Methanol and Glycerol: A Calorimetric Study

Excess partial molar enthalpies of ethylene glycol, H ^E _EG, in binary ethylene glycol–H₂O, and those of 1-propanol, H ^E _IP, in ternary 1-propanol–ethylene glycol (or methanol)–H₂O were determined at 25°C. From these data, the solute–solute interaction functions, H ^E _EG–EG = N(H ^E _EG/n _EG) and H ^E _1P–1P = N(H ^E _1P/n _1P), were calculated by graphical differentiation without resorting to curve fitting. Using these, together with the partial molar volume data, the effect of ethylene glycol on the molecular organization of H₂O was investigated in comparison with methanol and glycerol. We found that there are three concentration regions, in each of which the mixing scheme is qualitatively different from the other regions. Mixing scheme III operative in the solute-rich region is such that the solute molecules are in a similar situation as in the pure state, most likely in clusters of its own kind. Mixing scheme II, in the intermediate region, consists of two kinds of clusters each rich in solute and in H₂O, respectively. Thus, the bond percolation nature of the hydrogen bond network of liquid H₂O is lost. Mixing scheme I is a progressive modification of liquid H₂O by the solute, but the basic characteristics of liquid H₂O are still retained. In particular, the bond percolation of the hydrogen bond network is still intact. Similar to glycerol, ethylene glycol participates in the hydrogen bond network of H₂O via-OH groups, and reduces the global average of the hydrogen bond probability and the fluctuations inherent in liquid H₂O. In contrast to glycerol, there is also a sign of a weak hydrophobic effect caused by ethylene glycol. However, how these hydrophobic and hydrophilic effects of ethylene glycol work together in modifying the molecular organization of H₂O in mixing scheme I is yet to be elucidated.     

Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by ruthenium complexes with iodide promoters: catalytic and mechanistic investigations

Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into organic products, including methanol, ethylene glycol, and ethanol, by halide-promoted ruthenium catalysts in organic solvents. Iodide salts are exceptionally good promoters for this system. Spectroscopic and reaction studies have shown that two ruthenium complexes, HRu₃(CO)₁₁^? and Ru(CO)₃I₃^?, are present during catalysis and essential for optimum activity. Possible roles for the involvement of these complexes in catalysis are considered.     

Defect‐Free Mixed‐Matrix Membranes with Hydrophilic Metal‐Organic Polyhedra for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Separation

Defect‐free mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared by incorporating hydrophilic metal‐organic polyhedra (MOPs) into cross‐linked polyethylene oxide (XLPEO) for efficient CO₂ separation. Hydrophilic MOPs with triethylene glycol pendant groups, which were assembled by 5‐tri(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether isophthalic acid and Cu^II ions, were uniformly dispersed in XLPEO without particle agglomeration. Compared to conventional neat XLPEO, the homogenous dispersion of EG₃‐MOPs in XLPEO enhanced CO₂ permeability of MMMs. Upon increasing the amount of EG₃‐MOPs, the membrane performance such as CO₂/N₂ selectivity was steadily improved because of unsaturated Cu^II sites at paddle‐wheel units, which was confirmed by Cu K‐edge XANES and TPD analysis. Therefore, such defect‐free MMMs with unsaturated metal sites would contribute to enhance CO₂ separation performance.