Gd5Si2Ge2相的线状缺陷

使用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)表征了电弧炉熔炼的Gd5Si2Ge2.2合金的相组成,结果表明Gd5Si2Ge2.2合金主要由Gd5Si2Ge2相和GdGe相构成。扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,Gd5Si2Ge2晶粒内部有大量规则分布的线状特征;透射电镜(TEM)研究发现了Gd5Si2Ge2相的基体上存在两种不同形态的线条组织,选区电子衍射证明两种不同形态的线条组织既非第二相也非孪晶;根据高温原位金相观察的结果推测,该线状组织是在液-固相变过程中形成的。     

聚苯乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷嵌段共聚物的表面形态研究

采用原子力显微镜(AFM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了聚苯乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷嵌段共聚物(PS-b-PDMS)薄膜的相形态.结果表明,当采用甲苯作为溶剂,旋转涂膜的薄膜样品呈现网络状的形态分布在表面,而样品所对应的透射电镜照片中,PDMS相作为球状分布在PS的连续相中.退火温度对共聚物表面形态有一定的影响,当退火温度高于PDMS的玻璃化温度,表面中PDMS相增多.PS-b-PDMS嵌段共聚物的表面形态随着所用溶剂的变化而有所不同,当采用甲苯作为溶剂时,样品的PS相形成凹坑分布在PDMS的相区之中,而采用环己烷作为溶剂时,PS相作为突起分布在PDMS相区之中.另外,基底对共聚物薄膜表面形态的有较大的影响,当采用硅晶片作为基底时,样品中的PDMS相和PS相呈现近似平行于表面的层状结构.     

电弧熔炼过程中LaFe_(13-x)Si_x合金的凝固组织和相形成研究

研究了电弧熔炼过程中LaFe13-xSix合金的凝固行为。应用XRD和扫描电镜分析了合金组织相组成和结构。结果表明:电弧熔炼铸锭随温度梯度出现分层;La(Fe,Si)13(简称:1∶13)相是包晶反应生成的,冷速和硅含量变化对合金的凝固行为有很大的影响,当Si含量x≤1.0时合金显微组织由α-(Fe,Si)相和共晶相La Fe Si(简称:1∶1∶1)相组成,α-(Fe,Si)(简称:α-Fe)相为主要相,随硅含量增加1∶1∶1相增多;x≥1.5时由α-Fe相、1∶13相和1∶1∶1相组成;随x增加1∶13相为主要相,1∶1∶1相减少;当x≥2.0时显微组织中1∶13相作为初生相析出,且随温度梯度和硅含量变化1∶13相的形貌不同。     

环戊二烯掺杂乙烷桥联有序介孔材料的制备、表征及应用

 以单硅酯 (2-(环戊基-1,3-二烯基) 乙基) 三乙氧基硅烷 (TEECp) 和含有亚乙基桥键的硅酯 1,2-二 (三乙氧基硅基) 乙烷为硅源, 以三嵌段共聚物 P123 为模板剂, 通过调节 TEECp 预水解时间, 采用共聚法合成了环戊二烯掺杂乙烷桥联材料 (Cp-PMO), 并采用小角 X 射线衍射、N2 物理吸附、透射电镜、红外光谱和热重等技术对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 环戊二烯基被成功引入到乙烷桥联材料中, 所得 Cp-PMO 样品具有高度有序的二维六方介孔孔道, 热稳定性较高; 随着材料中环戊二烯含量的增加, 其有序性降低, 孔径、比表面积和孔体积均有所减小, 孔壁逐渐增厚. 在乙酸乙酯与正丁醇的酯交换反应中, Cp-PMO 样品表现出较高的催化活性. 当该样品中环戊二烯含量为 30% 时, 乙酸乙酯转化率和乙酸丁酯收率分别可达 19.3% 和 10.6%.     

锰的硅化物薄膜在Si(111)-7×7表面的固相反应生长

利用超高真空扫描隧道显微镜(STM)对沉积在Si(111)-7×7重构表面上的锰薄膜在300-650℃之间的固相反应进行了研究.锰原子最初在Si(111)衬底上形成锰的纳米团簇的有序阵列,经过300℃退火后,锰纳米团簇的尺寸增大并且纳米团簇阵列由有序变为无序;当退火温度达到400℃左右时,锰纳米团簇与硅衬底发生反应生成富锰的三维岛状物和由MnSi构成的平板状岛;500℃退火后生成物全部转变为MnSi平板状岛;650℃退火后生成物则由MnSi平板状岛全部转变为富硅的不规则的大三维岛,同时被破坏的衬底表面重新结晶形成7×7结构.     

不同硅铝比β沸石的理化性质及烃类催化裂化活性

采用润湿态固相转化方法按照投料硅铝摩尔比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3))分别为30、60、150、300、500和纯硅时合成了β沸石, 化学法和X射线荧光(XRF)测定产物的硅铝比和反应初始凝胶基本一致. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)和低温N2吸附对系列样品的物相、水热稳定性、晶体形貌、酸性以及表面积和孔体积做了系统的表征. 并将该系列样品作为活性组分添加剂, 以高岭土为基质分别制备烃类裂化催化剂, 对其催化裂化性能进行了评价. 结果表明, 不同硅铝比β沸石添加到裂化催化剂均可以提高其裂化活性, 改善催化剂的抗积炭性能, 硅铝比为150的β沸石催化剂在保持较高裂化活性的前提下, 汽油收率最高, 抗积炭性能也较好, 是优选的裂化催化材料.     

不同功能化基团修饰的硅壳纳米颗粒分散性研究

采用反相微乳液体系中功能化基团同步修饰(油相修饰)以及反相微乳液制备纳米颗粒后再通过功能化基团后续修饰(水相修饰)的方法分别制备了纯硅壳纳米颗粒(SiNP)、氨基化硅壳纳米颗粒(NSiNP)、羧基化硅壳纳米颗粒(CSiNP)和聚乙二醇硅壳纳米颗粒(PSiNP). 通过沉降时间和离心速度观察了不同方法获得的不同功能化基团修饰的硅壳纳米颗粒在水中的分散及稳定性, 并采用激光粒度仪、透射电子显微镜对分散效果进行了分析. 结果表明, 采用同一修饰方法分别制备的纳米颗粒在水中的分散及稳定性顺序是CSiNP≥PSiNP>SiNP>NSiNP; 油相修饰法获得的CSiNP和PSiNP的分散性要优于水相修饰法获得的. PSiNP和CSiNP在Hela细胞表面的非特异性吸附非常小, 而NSiNP却显示了强烈的细胞非特异性吸附.     

有机官能化介孔硅基材料负载纳米金催化剂的制备及其催化性能

一步合成了桥键嵌入二硫醚官能化介孔硅基材料(PMO-SBA-15),利朋介孔硅基材料孔道内表面的二硫醚基团捕获纳米金(Au)粒子的作用,获得了负载型纳米Au催化剂(Au-PMO-SBA-15).小角X射线衍射和低温N2吸附-脱附的结果表明,PMO-SBA-15和Au-PMO-SBA-15均保持典型的介孔结构;高分辨透射电镜观察到纳米Au粒子在载体孔道内分散均匀,甲均粒径为(2.2±0.2)nm.以70%的叔丁基过氧化氧水溶液为氧化剂,考察了纳米Au催化剂Au-PMO-SBA-15在苯甲醇氧化反应中的催化性能.结果表明,当反应温度为353 K、反应时间为5 h时,苯甲醇的转化率为29.1%,苯甲醛的选择性为100%,且催化剂重复使用7次其催化活性和苯甲醛选择性基奉不变.     

乙烯基Ia3d介孔硅分子筛的环氧化及其固定化青霉素酰化酶(英文)

采用直接共聚法合成表面含有乙烯基的具有立方相Ia3d结构的介孔硅分子筛(V-ClMS),然后对乙烯基团进行环氧化制备得到表面环氧基功能化的介孔硅分子筛(E-CIMS),采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜、热重分析和13C固体核磁共振对制备的介孔硅分子筛进行了表征.结果表明,表面含有乙烯基的V-ClMS介孔硅分子筛能被一步成功合成,并易于发生环氧化而获得表面环氧基功能化的E-CIMS介孔硅分子筛.将E-CIMS介孔硅分子筛作为载体用于固定化青霉素G酰化酶(PGA),研究了表面环氧基团对固定化PGA初活性和操作稳定性的影响.结果表明,随着表面环氧基团数量的增加,介孔硅分子筛孔径减小,表面疏水性增加,导致载酶量和初活性减小.但介孔硅分子筛表面适量的环氧基团能增强E-CIMS介孔硅分子筛与PGA之间的相互作用,从而提高固定化PGA的操作稳定性.     

微介孔复合分子筛合成及其在汽车冷启动尾气控制中的应用

分别采用稀溶液和浓溶液双模板剂两步水热合成法,以二氧化硅微硅粉和铝酸钠为硅源和铝源,第一步获得β分子筛晶种,第二步以β分子筛晶种为结构单元组装形成兼具MCM-41分子筛和β分子筛结构特点的复合型分子筛β/M(其中β是指β分子筛,M是指MCM-41介孔分子筛).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、氮气吸附(BET)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对样品的物相结构和微观形貌进行了表征,并对复合分子筛的合成过程进行了分析.结果表明:复合分子筛β/M的形成是微孔β结构和介孔MCM-41结构的竞争生长过程,β分子筛晶种的晶化时间和晶粒度大小对β/M复合分子筛的结构有重要影响.此外,我们以甲苯为探针分子,比较研究了三类分子筛β/M、MCM-41和β的原样以及经高温水热处理后样品的吸附性能,结果表明:β/M复合分子筛的热稳定性优于介孔分子筛MCM-41,其甲苯吸附容量比MCM-41和β分子筛的高,其中以浓溶液法合成的复合分子筛吸附容量最高.     

Electron microscopy studies of potassium sodium niobate ceramics.

Using electron microscopy, K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) ceramics sintered at 1030 degrees C for 8 h and 1100 degrees C for 2 and 24 h was studied. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectrometry revealed that the materials consisted of a matrix phase in which the (Na+K)/Nb ratio corresponded closely to the nominal composition and a small amount of Nb-rich secondary phase. A bimodal microstructure of cube-shaped grains was revealed in the fracture and thermally-etched surfaces of the KNN. In the ceramics sintered at 1100 degrees C, the larger grains (up to 30 mum across), contained angular trapped pores. The transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the crystal planes of the grains bordering the intragranular pore faces were of the {100} family with respect to the simple perovskite cell. Ferroelectric domains were observed in the grains of this material.     

固载型光化学传感器的形貌及结构对检测Hg2+性能的影响

采用氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)、异氰酸酯基三乙氧基硅烷(Tri)及纳米金颗粒作为连接体,纯硅中孔分子筛HMS作为无机载体,以分子改造后的染料罗丹明B(RhB)作为有机分子,制得3种固载型光化学传感器,用于检测水中的Hg2+.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N2物理吸附和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对材料进行表征,并利用荧光光谱检测水溶液中的Hg2+.结果表明,3种连接体均成功地将有机分子RhB固载到HMS上,所制备的固载型光化学传感器均能够检测水溶液中的Hg2+.研究发现,固载后样品的表面形貌及孔道结构对其检测能力产生影响,具有完好表面形貌及孔道结构的样品RhB-Au-HMS对于Hg2+的检测能力最强,内部孔道坍塌的样品RhB-APTES-HMS对于Hg2+的检测能力最弱.     

Morphology and crystallinity of particles formed from dilute solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol-b-acrylonitrile), poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyacrylonitrile

The morphology of agglomerates and particles of poly(vinyl alcohol-b-acrylonitrile), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) formed from their dilute solutions and the variation of the morphology with the composition of the block copolymers were examined using transmission electron microscopy. The crystalline nature of these particles was studied by an electron diffraction method. Electron diffraction for copolymers containing AN lower than 30 wt% mainly showed a single-crystal diffraction pattern of the PVA component. With the copolymer containing 38.90 wt% AN, a mixed pattern of a blend of PVA polycrystal and PAN polycrystal as well as a PVA single-crystal pattern were simultaneously observed.     

Effect of Support Calcination Temperature on Ag Structure and Catalytic Activity for CO Oxidation

SiO₂ with different nanostructures, namely hexagonal mesoporous silica(HMS), and three unordered commercial silica, were used as supports to fabricate silver catalysts using an incipient wetness impregnation method. It was found that Ag/HMS catalyst showed a high catalytic activity. Next, the HMS support was calcined at different temperatures before impregnation of AgNO₃. The effect of calcination temperature of HMS support was investigated in terms of structure and catalytic activity of Ag catalysts. The support and catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyzer, X-ray diffraction, H₂-temperature program reduction and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that calcination of HMS at an appro- priate temperature(750℃) before catalyst preparation would benefit the formation of highly dispersive small sized Ag particles on the HMS support and markedly enhance the catalytic activity of Ag/HMS catalyst toward CO oxidation.     

Light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy of vesicles and other structures formed in water by mixtures of copolymers bearing lipid-mimetic units

The phase behavior of mixtures of a vesicle-forming copolymer and related to it copolymers of different phase propensities was studied by light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The vesicle-forming copolymer and the copolymeric additives are based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and comprise from 1 to 8 lipophilic lipid-mimetic anchors which form hydrophobic moieties. The ability of the additives to control the vesicle size and particle morphology was examined as a function of their content, composition, and phase propensity. At the lower guest to host molar ratios, the bilayer organization is preserved and changes in the vesicle dimensions are not observed. At a certain ratio which is dependent on the composition and phase propensity of the guest copolymer the particle dimensions start to change, and typically, transitions from low- to high-curvature structures are observed. The critical value of the mean PEG interfacial area at which the particles undergo size, size distribution, and phase transitions slightly depends on the composition of the guest copolymer and is found to be roughly 3 nm2.     

纳米Ag/CNTs复合材料的制备、表征及对环三亚甲基三硝胺热分解的影响

采用银镜法和水热法制备了两种纳米Ag/CNTs(碳纳米管)复合材料, 利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜及能量散射光谱仪(SEM-EDS)对复合物的物相、组成、形貌和结构进行分析表征, 并运用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了纳米Ag/CNTs 复合材料对环三亚甲基三硝胺(RDX)热分解特性的影响. 结果表明: 纳米Ag 以10-80 nm的不规则球形“粘附”于纳米CNTs 表面,分散较均匀, 水热法制得的复合物表面纳米Ag较大、且负载的Ag粒子较多; 纳米Ag/CNTs 复合材料的加入改变了RDX的热分解过程, 使原有占主导的液相分解变为二次的气相反应加剧, RDX主分解峰形发生了明显的改变; 纳米Ag/CNTs 复合材料对RDX热分解的催化主要表现为分解温度的降低.     

固相合成法制备纳米碳酸锶微球

以六水合氯化锶(SrCl2·6H2 O)和碳酸氢铵(NH4 HCO3)为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂,采用阴离子表面活性剂辅助固相球磨法制备纳米碳酸锶微球.样品采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、能谱仪(EDX)、X-射线衍射仪、红外光谱FTIR、热重仪和差示扫描仪联用(TG—DSC)等手段表...     

Synthesis of Nano-hydroxyapatite via Microbial Method and Its Characterization

Nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite were successfully synthesized by microbial method at ambient temperature and pressure, using calcium chloride and specific substrate as reactants. The compositional and morphological properties of products of the syntheses were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The characterization data obtained showed that the phase composition, functional groups, and surface morphology of samples obtained by microbial method were mainly similar to that by chemical precipitation method. The hydroxyapatite powder was shown to be nanometer-grade in size and sphere-like in shape.     

含丙烯酸的苯丙共聚乳液乳胶粒形态的电镜研究

采用透射电镜观测了苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-丙烯酸乳液共聚体系的乳胶粒形态,讨论了组分含量、共聚物链柔性和乳液pH值等因素对乳胶粒形态、乳液粘度及成膜性的影响.结果表明:软单体的加入和体系pH值的提高将促进乳胶粒的粘连成膜和溶涨及部分聚合物的溶解.羧基主要富集于乳胶粒表面.     

二氧化钛与碳化钨纳米复合材料制备及其对甲醇的电催化氧化活性

以市售纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)为载体,六氯化钨为钨源,将浸渍法与原位还原碳化技术相结合制备了核壳结构碳化钨(WC)/TiO2纳米复合材料;应用X射线衍射分析、透射电子显微镜、高分辨扫描透射成像和X射线能量散射谱等手段对样品晶相、形貌、微结构和化学组成等特征进行了表征.结果表明,样品的晶相由金红石型TiO2、Ti4O7、WC、W2C和WxC构成,钨碳化物负载于钛氧化物外表面,构成比较典型的核壳结构.采用三电极体系和循环伏安法测试了样品在碱性溶液中对甲醇的电催化氧化活性,结果表明,相比于纯碳化钨和二氧化钛,复合材料的电催化活性得到了明显的提升.样品电催化活性的提升与前驱体钨钛摩尔比、还原碳化时间、核壳结构壳层的完整性和晶相组成以及核壳结构中二氧化钛和碳化钨之间的协同效应有关.这说明金红石是能够提升碳化钨电催化氧化活性的载体材料之一.