活化玻碳电极直接测定全血中的尿酸

用阳极极化法在碱性溶液中活化玻碳电极, 研究了尿酸(UA)在活化玻碳电极(AGCE)上的电化学行为, 并提出一种利用微分脉冲伏安技术测定全血中尿酸的电化学分析方法. 在0.1 mol/L的乙酸缓冲溶液中(pH 5.0), 以0.1 mol/L KCl作为支持电解质, 尿酸在AGCE上于0.484 V 处产生一个灵敏的氧化峰. 微分脉冲伏安法测定其氧化峰电流与 UA 的浓度在5.0×10-6～2.0×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系, 相关系数为0.9989, 检出限为1.0×10-6 mol/L. 该方法操作简便, 重现性较好, 能在抗坏血酸存在下同时测定UA. 用于人血中UA的测定.     

电还原柠嗪酸修饰电极对多巴胺和尿酸的电化学性质研究

采用循环伏安法制备了电还原柠嗪酸膜修饰碳糊电极(ECA/CPE),研究了多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,ECA/CPE对DA具有明显的电催化作用,且DA呈现出一对准可逆的氧化还原峰,其氧化峰电流与DA浓度在3.7×10-7~8.2×10-5mol/L和1.04×10-4~9.34×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。使用微分脉冲伏安法,DA和尿酸(UA)在ECA/CPE上的氧化峰能完全分离,且峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系。该电极可用于盐酸多巴胺针剂中DA的测定以及人体尿液中UA的检测。     

微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法对吡虫啉的测定研究

应用循环伏安法和微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法在玻碳电极上(GCE)对吡虫啉进行了研究,发现吡虫啉(C=5.0×10-4mol/L)在pH 2.0的B-R(Britton-Robinson)缓冲底液中于 0.986 V(vs.SCE)左右产生一个尖锐的阳极氧化峰。本文讨论了pH、富集时间、扫速、静止时间的影响。吡虫啉在2.0×10-5~4.0×10-4mol/L范围内与峰电流呈线性关系(r=0.9986),检出限为1.0×10-6mol/L。用该方法对吡虫啉进行了实际测定,还对吡虫啉的电极反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

芦丁在多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极上的电化学行为及其与DNA的相互作用

采用循环伏安法、微分脉冲伏安法研究了芦丁在多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极(MWCNTs/CPE)上的电化学行为。实验发现,在pH=3.21的Na_2HPO_4-柠檬酸缓冲溶液中,芦丁在0.508V和0.438V产生一对明显的氧化还原峰,氧化峰电流与芦丁浓度在5.0×10~(-7)~2.0×10~(-4) mol/L内呈良好线性关系,检出限为2.0×10~(-7) mol/L。进一步的研究发现芦丁在修饰电极上的反应是受吸附控制的2质子、2电子反应过程;当DNA加入到芦丁溶液后,引起芦丁电化学信号逐渐降低,峰电位逐渐正移,表明两者是通过嵌插作用相结合。     

石墨烯/聚邻苯二胺膜修饰碳糊电极电催化性能的研究

研制了一种新型的石墨烯/聚邻苯二胺膜饰碳糊电极(GR/PPD/CPE)。在NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲溶液(pH 7.3)中,利用循环伏安法研究了对苯二酚(HQ)和邻苯二酚(CC)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,利用线性扫描溶出伏安法研究了扫速与峰电流或峰电位的关系,利用微分脉冲溶出伏安法测定了HQ和CC的含量,线性范围分别为6.5×10-7~5.0×10-4mol/L和1.0×10-7~5.0×10-4mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)分别为8.0×10-8mol/L和2.0×10-7mol/L。方法用于自来水样中的HQ和CC的测定,回收率在96.5%~102.5%之间。     

电聚合o-ImBPTPPMn(Ⅲ)Cl膜修饰玻碳电极同时测定抗坏血酸和多巴胺

用循环伏安法在强酸性水溶液中制备出氯化5-邻[4-(1-咪唑基)丁氧基]苯基-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉锰聚合膜修饰玻碳电极。该电极具有良好的电化学活性,对抗坏血酸(AA)及多巴胺(DA)有明显的催化作用,而且在同一缓冲溶液中用微分脉冲伏安法扫描二者峰电位差达240mV,此时已达到完全分离。将该电极应用于DA和AA的同时测定,其线性范围分别为2.0×10-6~1.0×10-4mol/L和6.5×10-7~2.6×10-5mol/L;检出限分别为1.0μmol/L和0.39μmol/L。二者在微分脉冲伏安法扫描时各有独立的电流响应峰,互不干扰。该电极重现性和稳定性好,在空气中放置3个月以上经处理后电化学活性无下降趋势。     

聚对苯二酚修饰玻碳电极的制备及其对抗坏血酸的催化氧化作用

采用循环伏安(CV)法制备了聚对苯二酚薄膜修饰玻碳电极,利用其电催化氧化作用建立了抗坏血酸的定量分析方法,探讨了其催化氧化机理。研究发现:在0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4(PBS,pH 7.0)缓冲溶液中,以0.1 mol/L KC l作支持电解质,聚对苯二酚修饰电极(PHQ/CME)对抗坏血酸(AA)存在灵敏的催化氧化作用,氧化峰电位负移177 mV。应用微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对AA进行定量分析,其氧化峰电流与AA浓度在3.3×10-5~1.7×10-2mol/L和1.7×10-2~1.2×10-1mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.3×10-6mol/L。机理研究结果表明:PHQ/CME上带有的酚羟基与脱氢抗坏血酸自由基之间形成的氢键是电催化氧化的主要原因。     

应用单壁碳纳米管修饰纳米碳纤维电极同时测定多巴胺和抗坏血酸

采用滴涂法制备了单壁碳纳米管修饰的纳米碳纤维电极,研究了多巴胺(DA)、抗坏血酸(AA)及其混合溶液在修饰前后电极上的电化学行为。在20 mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH 7.4)缓冲溶液中,修饰电极对DA和AA具有很好的电催化作用。采用差示脉冲伏安法对DA与AA混合溶液氧化峰电流与浓度的关系进行定量分析,DA和AA的氧化峰电流在1.0×10-7~5.0×10-5mol/L和1.0×10-5~1.0×10-3mol/L范围内与浓度呈线性关系,其线性回归方程及相关系数分别为Ip=0.0012c+4×10-9,r=0.9907;Ip=10-5c+7×10-10,r=0.9974,两种物质的检测限分别达到8.0×10-9mol/L和2×10-6mol/L。     

聚L-甲硫氨酸修饰电极的制备及对尿酸的测定

在pH9.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,利用循环伏安(CV)法制备了聚L-甲硫氨酸修饰玻碳电极(PLMet/GC/CME)。研究了尿酸(UA)在该电极上的电化学行为,建立了伏安法测定UA的新方法。在pH5.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为200 mV/s,循环扫描电位在-0.3~1.0 V时,UA在PLMet/GC/CME上产生一个灵敏的氧化峰,峰电位位于0.52 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)。用CV法、线性扫描伏安(LSV)法和示差脉冲伏安(DPV)法对UA进行测定,测定的线性范围分别为2.50×10-6~1.00×10-4mol/L、5.00×10-6~1.00×10-4mol/L和8.00×10-7~1.00×10-4mol/L;检出限分别为8.0×10-7mol/L(CV、LSV法)和5.0×10-7mol/L(DPV法)。用LSV法对尿样中的UA进行测定,结果满意。     

铜离子在废弃杨树叶粉上吸附的研究

以废弃杨树叶粉为原料,用微分脉冲伏安法测定了废弃杨树叶粉吸附水溶液中的铜离子。建立了微分脉冲伏安法测定铜离子的方法,在2.5×10~(-4)~2.5×10~(-7) mol/L范围内测定铜离子,检测限为2.51×0~(-8) mol/L,并用于铜离子在废弃杨树叶粉上吸附的研究,考察了铜离子浓度范围、吸附时间、温度、杨树叶粉用量对杨树叶粉吸附铜离子的影响。在40 mL含有铜离子(2.5×10~(-4) mol/L)的KCl(0.025mol/L)溶液中,0.1g杨树叶粉足以吸附99%的铜离子,0.3g的杨树叶粉吸附达到完全,表观一级吸附速率为0.004 37s~(-1),5min可近于吸附平衡。吸附不遵从Temkin等温吸附模型,升高温度不利于吸附过程。最大吸附量为63.48mg/g,可以用于自然pH值下污染水中铜离子的吸附去除。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.