职业性铅接触与各生物接触参数间的关系评估

在对蓄电池厂１００名铅接触者的健康监护中，各项生物监测按规定的质量控制要求进行，并研究了其间的剂量效应关系，结果发现，空气中铅尘，铅烟低于最高容许多浓度，接触者的血铅，尿铅和ＦＥＰ呈非常显著相关（Ｐ〈０．０１），其中血铅有较好地定量反映接触铅工人体内的铅负荷，并提出了血铅的可接受水平。     

汽油铅与血铅的关系

论述了汽油铅对人体血铅水平的影响，主要内容包括：血铅水平与大气铅水平的关系，大气铅水平与加铅汽油耗量的关系，汽油铅耗量与居民血铅水平的关系。     

增量光度法测定巴氏合金中的杂质铅

采用铅偶氮胂Ⅲ光度法测定巴氏合金中的杂质铅时，由于溶液中铅的浓度低于吸光灵敏度最大区间的浓度，在溶液中分别加入等量的铅，使铅的浓度在吸光灵敏度最大区间浓度范围内，然后以光度法测定。研究了铅偶氮胂Ⅲ光度法的最佳条件。用该法测定标准样品中的铅，测定结果与标准值基本一致：精密度为0．0086％(n=4)。     

毁灭古罗马帝国的元凶——铅

也许您不知道，一个小小的铅元素就毁灭了一个国家，它就是古罗马帝国。公元前146年，罗马人以铅为荣，铅成为罗马贵族的日常生活用品，例如葡萄酿酒加铅后，不但可以去掉酸味，而且色彩鲜艳，酒味香甜；     

两种含锌化合物对慢性染铅大鼠海马NADPH-d阳性神经元影响的比较

为探讨硫酸锌(ZnSO4)和牛磺酸锌(TZC)拮抗铅对学习记忆的损害的不同，采用NADPH-黄递酶(NADPH-d)组化，观察了饮用含0.2g／L醋酸铅(PbAc)饮水和含不同剂量(5．0，15．0g／kg)ZnSO4、(5．9、17．7g／kg)TZC饲料喂养的大鼠海马一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化。结果表明，各补锌组均不同程度地缓解铅致NOS活力减低，铅 低TZC组、铅 高ZnSO4组和铅 低ZnSO4组大鼠海马神经元的NOS活性明显高于染铅组，其中铅 低TZC组的保护作用最显著，而铅 高TZC组的NOS活性明显低于对照组，而接近染铅组水平。结论是锌对抗铅的毒性作用与锌的化学结合形式、锌的剂量密切相关。     

4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚显色-分光光度法测定无机铅和烷基铅

１引言铅是公路两侧大气监测中重点控制的重金属元素。不同形态铅的毒性差异很大，其中三烷基铅的毒性最大。我国目前尚无大气中烷基铅的监测方法，用分光光度法进行铅形态分析也未见报道。本文报道了４－（２－吡啶偶氮）间苯二酚（ＰＡＲ）显色－分光光度法测定无机铅、二乙基铅和三乙基铅的方法，有较好的回收率和精密度，可用于测定大气飘尘中的烷基铅。二实验部分２．１仪器及试剂７２２型分光光度计，ｐＨＤ－１１型数字式酸度计。０．２４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ二乙基铅（ＰｂＥｔ２）、三乙基铅（ＰｂＥｔ３）和０．４８０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ无机…     

利用铅同位素比值判断丹参不同产地来源

建立了用微柱流动注射与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用的铅同位素比值测量方法。利用铅与5-磺基-8-羟基喹啉的螯合反应在线分离测定丹参样品中的铅同位素比值，并利用铅同位素比值的分布进行中药丹参产地来源的研究。实验结果表明，相同地区来源的丹参样品其铅同位素比值分布相对集中，而不同地区来源的丹参，铅的同位素比值则有明显的区别。因此，铅的同位素比值可作为中药材的产地来源判别依据。     

铅的生物富集效应

铅以微量元素的含量水平，广泛分布于动、植物的人体中。对比大量的动植物种群及各种年龄组的人群，似乎铅在一定的分子组态，特别是生物有机铅，不一定都是有害物质。相反可起一定的新陈代谢调节作用。或者可称为新陈代谢调节剂。特别是在动物、植物、人体中铅为微量、超微量状态时，铅更显现调节作用。     

清洁工艺生产铅

一种新的湿法炼铅方法——碳酸化转化法，铅转化率达９０％以上，元素硫生成率为８０％以上。ＰｂＣＯ３可电解成金属铅或制成１０种铅化工产品。元素硫便于储存和运输。矿石中的ＦｅｘＳｙ对转化有催化作用。该方法彻底消除了火法炼铅过程中铅蒸气和二氧化硫对环境的污染，实现了清洁生产。     

铅暴露与儿童智力、行为关系的研究

为研究儿童智力，行为与儿童发铅浓度之间的关系，来对自医院儿童心理咨询门诊6－12岁就诊儿童共62名，用中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表进行了智力测验，同时测试了儿童发铅水平，并进行相关分析，为控制其他混杂因子，应用广义线性模型（CLM）分析了发铅对儿童智商的作用，结果表明，发铅与儿童智商呈显著负相关，发铅对儿童智力有害。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Structure of the products of the metabolism of deoxypeganine and of deoxyvasicinone

The structures of the main components of the total metabolites of the anticholinesterase drug deoxypeganine (DOP) and its analog deoxyvasicinone (DOV) in the rat organism have been studied. The structures of two metabolites of DOP and DOV — 11-hydroxydeoxyvasicinone and 2-(-ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl-4-quinazoline — have been determined by the PMR method. On the basis of their structures and the results of measurements of the elementary compositions of ions, the fragmentation of the compounds has been elucidated. A minor component of the total metabolites has been isolated by chromato-mass spectrometry and for it the structure of 6-methoxydide-hydrovasicinone is proposed. A scheme of the metabolism of DOP and DOV has been put forward.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 758–766, November–December, 1983.     

Investigation of the products of the oxidation of gossypol structure of gossindan

A new compound, which we have called gossindan, has been isolated from the products of the oxidation of gossypol by oxygen in an alkaline medium. The structure of gossindan has been established on the basis of a study of IR, mass, PMR, and¹³C NMR spectra and x-ray structural analysis as 6,6-di-(2,7-dihydroxy-3-isopropyl-5-methylindan-1-one).A. S. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Fax 627071. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 50–58, January–February, 1994.