双功能催化剂Nix/MgyAl2O y+3用于丁酮烷基化反应

以Nix/zMgy/zAl2/z(OH)2(CO3)1/z(z=x+y+2,x=0.2、1,5≤y≤11.8)水滑石为前驱体,经高温焙烧和H2还原后得到了一系列可用于甲醇-丁酮(MEK)烷基化反应的Nix/MgyAl2Oy+3(x=0.2、1,5≤y≤11.8)双功能催化剂,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、程序升温还原(TPR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)等技术对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征。活性实验结果发现Ni/Mg9Al2O12催化剂具有较好的活性,在常压、温度280℃、原料液时空速(LHSV)6.0 h-1的条件下,丁酮的转化率为61.6%,3?戊酮(DEK)和3?甲基?2?丁酮(MIPK)的选择性分别为45.0%和17.7%。表征结果表明催化剂中合适的活性金属Ni和MgO含量对提高DEK和MIPK的选择性具有重要的影响,Ni与催化剂表面碱量之间的协同作用可能是影响催化剂的活性和选择性的主要因素。     

Über das System BaFe1−xRuxO3−y

In the system BaFe_1?xRu_xO_3?y three phases, separated by immiscibility gaps, are present: an Fe-rich phase (x = 0-0.75) with hexagonal BaTiO₃ structure (6H; sequence (hcc)₂), a Ru-rich phase (x = 0.9) of hexagonal 4H type (sequence (hc)₂), and the pure Ru compound BaRuO₃ with rhombohedral 9R structure (sequence (hhc)₃). By vibrational spectroscopic investigations in the 6H phase a transition from n-type semiconduction (Fe-rich oxygen-deficient compounds) to good, metal-like conduction (Ru-rich compounds with complete oxygen lattice) can be detected. The 4H and 9R stacking polytypes are good, metal-like conductors.     

cis-trans Germanium chains in the intermetallic compounds ALi1-xInxGe2 and A2(Li1-xInx)2Ge3 (A=Sr, Ba, Eu)—experimental and theoreticalstudies

Two types of strontium-, barium- and europium-containing germanides have been synthesized using high temperature reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All reported compounds also contain mixed-occupied Li and In atoms, resulting in quaternary phases with narrow homogeneity ranges. The first type comprises EuLi_0.91(1)In_0.09Ge₂, SrLi_0.95(1)In_0.05Ge₂ and BaLi_0.99(1)In_0.01Ge₂, which crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (BaLi_0.9Mg_0.1Si₂ structure type, Pearson code oP16). The lattice parameters are a=7.129(4)-7.405(4) Å; b=4.426(3)-4.638(2) Å; and c=11.462(7)-11.872(6) Å. The second type includes Eu₂Li_1.36(1)In_0.64Ge₃ and Sr₂Li_1.45(1)In_0.55Ge₃, which adopt the orthorhombic space group Cmcm (Ce₂Li₂Ge₃ structure type, Pearson code oC28) with lattice parameters a=4.534(2)-4.618(2) Å; b=19.347(8)-19.685(9) Å; and c=7.164(3)-7.260(3) Å. The polyanionic sub-structures in both cases feature one-dimensional Ge chains with alternating Ge-Ge bonds in cis- and trans-conformation. Theoretical studies using the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) method provide the rationale for optimizing the overall bonding by diminishing the π-p delocalization along the Ge chains, accounting for the experimentally confirmed substitution of Li forIn.     

Molecular and crystal structure of a hexacoordinated phosphorus compound,F4PC(R1R2)N(H)C(NR32)NH (R1=Me, R2=i-Bu, R3=i-Pr)

Conclusions An x-ray diffraction structural analysis was carried out for crystal and molecular structures of a new nexacoordinated phosphorus compound, F₄PC(R¹R²⁾N(H)C(NR³ ₂₎NH (R¹=Me, R²=i-Bu, R³=i-Pr). The five-membered heterocycle in this compound has envelope conformation with puckering at the octahedrally coordinated phosphorus atom.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 936–937, April, 1988.     

The crystal structure of a new nonstoichiometric phase Cs1−xLu3F10−x (x ⋍ 0.25)

A high-temperature phase with the formula $\text{Cs}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Lu}{}_3\text{F}{}_{\mathrm{10?x}}\text{(x ? 0.25)}$ has been characterized during the investigation of the CsFLuF₃ system. This phase crystallizes in the monoclinic system with unit-cell dimensions a = 13.764(5) Å, b = 7.947(1) Å, c = 4.299(2)Å, β = 90.04(5)° and space group Cm (No. 8), Z = 2. The structure was solved by conventional Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to a conventional R of 0.053 (R_w = 0.079) for 2038 independent reflections recorded on an automatic four-circle diffractometer. The structure may be regarded as built up of (Lu₃F₁₀)^? layers that may be described as corner- and edge-shared LuF₇ pentagonal bipyramids. These layers run parallel to the (001) plane. The structure extends along the third direction by cornersharing involving axial vertices of the pentagonal bipyramids. This three-dimensional framework delimits tunnels running parallel to the c direction where the Cs⁺ ions lie. The partial occupancies of both the Cs site and one out of the seven independent fluorine sites results in the nonstoichiometry.     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料Nd2-xSrxCuO4的制备与性能研究

采用固相法合成了类钙钛矿结构的中温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT-SOFC)阴极材料Nd2-xSrxCuO4(简称NSC,x=0.0～0.1).通过XRD和SEM对材料进行了表征.结果表明该阴极材料与电解质Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.9(CGO)在1 000℃烧结4 h后不发生化学反应,具有良好的化学相容性;且烧结后二者之间能形成良好的接触界面.利用交流阻抗谱研究了电极的性能.发现随着Sr掺杂量的增加,极化电阻逐渐减小,其中Nd1.93Sr0.07CuO4在空气中的极化电阻最小,750℃时仅为0.14 Ω·cm2.700℃时,电极反应的速率控制步骤为电极上发生的电荷转移过程.     

Geometrical isomerization of fac/mer-Mo(CO)3(phosphite)3 and cis/trans-Mo(CO)4(phosphite)2 catalyzed by Me3SiOSO2CF3

Geometrical isomerization of fac-Mo(CO)₃L₃ (L = P(OPh)₃, P(OMe)₃, P(OEt)₃) to the mer form and that of cis-Mo(CO)₄L₂ (L = P(OPh)₃, P(OMe)₃, PPh₂(OMe)) to the trans form were observed in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of Me₃SiOSO₂CF₃ (TMSOTf). Crossover experiments suggest that a ligand dissociation is not involved in the isomerization. A catalytic cycle involving an interaction of the silicon atom in Me₃Si⁺ with one oxygen in P(OR)₃ ligands has been proposed. The first isolation and the X-ray structure analysis were attained for mer-Mo(CO)₃{P(OPh)₃}₃ through the TSMOTf-assisted isomerization of fac-Mo(CO)₃{P(OPh)₃}₃.     

ZnCl2-氨基酸 (Leu/Try/Val/Thr)-H2O体系的等温溶度

The solubility properties of the zinc chloride amino acids(Leu/Try/ Val/Thr) water systems at 25 ℃ in the whole concentration range have been investigated by equilibrium method, the corresponding phase diagrams and refractive index curves were constructed. The results indicate the formation of the congruently soluble compound of Zn(Leu)Cl2（A） in Leu system and the incongruently soluble compounds of Zn(Try)Cl2•1/2H2O(B)、 Zn(Val)Cl2 •H2O(C)、 Zn(Val)2Cl2(D)、 Zn(Thr)Cl2•H2O(E) and Zn(Thr)2Cl2(F) in Try/Val/Thr systems, which have not been reported in literature. According to the phase equilibrium result, six solid complexes have been prepared in water, and their compositions have been determined by chemical analysis which are consistent with the results of phase diagrams.     

MoO3 / Al2O3、MoO3 / TiO2与NiO-MoO3 / TiO2催化剂上活性相还原行为的XPS考察

The H_2 reduction behaviours of MoO_3/Al_2O_3, MoO_3/TiO_2 and NiO-MoO_3/TiO_2 samples prepared by impregnation method were studied at various temperatures for different times by XPS technique. The recored XPS spectra of Mo3d from those samples were treated by computer curve fittingprogram to measure the distribution of various molybdenum oxide species with different valence states. The results of computer fitting shows that there areMo(Ⅵ), Mo(Ⅴ)and Mo(Ⅳ) on the all of reduced samples. However, after H_2 reductonin same way, the percentage of low valence species Mo(V) and Mo(IV) on the MoO_3/TiO_2 is much higher than on the MoO_3/Al_2O3 (Fig.2). For example, after H_2 treatment at 500 ℃ for 2 hrs., Mo(IV) species on the surface of MoO_3/TiO_2 sample is about 60% and it is three times higher than what is found on the MoO_3/Al_2O_3 sample. In addition, the reduction of molybdena on TiO_2 support is much easier and faster than on Al_2O_3 support (Fig.3). Addition of NiO further promotes the reduction of molybdena to cause the strting reduction temperature producing Mo(IV) and Mo(V) to be decreased about 100 ℃. and 80% of molyb dena on NiO-MoO_3/TiO_2 support could be reduced to Mo(IV) (Fig.2). A detail discussion about the interaction between molybdena and carries was presented. It was suggested that TiO_2 is certainly involved in the reduction and oxidation process of molybdenum oxide species on the surface of it.     

THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS FOR SINGLET MOLECULAR OXYGEN, O2(1△g) and O2 (1σ8+)

Abstract— A correction is offered to the approximate values previously given by Mendenhall (1978) for the enthalpy of formation and entropy of O₂(a₁Δ_g) and O₂(b₁₊) between 298 and 1500 K. Accurate values have been calculated for the functions together with the equilibrium constants for the formation of these species from O₂(X₃σ_g-).     

一氧化碳在高温超导体型的Ba2-xSrxYCu3O7-a上的催化氧化

用粉末XRD法、EXAFS法,激光喇曼散射法、热重法和高真空质谱TPD法研究了超导体型氧化还原催化剂Ba_(2-x)Sr_xYCu_3O_(7-α)(x=0,0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00)的物理化学性质, 并用常压连续流动法测定了它们的CO催化氧化活性, 得到了催化剂氧化反应活性大小与催化剂的可失氧量(即晶胞中O_I 位置上的氧量)之间存在着线性关系的结论.     

溶胶凝胶-软模板法制备LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料及其电化学性能研究

在溶胶凝胶法中引入了软模板十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)制备了LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂正极材料。采用X射线衍射法(XRD),扫描电镜法(SEM),循环伏安法(CV),交流阻抗法(EIS)及充放电测试等手段对材料进行了表征。结果表明,在750 ℃下煅烧12 h加入或不加SDS都能得到结晶较好具有六方层状α-NaFeO₂结构的LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂。SEM显示引入SDS辅助制备的目标材料颗粒细小,约60～300 nm,分散均匀,部分颗粒呈类球状形貌。而没有添加表面活性剂制备的材料粒径范围约250～600 nm,并且部分颗粒有团聚现象。在2.8～4.3 V(vs Li/Li⁺),0.5C倍率下,SDS辅助制备和没有添加表面活性剂制备的材料首次放电比容量分别为136.8、123.4 mAh·g^-1,50次循环后容量保持率分别为90.3%,73.8%。2C和5C下的充放电测试结果都显示SDS的加入能有效改善材料的倍率性能。归因于颗粒更细小,分散更均匀及较小的晶胞体积,SDS辅助制备的材料电荷传递阻抗远小于无表面活性剂辅助制备的材料是其倍率性能得到明显提高的重要原因。     

高Tc YBa2Cu3O7-δ起导相生成的机理

The Y-Ba-Cu mixed oxide system is obtained when any kinds of materials containing Y, Ba, Cu are heated at 850 ℃. when heated to 900 ℃, an oxygen-rich tetragonal phase I (YBa_2Cu_3O_(6.9)) is formed. At 930 ℃, an oxygen-deficient tetragonal phase Ⅱ (YBa_2Cu_3O_6) appears, and the oxygens at positions (1/2, 0,0) and (0,1/2,0) are almost drived out. The oxygen absorbed above 650 ℃ are equally distributed onto (1/2,0,0) and (0,1/2,0), the amount of which varies with temperature. It is absorbed oxygen that migrates easily from (0, 1/2, 0) to (1/2, 0, 0) as the tetragonal phase transits into the orthorhombic phase at 650 ℃, which makes differences in oxygen-ocupancy at these two positions, such that the structure deviates from tetragonality and the superconduting properties are improved.     

Cu/Zn/Al/Mn催化剂上CO/CO2加氢合成甲醇特性研究

利用共沉淀法制备了四组分的Cu-Zn-Al-Mn和Cu-Zn-Al-Ce催化剂以及三组分的Cu-Zn-Al催化剂。利用组成H2/CO/CO2/N2=66/27/3/4(体积比)的富CO原料气对催化剂进行了活性评价，并研究了温度、压力和空速等反应条件对催化剂活性的影响。结果发现添加适量的锰助剂能显著提高催化剂的活性和热稳定性。利用SEM和XRD方法进行了催化剂的结构和形貌表征，同样表明锰助剂可以起到阻止CuO晶粒长大和促进CuO分散作用。利用富CO2的生物质原料气体积比为H2/CO/CO2/N2=50/25/20/5对Cu-Zn-Al-Mn催化剂进行的评价表明：Cu-Zn-Al-Mn催化剂上CO/CO2加氢合成甲醇的甲醇产率和选择性均有下降，在试验范围内，甲醇产率下降11％～25％，选择性为93％～95％。     

Synthesis and crystal structures of (C8h8)Nd(C5H9C5H4) (THF)2 and [(C8H8)Gd(C5H9C4H4(THF)][(C8H8)GD(C5H9C5H4(THF)2]

LnCl₃ (Ln=Nd, Gd) reacts with C₅H₉C₅H₄Na (or K₂C₈H₈) in THF (C₅H₉C₅H₄ = cyclopentylcyclopentadienyl) in the ratio of 1 : to give (C₅H₉C₅H₄)LnCl₂(THF)_n (orC₈H₈)LnCl₂(THF)_n], which further reacts with K₂C₈H₈ (or C₅H₉C₅H₄Na) in THF to form the litle complexes. If Ln=Nd the complex (C₈H₈)Nd(C₅H₉C₅H₄)(THF)₂ (a) was obtained: when Ln=Gd the 1 : 1 complex [(C₈H₈)Gd(C_%H₉)(THF)][(C₈H₈)Gd(C₅H₉H₄)(THF)₂] (b) was obtained in crystalline form.

The crystal structure analysis shows that in (C₈H₈)Ln(C₅H₉C₅H₄)(THF)₂ (Ln=Nd or Gd), the Cyclopentylcyclopentadieny (η⁵), cyclooctatetraenyl (η⁸) and two oxygen atoms from THF are coordinated to Nd³⁺ (or Gd³⁺) with coordination number 10.

The centroid of the cyclopentadienyl ring (Cp′) in C₅H₉C₅H₄ group, cyclooctatetraenyl centroid (COTL) and two oxygens (THF) form a twisted tetrahedron around Nd³⁺ (or Gd³⁺). In (C₈H₈)Gd(C₅H₉C₅H₄)(THF), the cyclopentyl-cyclopentadienyl (η⁵), cyclooctatetraenyl (η⁸) and one oxygen atom are coordinated to Gd³⁺ with the coordination number of 9 and Cp′, COT and oxygen atom form a triangular plane around Gd³⁺, which is almost in the plane (dev. -0.0144 Å).     

Lanthanum Gallium Tin Antimonides LaGaxSnySb2

A series of quaternary lanthanum gallium tin antimonides LaGa_xSn_ySb₂ was elaborated to trace the structural evolution between the known end members LaGaSb₂ (SmGaSb₂-type) and LaSn_ySb₂ (LaSn_0.75Sb₂-type). Five members of this series were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. For low Sn content, the Sn atoms disorder with Ga atoms in zigzag chains to form solid solutions LaGa_1-ySn_ySb₂ (0≤y≤0.2) adopting the SmGaSb₂-type structure, as exemplified by LaGa_0.92(3)Sn_0.08Sb₂ and LaGa_0.80(3)Sn_0.20Sb₂ (orthorhombic, space group D⁵₂−C222₁,Z=4). For higher Sn and lower Ga content, there is a segregation in which the Sn atoms appear in chains of closely spaced partially occupied sites as in the parent LaSn_0.75Sb₂-type structure whereas the Ga atoms remain in zigzag chains as in the parent SmGaSb₂-type structure. This feature is observed in the structures of LaGa_0.68(4)Sn_0.31(3)Sb₂, LaGa_0.62(3)Sn_0.32(3)Sb₂, and LaGa_0.43(3)Sn_0.39(3)Sb₂ (orthorhombic, space group D¹⁷_2h−Cmcm,Z=4). The last example illustrates that the combined Ga/Sn content can be substoichiometric (x+y<1). These compounds have a layered nature, with the chains of Ga or Sn atoms residing between ²_∞[LaSb₂] slabs.     

GCE/DNA/PFS/RTIL/HRP修饰电极的制备及其电催化行为

将辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）固定在室温离子液体（RTIL）/聚二茂铁硅烷（PFS）/DNA复合材料修饰的玻碳电极（GCE）表面,构建了GCE/DNA/PFS/RTIL/HRP修饰电极,详细地研究了该修饰电极的电催化行为,优化了电解质溶液的pH值和RTIL的体积对催化过氧化氢（H2O2）的影响。 电化学实验结果表明,DNA、PFS和RTIL复合膜既为HRP提供了一个生物兼容的微环境;又有效地促进了电子在HRP和电极表面之间的传递。 在最优实验条件下,该修饰电极对H2O2具有快速的催化响应,在2 s内即可达到稳态电流的95%,其响应在3.25 μmol/L~1.47 mmol/L（r=0.999,n=10）和1.86~5.35 mmol/L（r=0.996,n=12）范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.86 μmol/L。 该传感器灵敏度高、重现性和稳定性好。 此外,该修饰电极还能催化O2还原。     

Solubility of (UO2)3(PO4)2?4H2O in H+-Na+-OH?-H2PO?4-HPO2?4-PO3?4-H2O and Its Comparison to the Analogous PuO2 +2 System

The objectives of this study were to address uncertainties in the solubility product of (UO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(c) and in the phosphate complexes of U(VI), and more importantly to develop needed thermodynamic data for the Pu(VI)-phosphate system in order to ascertain the extent to which U(VI) and Pu(VI) behave in an analogous fashion. Thus studies were conducted on (UO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(c) and (PuO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(am) solubilities for long-equilibration periods (up to 870 days) in a wide range of pH values (2.5 to 10.5) at fixed phosphate concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 M, and in a range of phosphate concentrations (0.0001–1.0 M) at fixed pH values of about 3.5. A combination of techniques (XRD, DTA/TG, XAS, and thermodynamic analyses) was used to characterize the reaction products. The U(VI)-phosphate data for the most part agree closely with thermodynamic data presented in Guillaumont et al.,⁽¹⁾ although we cannot verify the existence of several U(VI) hydrolyses and phosphate species and we find the reported value for formation constant of UO₂PO⁻₄ is in error by more than two orders of magnitude. A comprehensive thermodynamic model for (PuO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(am) solubility in the H⁺-Na⁺-OH⁻-Cl⁻-H₂PO⁻₄-HPO²⁻₄-PO³⁻₄-H₂O system, previously unavailable, is presented and the data shows that the U(VI)-phosphate system is an excellent analog for the Pu(VI)-phosphate system.     

Homochiral cyclopentane-based C1-symmetric P,P ligands C5H8(PPh2)(PR2) from C2-symmetric C5H8(PCl2)2

Treatment of 1,2-trans-C₅H₈(PCl₂)₂ with 1,2-C₂H₄(NHPr-i)₂ gave the C₂-symmetric perhydro-1,6,2,5-diazaphosphocine C₅H₈{P(Cl)N(Pr-i)CH₂}₂-cyclo, which produced dissymmetric C₅H₈(PPh₂){P[N(Pr-i)CH₂]₂-cyclo} on further reaction with PhMgBr. Cleavage of the P---N bonds with gaseous HCl afforded C₅H₈(PPh₂)(PCl₂), which was converted to C₅H₈(PPh₂){P(OPh)₂}₂ by reaction with phenol. All chiral P,P derivatives were obtained as racemates as well as resolved (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-enantiomers.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of Bi6.4Pb0.6P2O15.2: A new polymorph in the series Bi6+xM1−xP2O15+y

Bi_6.4Pb_0.6P₂O_15.2 is a polymorph of structures with the general stoichiometry Bi_6+xM_1−xP₂O_15+y. However, unlike previously published structures that consist of layers formed by edge sharing OBi₄ tetrahedra bridged by PO₄ and TO₆ (T=transition metal) tetrahedra and octahedra the title compound's structure is more complex. It is monoclinic, C2, a=19.4698(4) Å, b=11.3692(3) Å, c=16.3809(5) Å, β=101.167(1)°, Z=10. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were refined by least squares on F² converging to R₁=0.0387, wR₂=0.0836 for 7023 intensities. The crystal twins by mirror reflection across (001) as the twin plane and twin component 1 equals 0.74(1). Oxygen ions are in tetrahedral coordination to four metal ions and the O(BiPb)₄ units share corners to form layers that are part of the three-dimensional framework. Eight oxygen ions form a cube around the two crystallographically independent Pb ions. Pb-O bond lengths vary from 2.265(14) to 2.869(14) Å. Pairs of such cubes share an edge to form a Pb₃O₂₀ unit. The two oxygen ions from the unshared edges are part of irregular Bi polyhedra. Other oxygen ions of Bi polyhedra are part only of O(BiPb)₄ units, and some oxygen ions of the polyhedra are also part of PO₄ tetrahedra. One, two, three and or four PO₄ moieties are connected to the Bi polyhedra. Bi-O bond lengths ?3.1 Å vary from 2.090(12) to 3.07(3) Å. The articulations of Pb cubes, Bi polyhedra and PO₄ tetrahedra link into the three-dimensional structure.