一种新的WO3纳米管的制备方法

一维纳米材料因可用来构造高性能纳米器件的结构单元而成为纳米材料研究的热点．目前的研究重点集中在材料的制备和结构性能表征方面,已发展了多种制备方法,主要有模板法、V-L-S法、L-L-S法和V-S法等,其中阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板法是制备一维材料的好方法．AAO模板的制备工艺已相当成熟,     

有机-无机杂化一维纳米材料的合成及其二次转化

近十年来,随着纳米科技的发展,有机．无机杂化一维纳米材料的设计合成与应用成为了自然科学领域的研究热点．本文综述了由有机小分子与无机组分杂化而成的一维纳米材料的合成方法,包括水热／溶剂热法、共沉淀法、非水相溶胶凝胶法、模板法、后嵌入法等．并对有机一无机杂化一维纳米材料的二次转化,如通过二次转化获得功能性一维氧化物、碳氮化物、硫属化合物及高分子杂化纳米材料,进行了讨论与展望．     

模板法制备枝状Pt纳米线

一维纳米材料的制备是近年来纳米材料的研究热点. 利用具有纳米尺度的孔洞阵列模板沉积各种材料构筑纳米线的方法具有制备简便和成本较低等优点[1,2]. 常用的模板有多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)、多孔硅和聚合物等, 其中AAO模板具有耐高温, 绝缘性好, 孔洞分布均匀, 孔径、孔深大小可控等特点, 是模板法研究的热点. 通过模板法电化学沉积制备各种金属纳米线已有很多报道[3～8], 本研究小组也曾报道了模板法电化学沉积Au等纳米线的制备及性质[9～12], 但用该方法制备的金属纳米线都为单一的线状结构. 组成当代大规模集成电路的基本器件一般具有3个或3个以上的电极. 单一的线状结构纳米线, 不能满足纳米电子学对纳米材料和纳米器件性能研究的需要. 在纳米器件的特性研究和探索中, 枝状或Y形纳米结的制备有重要的意义, 它是纳米器件从理论到实用化的必备条件. Sui等[13]用模板法成功制备了枝状碳纳米管, 但用AAO模板制备枝状金属纳米线的研究至今还未见报道. 本文通过控制铝片的阳极氧化条件, 先制备出具有分枝状孔洞结构的AAO模板, 再用电化学法沉积金属Pt, 实现了枝状Pt纳米线的可控生长. 这对其它金属枝状纳米线的制备以及进一步掺杂、构筑纳米原型器件等具有显著的实用价值.     

水热法合成一维纳米材料的研究进展

一维纳米材料由于其独特的物理、化学性质和在探针、器件等方面的巨大潜在应用,引起了人们广泛关注.水热法是合成纳米线、纳米棒、纳米带、纳米管和纳米电缆等一维纳米材料的有效方法.本文慨述了国内外利用水热法制备一维纳米材料的研究进展.     

低频交流电沉积金纳米线阵列的AFM研究

迄今,人们已采用许多方法制备纳米材料,如刻蚀技术、化学法和模板法等［1]．其中,引起科学界广泛兴趣的模板法,在合成有序纳米材料上占有极其重要的地位．常用的模板有两种,一种是有序孔洞阳极氧化铝（Anodic Aluminum Oxide,AAO）模板[2],另一种是含有孔洞无序分布的高分子模板．AAO模板具有耐高温,绝缘性好,孔洞分布均匀有序,而且大小可控等特点［3]．可以利用 AAO模板来制备各种纳米纤维和纳米管,如导电聚合物［4]、金属［5]、半导体［6]、碳［7]和其它一些材料．由于纳米材料的应用具有广阔的前景,如光催化、电化学、酶固定等方面,因而不同材料纳米线的制备备受关     

贵金属杂化纳米材料的合成及性能研究进展

近年来,杂化纳米材料的出现极大地拓展了纳米材料的应用范围,其特殊的结构、性能、尺寸和形貌使其不仅保持了各组分材料的特性及功能,更涌现了不同于各组分材料所不具备的新颖的、多样化的特殊性能和应用潜能,因此其制备方法和性能应用已经成为了研究热点.运用纳米技术将贵金属纳米粒子与其他性能优异的物质结合形成的贵金属杂化纳米材料被广泛运用到电化学、光催化、免疫传感、生物催化和医药化学等领域.本文综述了贵金属杂化纳米材料的制备方法、结构组成、性能特点、应用前景以及最新的发展趋势,重点介绍了贵金属杂化纳米材料的合成及应用.     

TiO2一维纳米材料及其纳米结构的合成

本文对合成TiO₂一维纳米材料及其有序纳米阵列的阳极氧化法、模板法以及水热法进行了全面而系统的评述，着重介绍了它们的最新研究进展。阳极氧化法能制备牢固负载于基体上的TiO₂纳米管阵列，这有助于构筑TiO₂纳米结构及其在纳米器件上的应用；与多种制备技术如溶胶－凝胶工艺、电化学沉积以及原子层沉积等相结合，模板法可以合成出多种形貌的TiO₂纳米材料如纳米管、纳米线和纳米棒，并可以通过改变所用模板的微观尺寸来调控TiO₂一维纳米材料及其有序阵列的微结构参数；水热合成法可以制备出直径小且比表面积大的TiO2纳米管粉末。但从目前看来，该法还不能制备出牢固负载于基体上的有序纳米阵列。文章最后指出了TiO₂一维纳米材料及其有序纳米阵列合成中存在的问题及今后发展方向。     

铁氧体磁纳米结构的制备、表征及其在靶向药物释放领域的应用研究

以应用需求为目的对纳米材料的组成、结构和形貌进行设计合成是当前纳米材料化学研究的热点问题之一.磁性中空纳米结构及一维磁纳米结构在生物医学、催化、电子、信息以及纳米器件等领域都具有广泛的应用,有关其制备和应用方面的研究倍受科学家们的关注.本论文主要以实现磁纳米结构的生物医学应用功能为目的,设计材料的结构并通过一些简单有效的化学方法来实现磁纳米材料的组成、结构和性能的可控制备,为促进其应用提供良好的材料基础,同时初步探索磁性纳米材料在靶向药物释放方面的应用.论文主要包括如下内容.     

草酸沉淀法合成自组装纳米Co_3O_4及性质

<正>一维纳米材料具有高比表面积,表现出很多奇特的物理和化学性能,因此一维纳米材料的合成和性质引起了人们的广泛关注。目前,合成一维纳米氧化物的方法很多,如模板法合成一维纳米铁氧体、水热法合成γ-MnOOH纳米棒、静电纺丝法合     

溶胶-凝胶模板法制备BaTiO3纳米线及其光催化性能

纳米线为准一维纳米材料[1],因其具有优异的光学、电学及力学性能而引起人们的极大关注.它的制备方法有许多种,如分子束外延法、光刻法、CVD法、模板法[2]等.其中模板法由于具有实验装置简单,操作容易,形态可控,适用面广等特点而成为纳米材料合成领域的一大焦点.常用的模板有:有序空洞阵列氧化铝模板、含有孔洞无序分布的高分子模板、纳米洞孔玻璃模板.其中阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板具有孔径均一、排列有序、孔密度高、热稳定性好且孔径大小可控等优点,成为模板合成法中最常用模板之一[3].     

Assembly of one dimensional inorganic nanostructures into functional 2D and 3D architectures. Synthesis, arrangement and functionality

This review will focus on the synthesis, arrangement, structural assembly, for current and future applications, of 1D nanomaterials (tubes, wires, rods) in 2D and 3D ordered arrangements. The ability to synthesize and arrange one dimensional nanomaterials into ordered 2D or 3D micro or macro sized structures is of utmost importance in developing new devices and applications of these materials. Micro and macro sized architectures based on such 1D nanomaterials (e.g. tubes, wires, rods) provide a platform to integrate nanostructures at a larger and thus manageable scale into high performance electronic devices like field effect transistors, as chemo- and biosensors, catalysts, or in energy material applications. Carbon based, metal oxide and metal based 1D arranged materials as well as hybrid or composite 1D materials of the latter provide a broad materials platform, offering a perspective for new entries into fascinating structures and future applications of such assembled architectures. These architectures allow bridging the gap between 1D nanostructures and the micro and macro world and are the basis for an assembly of 1D materials into higher hierarchy domains. This critical review is intended to provide an interesting starting point to view the current state of the art and show perspectives for future developments in this field. The emphasis is on selected nanomaterials and the possibilities for building three dimensional arrays starting from one dimensional building blocks. Carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanotubes and nanowires (e.g. ZnO, TiO(2), V(2)O(5), Cu(2)O, NiO, Fe(2)O(3)), silicon and germanium nanowires, and group III-V or II-VI based 1D semiconductor nanostructures like GaS and GaN, pure metals as well as 1D hybrid materials and their higher organized architectures (foremost in 3D) will be focussed. These materials have been the most intensively studied within the last 5-10 years with respect to nano-micro integration aspects and their functional and application oriented properties. The critical review should be interesting for a broader scientific community (chemists, physicists, material scientists) interested in synthetic and functional material aspects of 1D materials as well as their integration into next higher organized architectures.     

Rational Design of Mesoporous Metals and Related Nanomaterials by a Soft‐Template Approach

We review recent developments in the preparation of mesoporous metals and related metal‐based nanomaterials. Among the many types of mesoporous materials, mesoporous metals hold promise for a wide range of potential applications, such as in electronic devices, magnetic recording media, and metal catalysts, owing to their metallic frameworks. Mesoporous metals with highly ordered networks and narrow pore‐size distributions have traditionally been produced by using mesoporous silica as a hard template. This method involves the formation of an original template followed by deposition of metals within the mesopores and subsequent removal of the template. Another synthetic method is the direct‐template approach from lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) made of nonionic surfactants at high concentrations. Direct‐template synthesis creates a novel avenue for the production of mesoporous metals as well as related metal‐based nanomaterials. Many mesoporous metals have been prepared by the chemical or electrochemical reduction of metal salts dissolved in aqueous LLC domains. As a soft template, LLCs are more versatile and therefore more advantageous than hard templates. It is possible to produce various nanostructures (e.g., lamellar, 2D hexagonal (p6mm), and 3D cubic (Ia d)), nanoparticles, and nanotubes simply by controlling the composition of the reaction bath.     

模板剂在合成纳米材料中的应用与发展

模板法在纳米材料的合成过程中已成为一种非常重要的技术。利用其结构导向、骨架填充、平衡和匹配电荷等作用,可以达到精确地调控纳米材料孔道的大小、形状及结构的目的。本文主要对模板剂的种类进行了详细的分类,重点介绍了硬模板法和软模板法在合成纳米材料过程中的现状及特点,并具体介绍了模板剂在合成纳米生物材料及纳米催化剂、电化学、化工合成等方面的应用;阐述了模板法在介孔材料合成过程中的重要性,指出了目前模板剂方法存在的优缺点;提出了模板剂在超分子功能材料、光化学反应及催化工业等方面应用的纳米材料合成中的发展趋势和良好前景。     

One-dimensional magnetic inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterials

One-dimensional (1D) magnetic inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterials bear both the intrinsic magnetic properties of the inorganic components and the functionality and responsiveness of their organic part. In this tutorial review, we first emphasize various synthetic strategies for this type of materials: (i) template-directed synthesis employs different preformed templates such as channels in solids, mesostructures self-assembled from block copolymers, cylindrical polymer brushes, 1D biological templates and other existing 1D templates; (ii) electrospinning, which provides a simple and efficient technique that can lead to a potential large-scale production; (iii) 1D conjugation of building blocks which combines the physical attraction of magnetic nanoparticles in a magnetic field with chemical crosslinking and stabilization. The properties, functions and the future trends of these materials are also briefly introduced. It is foreseeable that these hybrid materials will play more and more important roles in the ever-advancing miniaturization of functional devices.     

Templated electrosynthesis of nanomaterials and porous structures

Templated electrosynthesis is a simple and versatile method that has been widely used to form nanomaterials and porous structures in materials science. The technique permits dimension-controlled materials synthesis. A variety of templates have been employed to define the morphology of conductive materials in electrodeposition. The formation of those materials has triggered intensive study and development of various novel properties and potential applications. This review presents recent advances in templated electrosynthesis as a method to fabricate nanomaterials and porous structures.     

Dual nanocatalysts co-decorated three-dimensional,laser-induced graphene hybrid nanomaterials integrated with a smartphone portable electrochemical system for point-of-care non-enzymatic glucose diagnosis

Non-enzymatic biosensors based on various nanomaterials with large surface-volume ratios and high catalytic efficiencies have been proposed to compensate for the non-stability and high cost of enzymatic biosensors. However, the construction of a stable, highly sensitive, flexible, three-dimensional (3D), microstructured, non-enzymatic biosensor integrated with a smartphone-based portable system has been challenging. Herein, highly conductive laser-induced graphene (LIG) array with a honeycomb-like 3D microstructure co-decorated with copper(I) oxide and gold nanocatalysts was developed via simple and green electro-deposition and chemical reduction approaches for a miniaturized electrochemical flexible non-enzymatic biosensor. SEM, XRD, Raman and XPS analyzations indicated that the Cu₂O and Au nanocatalysts co-decorated three-dimensional, laser-induced graphene hybrid nanomaterials were developed successfully. The signal of the biosensor was improved by more than 10 fold compared to the LIG alone due to the co-decorated with copper(I) oxide and gold nanocatalysts. The fabricated electrochemical biochip was integrated with a smartphone-based microstation for glucose monitoring, presenting a larger linear interval of 1–20 mM with an excellent sensitivity of 236 μA/mM/cm² and a relatively low detection limit of 0.31 μM. Noticeably, the biochip could measure blood sugar on curved surfaces and still deliver stable sensing signals after being bent back-and-forth 25 times. The novel biosensor is a potentially valuable flexible electronic device. The hybrid nanomaterials developed in this work may be applicable to other biosensing, catalytic, and energy devices (supercapacitors and batteries).     

《新型二维纳米材料》专辑序言——新型二维纳米材料:掀起未来技术革命

Two-dimensional(2D) nanomaterials possess sheet-like structures with the thickness of nanoscale, but the lateral size is infinite. In 2004, Andre Geim and co-workers at the University of Manchester successfully exfoliated a sheet of graphene from graphite by the micromechanical cleavage technique, which marked the beginning of 2D nanomaterials. Given the ultrahigh carrier mobility, excellent mechanical property, good thermal stability, superior thermal conductivities and huge specific surface area of graphene, it causes general exploration of other graphene-like 2D nanomaterials.===The 2D feature is unique to access unprecedented physical, chemical, electronic and optical properties. For example, the electron confinement in two dimensions makes them ideal candidates for the fundamental study in condensed matter physics and electronic/optoelectronic devices; the large lateral size endows them with huge surface area and high exposure of active sites. Due to their unique properties, 2D nanomaterials have promising applications in energy storage and conversion, electronic devices, catalytic reaction, sensing and biomedicine. By now, nearly 20 types of 2D nanomaterials have been studied, such as graphene, graphitic carbon nitride(g-C₃N₄), transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs), transition metal carbides/nitrides(MXenes), layered double hydroxides(LDHs), transition metal oxides(TMOs), Ⅲ to Ⅵ layered semiconductor(MX₄), and perovskite-type hybrids(AMX₃).===In this special issue of the novel 2D nanomaterials, we selected 12 related articles in reviews, research papers and brief communications involving supercapacitor, electrochemical catalysis, sensing, battery, fluorescence, water treatment and antiflaming performance of 2D nanomaterials. We hope that readers will have a deep understanding of the current development of 2D nanomaterials, and find it beneficial to their future researches.===Toward this end, I greatly appreciate the outstanding contribution of all authors, as well as the strenuous efforts from the editorial staff members.     

Two‐Dimensional CuSe Nanosheets with Microscale Lateral Size: Synthesis and Template‐Assisted Phase Transformation

Semiconducting nanosheets with microscale lateral size are attractive building blocks for the fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices. The phase‐controlled chemical synthesis of semiconducting nanosheets is of particular interest, because their intriguing properties are not only related to their size and shape, but also phase‐dependent. Herein, a facile method for the synthesis of phase‐pure, microsized, two‐dimensional (2D) CuSe nanosheets with an average thickness of approximately 5 nm is demonstrated. These hexagonal‐phased CuSe nanosheets were transformed into cubic‐phased Cu_2?xSe nanosheets with the same morphology simply by treatment with heat in the presence of Cu^I cations. The phase transformation, proposed to be a template‐assisted process, can be extended to other systems, such as CuS and Cu_1.97S nanoplates. Our study offers a new method for the phase‐controlled preparation of 2D nanomaterials, which are not readily accessible by conventional wet‐chemical methods.     

Large‐Scale Syntheses of Zinc Sulfide⋅(Diethylenetriamine)0.5 Hybrids as Precursors for Sulfur Nanocomposite Cathodes

Nanostructured metal sulfide–amine hybrid materials have attracted attention because of their unique properties and versatility as precursors for functional inorganic nanomaterials. However, large‐scale synthesis of metal sulfide–amine hybrid nanomaterials is limited by hydrothermal and solvothermal preparative reaction conditions; consequently, incorporation of such materials into functional nanomaterials is hindered. An amine molecule‐assisted refluxing method was used to synthesize highly uniform zinc sulfide⋅(diethylenetriamine)_0.5 (ZnS⋅(DETA)_0.5) hybrid nanosheets and nanobelts in a large scale. The obtained ZnS⋅(DETA)_0.5 hybrid nanomaterials can be used as efficient precursors to fabricate functional ZnS nanomaterials and carbon encapsulated sulfur (S@C) nanocomposite cathodes for Li–S batteries.