结构DNA纳米技术应用新进展

DNA具有非凡的分子识别性能和显著的结构特征,这使得它在材料的纳米级调控方面具有独特的优越性,在许多领域也展现出广阔的应用前景。本文从模块化DNA自组装和DNA折纸术两个方面综述了近些年DNA纳米技术,包括近年来DNA纳米技术中比较新型的组装方法;并从DNA纳米结构作为模板定位纳米粒子和蛋白以及用于生物医药等方面介绍了DNA纳米技术的应用;同时,对DNA纳米技术发展及应用进行了展望。     

结构DNA纳米技术

DNA简单的配对原理A-T/C-G创造了丰富多彩的生物世界。DNA纳米技术将DNA从传统的基因图计划拓展成为建筑模块,用以构建功能纳米结构。本文综述了DNA自组装的原理,以及近年来结构DNA纳米技术研究中一些令人鼓舞的进展,其中包括构建二维和三维DNA纳米结构,以及DNA引导的多组分二维和三维纳米结构的最新成果,并对其研究前沿进行了展望。     

DNA纳米技术的研究及应用*

以纳米材料为标志的纳米技术研究已掀起高潮,并已经渗入到包括生物医学在内的诸多学科。作为生物大分子之一的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）由于具有独特的理化性质,被广泛用于构造各种纳米结构、生物器件和仿生构件。目前DNA纳米技术已成为分子生物学和纳米科学中最为活跃的研究领域,它为纳米器件的制作提供了一种新技术、新方法,对分子级电子元件的研究具有深远的意义,在DNA计算机、纳米生物机械及基因治疗等方面占有一席之地,成为生物化学中一个极具生命力的科学前沿。作者在自己工作的基础上,跟踪国际前沿技术对DNA纳米技术的研究进展及应用作了较为详细的评述。     

DNA纳米结构的生物安全性研究

DNA纳米结构的生物安全性研究对于其在生命科学领域的应用具有重要的意义.本文首先简单介绍了DNA纳米技术的发展以及DNA纳米结构的特点,重点分体外细胞和体内动物两个层次,综述了近年来DNA纳米结构的生物安全性研究进展,并对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

基于DNA纳米结构的分子间相互作用研究

研究生物分子间的相互作用是研究生命本质过程中必不可少的环节.近年来,DNA纳米技术在分子间相互作用的研究中发挥了重要作用,取得了一系列进展. DNA纳米结构具有高度的可编程性和可寻址性,可以利用这些性质采取不同的方式将待测体系修饰在DNA纳米结构上,而且可以精确控制分子的排布、种类、数目等,因此可以作为研究分子间相互作用的模板.在此基础上结合单分子技术,如单分子荧光成像(SMF)、原子力显微术等(AFM),可以实现对单个分子的行为观测.本文首先简述了DNA纳米结构作为研究平台的构建,然后对DNA纳米结构在研究分子间相互作用中的应用进行了阐述,包括用作锚定平台、提供具有一定机械性能的支架以及提供纳米级的微环境,最后对DNA纳米技术的发展进行了总结与展望.     

DNA折纸术纳米反应器

基于DNA折纸技术,构建具有纳米尺度可寻址的新型DNA纳米反应器,是DNA纳米技术领域的一个最新研究思路和方向。它的优势首先在于其纳米定位能力,通过不同的化学或生物相互作用,已能够实现对包括化学小分子、生物大分子及人工纳米材料等的纳米级精确定位;其次,DNA折纸结构的丰富多样性,使构建纳米级仿生限域环境成为了可能;此外,DNA折纸结构本身的生物相容性及优良的产率,也保证了这一材料的可应用性。本文首先介绍了在DNA折纸结构上,对不同材料和分子进行纳米定位的一般方法和最新进展。然后,着重阐述了基于纳米定位技术,以DNA折纸结构作为纳米反应器,对一些化学、生化反应的成功调控。最后,基于现有的工作基础,我们提出了DNA折纸术纳米反应器概念在未来的发展方向及应用前景展望。     

程序自组装DNA纳米花封装酶分子用于光热法检测循环肿瘤细胞

DNA纳米技术在生物传感领域引起人们广泛的研究兴趣,现已构建多种二维和三维DNA功能纳米结构.滚环扩增(RCA)作为一种等温扩增技术,为DNA纳米材料的设计和自组装提供了新途径.该文通过RCA一锅法合成封装有辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的DNA纳米花(HRP@DNFs),进一步基于双核酸适体识别构建光热生物传感器,用于肝细...     

DNA自组装结构在纳米诊疗中的应用

DNA分子具有良好的生物相容性和可编程性,被广泛用于构建新型纳米生物材料.研究者利用DNA纳米技术已构建了尺寸、形貌及对称性精确可控且可对环境条件做出特异性响应的DNA自组装结构,它们在生物成像及检测、药物的精准输送等纳米诊疗领域有着极大的应用潜力.然而, DNA纳米材料应用于活体系统存在稳定性不足、细胞摄取效率不高以及药物的包裹及可控释放程度不够等问题.本文简述了DNA自组装结构的构建方法以及将这些结构用于生物成像、生物检测和药物载带方面的进展,概括了提高DNA自组装结构体内稳定性及细胞摄取效率的方法,最后讨论了DNA自组装结构应用于纳米诊疗中所面临的机遇与尚待解决的问题.     

新型生物传感器可提高检测灵敏度

中科院上海应用物理研究所、苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所、复旦大学中山医院、上海计量测试技术研究院合作开发了一种基于DNA纳米结构修饰界面的电化学生物传感器,用于microRNA肿瘤靶标的超灵敏检测,相关工作已于不久前     

固相纳米孔对核酸组装的“免标记、均相”表征和应用探索

随着核酸自组装领域的飞速发展,除了作为遗传信息的载体外,核酸成为了一种具有高操作自由度和无限可能性的功能材料.基于核酸自组装原理的DNA纳米技术凭借其强大的可编辑性已经广泛应用于生物传感、纳米材料工程、医学诊疗以及分子计算机等领域.纳米孔作为一种新兴的单分子分析技术具有高分辨、高通量、免标记等特点,近年来在基因测序、分子物理化学性质分析等领域展示出了极大的应用潜力.作为一种新型高分辨表征技术,纳米孔已经在DNA纳米技术研究中崭露头角,被用于原位追踪和分析核酸分子的自组装行为.另一方面,DNA纳米技术也为纳米孔传感所面临的技术瓶颈提供了更多样化的解决思路,如借助功能核酸(Aptamer或DNAzyme)和无酶扩增核酸分子线路实现纳米孔对待测物的特异性增敏检测.本专论旨在通过对近期纳米孔技术与核酸自组装的跨领域研究成果进行系统性回顾,总结并展望纳米孔传感领域内核酸自组装的研究进展,以期为单分子生物分析、信息检索、基因分型和临床诊断等领域提供新思路和新方法.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.