葛花中异黄酮类化学成分的RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS研究

采用快速分离液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用(RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS)技术对葛花中的异黄酮类成分进行了研究, 得到了相应化合物的保留时间、 分子量及结构信息. 研究结果表明, 葛花水提取液的主要成分为异黄酮类及其苷类化合物, 并含有皂苷类和酚类化合物. 在葛花中首次发现同属植物狐尾葛特有化合物Alopecuroides A和葛根中的化合物3'-甲氧基大豆苷元-7-O-甲醚. 讨论了异黄酮类化合物的质谱碎裂途径及规律.     

清开灵注射液中黄芩苷含量的微乳液相色谱法测定

建立了微乳液相色谱(MELC)测定中药复方制剂清开灵注射液中黄芩苷含量的分析方法,并考察了微乳流动相的组成及pH值等影响因素.最佳条件为:采用Hypersil BDS C18 5 μm(4.6 mm×150 mm)色谱柱,柱温30 ℃,以3%十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-0.8%乙酸乙酯-7%乙腈-0.01 mol/L 四丁基溴化铵(磷酸调pH至3.0)为流动相,检测波长276 nm.对照品和样品均用70%甲醇处理.结果表明,黄芩苷的线性范围为25 ～100 mg/L,相关系数r=0.999 9.精密度实验和稳定性实验的RSD分别为1.0%(n=6)和0.50%(n=5),平均加标回收率和RSD值(n=6)分别为99%、1.9%.市售9批样品中黄芩苷的质量浓度为4.05 ～5.05 g/L,符合药典规定.     

黄芪中黄酮类化合物的超临界流体色谱分离方法研究

考察了超临界流体色谱（SFC）中的色谱柱、改性剂、添加剂、流速、柱温和背压等因素对9种黄酮类成分（包括芒柄花素、异鼠李素、毛蕊异黄酮、山奈酚、槲皮素、紫云英苷、芒柄花苷、异槲皮苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷）分离的影响,与高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行了比较,并建立了黄芪饮片中5种主要黄酮类化合物的SFC分析方法。采用Agilent ZORBAX RX－SIL色谱柱（4.6 mm × 150 mm,5 μm）进行分离,CO2－0.1%磷酸甲醇溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为3 mL/min;柱温为35 ℃;背压为10 MPa,9种黄酮类化合物可在10 min内实现基线分离。5种黄酮类化合物在一定质量浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系（r2 ≥ 0.963 2）,检出限为10.69 ~ 16.21 μg/mL,日内相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.3% ~ 2.0%;日间RSD为1.6% ~ 2.2%。5种黄酮类化合物在48 h内具有良好的稳定性,重复性为3.6% ~ 6.0%,回收率为91.8% ~ 112%。与HPLC法相比,9种化合物的保留时间顺序基本相反,SFC法更快速、经济环保,且其保留及选择性受色谱柱、改性剂和添加剂的影响较大,添加剂对色谱峰形影响明显。     

反相高效液相色谱法制备纯化大豆异黄酮糖苷

利用制备高效液相色谱法从大豆总异黄酮提取物中制备出了3种大豆异黄酮糖苷。在Nova-Pak HR C18色谱柱(100 mm×25 mm i.d.,6 μm)上,以甲醇-体积分数为0.1%的乙酸水溶液(体积比为23∶77)为流动相,流速为20 mL/min,采用 等度洗脱方式,制备了3种大豆异黄酮糖苷,经质谱分析,确认它们分别为大豆苷、黄豆苷和染料木苷。高效液相色谱分析 表明,所制备的3种化合物的纯度均达到了99%以上。     

双甲基化大豆苷元磺酸锂的合成及晶体结构

以大豆苷元为先导化合物,合成了水溶性异黄酮化合物4’,7-二甲氧基异黄酮磺酸锂．X射线单晶衍射分析表明：标题化合物属于三斜晶系,空间群Pi,晶胞参数为：a=0．7732（2）nm,b=1．874（5）nm,c=1．920（5）nm,α=111．224（4）°,β=90．21（5）°,γ=100．68（4）°Z=2．标题化合物的分子组成为[Li（H2O）4]2（C17H13O4SO3）2·4H2O,其中两种类型的锂离子均被4分子水所配位．[Li（H2O）4]^＋、C17H13O4SO3^-和H2O之间存在多种氢键作用;氢键作用以及阴阳离子之间的静电引力作用共同将标题化合物组装成具有三维网络结构的超分子．     

HPLC法测定油茶枯饼中两种主要黄酮苷

建立了油茶枯饼中两种主要黄酮苷：山奈酚3-0-[2-O-β-D-木糖-6-0-α-L-鼠李糖]-β-D-葡萄糖苷（Ⅰ）和山奈酚3-0-[2-O-β-D-半乳糖-6-0-α-L-鼠李糖]-β-D-葡萄糖苷（Ⅱ）的高效液相色谱测定方法。采用C18 Column（BDS,Hypersil,250mm×4.6 mm）,流动相为V（乙腈）∶V（0.1%H3PO4）=20∶80,流速1 mL/min;检测波长266 nm。结果表明,黄酮苷Ⅰ的线性范围为60-2000 mg/L（R=0.9993,n=6）,平均回收率99.5%,RSD为1.6%;黄酮苷Ⅱ的线性范围为30-1200mg/L（R=0.9995,n=6）,平均回收率100.7%,RSD为1.2%。该方法可用于检测油茶枯饼及其提取物中两种主要黄酮苷。     

基于超高效合相色谱对黄芪中5种主要黄酮类化合物的快速检测

建立了利用超高效合相色谱法(Ultra performance convergence chromatography,UPC2)快速分离和测定黄芪中5种主要黄酮类化合物(毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、美的紫檀素、芒柄花苷、芒柄花素)的方法.黄芪样品采用80％乙醇提取后,以超临界CO2-0.2％ H3PO4-甲醇溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,色谱柱为Waters ACQUITY UPC2 CSH柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,1.8 μm),柱温为40℃,流速为0.4 mL/min,进样量为1μL,检测波长为280 nm.整个分析过程仅需15 min,分析速度是传统液相色谱的3倍以上.结果表明:毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、美的紫檀素、芒柄花苷与芒柄花素的检出限及定量限范围分别在0.3 ～0.5 mg/kg和1.0～2.0 mg/kg之间,5种黄酮类成分的加标平均回收率均高于99.7％,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2.2％(n=6);在最优条件下,对13批不同产地的黄芪进行检测,毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、美的紫檀素、芒柄花苷与芒柄花素的含量范围分别在4.8 ～ 102 mg/kg、14 ～ 277 mg/kg、0 ～ 135 mg/kg、5.3 ～ 119 mg/kg及2.8 ～ 41 mg/kg之间;本方法简便快速,重复性良好,结果准确可靠,可用于黄芪药材中5种主要黄酮类成分的含量测定.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定黄芪中的五种异黄酮类成分

对蒙古黄芪中5种异黄酮类成分的含量进行了反相高效液相色谱法测定。色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱,流动相为乙腈-水系统,梯度洗脱,检测波长230 nm,柱温35 ℃。毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在20.12～201.2 mg/L、芒丙花素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在4.62～46.2 mg/L、9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在4.86～48.6 mg/L、毛蕊异黄酮在9.24～92.4 mg/L、芒丙花素在6.92～69.2 mg/L时峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9992,0.9997,0.9997,0.9995和0.9995。5种成分的加样回收率均高于94%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于3.2%(n=9)。该法简便快速,重复性良好,结果准确可靠,可用于黄芪药材中5种主要异黄酮类成分的含量测定。     

超高效液相色谱法分析淡豆豉配方颗粒中3种异黄酮

建立超高效液相色谱法同时测定淡豆豉配方颗粒中3种异黄酮(大豆苷元、黄豆黄素、染料木素)的含量。选择Eclipse Plus C₁₈ RRHD色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)，流动相为乙腈-0.1%乙酸溶液，梯度洗脱，流量为0.3mL/min，柱温为30℃，检测波长为260 nm。大豆苷元、黄豆黄素、染料木素的质量浓度分别在18.41～184.14、0.48～4.82、30.65～306.46μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 9)。样品测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.80%、2.20%、1.71%(n=6)，平均加标回收率分别为96.49%、100.93%、98.53%。该方法快速，准确、可靠，可为淡豆豉配方颗粒的质量控制提供参考。     

HPLC法测定百合固金颗粒中芍药苷和甘草苷

建立同时测定百合固金颗粒中芍药苷和甘草苷含量的高效液相色谱法。采用Welch Ultimate XB–C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈–0.1%磷酸(体积比为14∶86),流速为1.0 m L/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为230 nm。百合固金颗粒中芍药苷在14.91~149.12 ng,甘草苷在34.75~347.52 ng范围内均有良好线性,线性相关系数分别为0.999 5,0.999 2,平均回收率分别为96.7%,95.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于3%(n=6)。该方法操作简单,专属性强,准确度高,重复性好,可以有效地控制百合固金颗粒的质量。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.