化学/电化学腐蚀法快速制备超疏水金属铝

提出一种金属铝超疏水表面的快速制作方法. 先以化学腐蚀在铝表面形成微米级粗糙结构, 再通过电化学腐蚀构筑纳米结构, 在20 min内完成了超疏水表面所需粗糙结构的制备. 这种化学腐蚀/电化学腐蚀两步法比单独化学或电化学腐蚀方法在时间上缩短了1~2个数量级, 且不受铝材晶形限制, 同时电化学腐蚀所用电流密度也降低了1个数量级, 降低了对电源设备的要求, 可望大规模应用于工业生产和其它金属的超疏水表面制备.     

静电纺丝制备超疏水TiO2纳米纤维网膜

采用静电纺丝技术构筑粗糙表面, 再使用廉价的低表面能物质硅油在煅烧过程中进行同步修饰, 制备出接触角大于150°, 滚动角小于5°的TiO2超疏水表面. 该超疏水表面具有由TiO2纳米纤维和微米尺寸颗粒状硅油高温分解产物织构而成的纳米纤维网膜结构, 这种特殊的微纳米复合粗糙结构和疏水性硅油分解产物的修饰作用导致TiO2纳米纤维网膜的超疏水性. 这种超疏水的TiO2材料为超疏水材料在防水织物、无损失液体运输和微流体等领域的应用提供了新的研究视野.     

喷砂-阳极氧化-氟化处理构筑铝合金超疏水表面

为研究复合法制备超疏水表面过程中主要工艺参数对表面形貌及超疏水性能的影响, 开发了一种喷砂-阳极氧化复合方法, 在铝合金表面构筑了微米-纳米二级结构, 经氟化处理后获得了超疏水特性. 结果表明, 喷砂处理在铝合金表面通过冲蚀的凹坑构筑出微米结构, 阳极氧化则在铝合金表面通过蜂窝状氧化膜构筑纳米结构. 但单纯构筑粗糙结构或单纯改变表面化学组成均不能在铝合金表面获得超疏水特性. 单纯的微米结构或纳米结构, 即使有低表面能聚合物修饰也不能获得超疏水特性. 只有微米-纳米二级结构和低表面能聚合物的协同作用, 才能有效构筑铝合金超疏水表面. 这种铝合金与水滴接触时, 形成的气阱可减小固体表面与水滴的接触面积, 降低表面与水滴间的热量交换, 从而减缓水分子的凝结, 提高铝合金的抗霜冻性. 同时, 气阱还可有效减缓海水的腐蚀, 提高铝合金的耐海水腐蚀性.     

基于水滴模板法的微纳复合超疏水结构制备的研究

利用粒子辅助水滴模板法的实施获得规则蜂窝状图案化多孔结构模板,并进一步利用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)复制转移技术获得表面具有微米尺寸蜂窝状突起阵列的反向图案化结构.以这种图案化突起结构作为微米尺寸所提供的微米级粗糙度为基础,设计了2种的简单的二次纳米结构的引入过程,最终实现了微米级阵列和纳米级粗糙度的复合.第一种方法借助银镜反应来实现纳米银结构的化学沉积,最终在PDMS阵列表面获得了致密的纳米银颗粒沉积层,并成功获得了表面接触角达166度的超疏水性质.第二种方法利用了聚电解质/二氧化硅粒子层层静电自组装的方法引入纳米结构,结果在仅仅进行了2个组装循环的条件下即可获得超疏水性质的表面复合结构.通过简单的实验设计试图提供一种基于水滴模板法的微纳复合超疏水结构的普适性制备方法.     

软模板印刷法制备超疏水性聚苯乙烯膜

首次利用软模板印刷的方法,以微米-亚微米-纳米复合结构的PDMS为软模板,在平滑聚苯乙烯表面上成功制备了同样具有微米-亚微米-纳米复合结构的超疏水表面,该表面与水的接触角高达161.2º。软模板印刷方法可以用在其它热塑性聚合物如聚丙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚碳酸酯等材料上,是一种简单有效地制备超疏水性表面的方法。     

铝合金表面超疏水涂层的制备及其耐蚀性能

基于含氟聚氨酯和纳米SiO₂的协同作用, 在铝合金表面成功制备了一层超疏水涂层. 用红外光谱、扫描电镜和电化学测试等技术对超疏水涂层进行了表征和分析. 红外光谱结果表明, 硅烷偶联剂(A1100)成功键合到纳米SiO₂表面. 扫描电镜和接触角测定仪对涂层的表面形貌表征结果表明, 涂层表面存在微米鄄亚微米尺度的粗糙结构, 接触角可达到156°, 滚动角小于5°. 电化学测试(交流阻抗和极化曲线)结果表明, 所得到的涂层极大地提高了铝合金的耐蚀性能.     

用含氟丙烯酸酯无规共聚物制备超疏水膜

用微乳液聚合法制备了丙烯酸全氟烷基乙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的无规共聚物,并对其进行了表征.采用溶剂挥发成膜法一步制备了具有超疏水性的该聚合物膜,水滴在该聚合物膜上的静态接触角可达151°~160°,滚动角小于3°.通过扫描电子显微镜观察发现该聚合物膜表面分布了许多乳突状突起和微孔洞,并具有微米和纳米尺度相结合的复合杂化结构.该类超疏水表面的形成是由适度粗糙的表面和低表面能相互结合引起的.探讨了该类超疏水膜的形成机理.     

超疏水低粘着铜表面制备及其防覆冰性能

用喷砂处理在铜片表面形成微米级丘陵状凹坑,再用表面氧化处理在铜片表面制备菊花花瓣状CuO纳米片.通过喷砂-表面氧化处理在铜片表面成功构建了微米-纳米复合结构,这种表面氟化后与水滴的接触角高达161°,滚动角低至1°,显示出优异的超疏水性和很低的粘着性.低温下,这种表面与水滴间的热量交换较小,水滴不易凝结,有效地提高了抗结霜性.抗结霜性良好的超疏水铜有望在热交换器或低温运行设备等领域获得应用,这种简便的超疏水铜表面的制备方法也给其它工程材料超疏水表面的工业化制备提供了一个思路.     

超疏水性聚二甲基硅氧烷膜的制备及其表面吸附性研究

采用简单的激光刻蚀方法制备了具有类“菜花”状多级结构的粗糙聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)膜, 并用CCD与高敏感性微电力学天平观察和测量PDMS表面对水的吸附情况. 结果表明, 该膜表面具有超疏水性, 同时对水滴具有超低的吸附力. 还对其表面特殊多级结构产生的机理进行了分析, 并探讨了在化学组成和表面结构对超疏水性以及吸附性产生的影响.     

铝合金表面原位自组装超疏水膜层的制备及耐蚀性能

采用阳极氧化法在铝合金表面原位构造粗糙结构, 经表面自组装硅氧烷后得到超疏水自清洁表面, 与水滴的接触角最大可达157.5°±2.0°, 接触角滞后小于3°. 通过傅立叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱分析仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和接触角测试对阳极氧化电流密度、硅氧烷溶液中水的含量和自组装时间等参数进行了分析, 并得到制备超疏水自清洁表面的最优工艺参数. FE-SEM及AFM的测试结果表明, 由自组装硅氧烷膜层的无序性形成的纳米结构和阳极氧化构造的微米级粗糙结构与硅氧烷膜层的低表面能的协同作用构成了稳定的超疏水表面. 电化学测试(动电位极化)的结果表明, 原位自组装超疏水膜层极大地提高了铝合金的耐蚀性.     

铝合金表面用化学刻蚀和阳极氧化法制备的超疏水膜层的耐蚀性能

通过化学刻蚀和阳极氧化在AA2024铝合金表面制备超疏水表面。当化学刻蚀时间超过3 min时,表面在很宽pH值范围内显示出水静态接触角大于150°。SEM和AFM照片表明化学刻蚀时间决定了试样表面形貌和粗糙度。FTIR用来研究氟硅烷(G502)与AA2024表面的结合。结果说明FAS(氟硅烷)分子与铝合金表面的三氧化二铝发生反应,并在阳极氧化膜层表面展示出优异的结合性能。超疏水表面的耐腐蚀性能通过在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中进行动电位极化和交流阻抗(EIS)测试。电化学测试结果和等效电路模型显示出超疏水表面显著改善抗腐蚀性能。     

A facile method for fabrication of superhydrophobic coating on aluminum alloy

A superhydrophobic coating applied in corrosion protection was successfully fabricated on the surface of aluminum alloy by chemical etching and surface modification. The water contact angle on the surface was measured to be 161.2° ± 1.7° with sliding angle smaller than 8°, and the superhydrophobic coating showed a long service life. The surface structure and composition were then characterized by means of SEM and XPS. The electrochemical measurements showed that the superhydrophobic coating significantly improved the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy. The superhydrophobic phenomenon of the prepared surface was analyzed with Cassie theory, and it was found that only about 6% of the water surface is in contact with the metal substrate and 94% is in contact with the air cushion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚苯硫醚超疏水复合涂层的制备与性能

利用工业原料聚苯硫醚微粉和疏水性二氧化硅纳米粉末,采用喷涂法在瓷砖表面制备了疏水复合涂层.研究了热处理温度、组分配比对涂层表面形貌、粗糙度和接触角的影响,发现随着热处理温度升高,涂层表面粗糙度增大,随着疏水性二氧化硅含量的增加,由于表面聚集的疏水性二氧化硅增多,涂层疏水性增强,在热处理温度为280℃、疏水性二氧化硅与聚苯硫醚质量比为1∶1时,可获得超疏水涂层,涂层的接触角大于150°,滚落角小于4°,pH值为1～14的水溶液在其表面都具有很高的接触角.超疏水涂层具有良好的自清洁效果,并且经落沙法实验测定,超疏水涂层耐刮伤性能良好.     

A novel superhydrophobic surface based on low‐density polyethylene/ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer thermoplastic vulcanizate

A novel superhydrophobic surface based on low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM) thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) was successfully fabricated where the etched aluminum foil was used as template. The etched aluminum template, consisted of countless micropores and step‐like textures, was obtained by metallographic sandpaper sanding and the subsequent acid etching. The surface morphology and the hydrophobic properties of the molded TPV surface were researched by using field emission scanning electron microscope and contact angle meter, respectively. From the microstructure observation of the superhydrophobic LDPE/EPDM TPV surface, the step‐like textures obtained via molding with etched aluminum foil template and a large number of fiber‐like structures resulted from the plastic deformation of LDPE matrix could be found obviously. The obtained TPV surface exhibited remarkable superhydrophobicity, with a contact angle of 152.0° ± 0.7° and a sliding angle of 3.1° ± 0.8°.     

A facial approach to fabricate superhydrophobic aluminum surface

A facial chemical etching method was developed for fabricating superhydrophobic aluminum surfaces. The resultant surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle (WCA) measurement, and optical methods. The surfaces of the modified aluminum substrates exhibit superhydrophobicity, with a WCA of 154.8° ± 1.6° and a water sliding angle of about 5°. The etched surfaces have binary structure consisting of the irregular microscale plateaus and caves in which there are the nanoscale block‐like convexes and hollows. The superhydrophobicity of aluminum substrates occurs only in some structures in which the plateaus and caves are appropriately ordered. The resulted surfaces have good self‐cleaning properties. The results demonstrate that it is possible to construct superhydrophobic surface on hydrophilic substrates by tailoring the surface structure to providing more spaces to trap air. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surface with Different Metal Films on Aluminum Alloy

A simple technique was developed for the fabrication of a superhydrophobic surface on the aluminum alloy sheets. Different hierarchical structures(Ag, Co, Ni and Zn) were formed on the aluminum surface by the galvanic replacement reactions. After the chemical modification of them with fluorination, the wettability of the surfaces was changed from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) and water contact angle measurement were performed to characterize the morphological characteristic, chemical composition and superhydrophobicity of the surfaces. The as-prepared superhydrophobic surfaces showed a water contact angle as high as ca.160° and sliding angle as low as ca.3°. We hope the method to produce superhydrophobic surface can be used in many fields.     

Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces by dislocation-selective chemical etching on aluminum, copper, and zinc substrates

A surface roughening method by simple chemical etching was developed for the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on three polycrystalline metals, namely aluminum, copper, and zinc. The key to the etching technique was the use of a dislocation etchant that preferentially dissolves the dislocation sites in the grains. The etched metallic surfaces, when hydrophobized with fluoroalkylsilane, exhibited superhydrophobic properties with water contact angles of larger than 150 degrees, as well as roll-off angles of less than 10 degrees for 8-microL drops. Also, the dislocation etching concept introduced here may be helpful in the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on other polycrystalline substrates.     

Facile Electrochemical Method for the Fabrication of Stable Corrosion-Resistant Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses

Both surface microstructure and low surface energy modification play a vital role in the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces. In this study, a safe and simple electrochemical method was developed to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces of Zr-based metallic glasses with high corrosion resistance. First, micro–nano composite structures were generated on the surface of Zr-based metallic glasses by electrochemical etching in NaCl solution. Next, stearic acid was used to decrease surface energy. The effects of electrochemical etching time on surface morphology and wettability were also investigated through scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. Furthermore, the influence of micro–nano composite structures and roughness on the wettability of Zr-based metallic glasses was analysed on the basis of the Cassie–Baxter model. The water contact angle of the surface was 154.3° ± 2.2°, and the sliding angle was <5°, indicating good superhydrophobicity. Moreover, the potentiodynamic polarisation test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy suggested excellent corrosion resistance performance, and the inhibition efficiency of the superhydrophobic surface reached 99.6%. Finally, the prepared superhydrophobic surface revealed excellent temperature-resistant and self-cleaning properties.     

Superhydrophobic silicon surfaces with micro-nano hierarchical structures via deep reactive ion etching and galvanic etching

An effective fabrication method combining deep reactive ion etching and galvanic etching for silicon micro-nano hierarchical structures is presented in this paper. The method can partially control the morphology of the nanostructures and enables us to investigate the effects of geometry changes on the properties of the surfaces. The forming mechanism of silicon nanostructures based on silver nanoparticle galvanic etching was illustrated and the effects of process parameters on the surface morphology were thoroughly discussed. It is found that process parameters have more impact on the height of silicon nanostructure than its diameter. Contact angle measurement and tilting/dropping test results show that as-prepared silicon surfaces with hierarchical structures were superhydrophobic. What's more, two-scale model composed of micropillar arrays and nanopillar arrays was proposed to study the wettability of the surface with hierarchical structures. Wettability analysis results indicate that the superhydrophobic surface may demonstrate a hybrid state at which water sits on nanoscale pillars and immerses into microscale grooves partially.     

Superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic surfaces fabricated by spark‐coating

In this study, the authors researched the preparations of superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic surfaces on commercial cup stock polyethylene coated papers by using sparked aluminum nanoparticles deposited on substrates through a sparking process. In this stage, the surface was porous and showed superhydrophilic properties. The samples were then annealed in air at various temperatures and some transformed to superhydrophobicity. It is well known that a suitable roughness in combination with low surface energy has been required to obtain superhydrophobic surfaces. Therefore, it is believed that during annealing process, when polyethylene is diffused from the substrate through the nanoparticle films and the superhydrophobic characteristics were created. The scanning electron microscope images showed that the film surfaces had a fluffy structure for both the as‐deposited and the annealed samples. However, the atomic force microscopy phase images showed completely different surface properties. Moreover, the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra showed different surface chemical compositions. The experimental results revealed that the working temperature to produce superhydrophobic surfaces depended on the sparked film thickness. Furthermore, in order to prove the assumption explained above, glass and poly (methyl methacrylate) were also used as substrates.