La1-xCarCrO3体系复合氧化物的甘氨酸-硝酸盐法合成与表征

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法(GNP)合成了La1-xCarCrO3(x=0～0．3)体系复合氧化物粉料，对合成产物的粉体结构和性能进行了表征，研究了体系组成及合成方法对材料烧结性能和导电性能的影响。实验结果表明，在La1-xCarCrO3体系中Ca^2 离子的引入促进了材料的烧结，随着Ca^2 离子含量的增加，材料的烧结致密度和导电性能明显提高。与常规固相法相比，GNP法合成的粉料颗粒细小均匀(100～200nm)，烧结活性高，其烧结体在1400℃以下即可达到较高的烧结致密度和良好的电性能。     

La0.6Sr0.4Co1-yFeyO3(y=0.2,0.8)复合氧化物混合导电性能研究

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐（GNP）法制备了La0．6Sr0．4Co1-yFeyO3（y=0．2，0．8）g合氧化物，研究了材料的结构、电子-离子混合导电性能及其相关性。结果表明，La0.6Sr0.4Co1-yFeyO3（y=0．2，0．8）合成粉料的颗粒细小均匀（～100nm），陶瓷形成菱形六面体钙钛矿结构。与La0．6Sr0．4Co0．2Fe0．8O3（y=0．8）陶瓷相比，La0.6Sr0.4Co0．8Fe0．2O3（y=0．2）陶瓷的晶粒尺寸大、致密度较高。在La0.6Sr0.4Co0．8Fe0．2O3（y=0．2）陶瓷中观察到Co^3＋离子歧化对电子导电性能的影响。与La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3（y=0．8）陶瓷相比，La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0．2O3（y=0．2）陶瓷具有更优异的电子-离子混合导电性能，材料在混合导电性能上的差异与其电子结构和显微结构紧密相关。     

La0．6Sr0．4Col—yFeyO3钙钛矿复合氧化物的GNP法合成与导电性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐(GNP)法合成出La0．6Sr0．4Col-yFeyO3(y=0-1.0)体系复合氧化物，对合成产物的结构、烧结性能和导电性进行了表征．研究结果表明．不同n(Co)／n(Fe)比的合成粉料中形成菱形六面体钙钛矿结构，合成粉料的颗粒细小均匀．在室温～900℃范围内，La0．6Sr0．4Col-yFeyO3(y=0)的电导率随温度的升高而单调降低，其它n(Co)／n(Fe)比的样品电导率随着温度升高到600℃附近时达到最大值．在低温段．La0．6Sr0．4Col-yFeyO3体系的导电行为符合小极化子导电机制，导电活化能随n(Co)／n(Fe)比的降低而增大．与常规固相合成法相比，甘氨酸-硝酸盐法制备的La0．6Sr0．4Col-yFeyO3具有更高的烧结活性和电导率．     

层状化合物La2Ni1-yCoyO4+δ的合成、结构与性能

采用氨基多羧酸配合物法合成La2Ni1-yCoyO4+δ(y=0~0.2)超细粉料, 研究陶瓷样品的结构和混合导电性能. 研究结果表明, La2Ni1-yCoyO4+δ具有正交结构(Fmmm空间群), Co离子取代增加了钙钛矿层中ab平面上Ni/Co—O键的键长、岩盐层中沿c 轴方向上La—O键的键长和非化学计量氧含量, 并有利于改善材料的烧结性能. 随着Co离子含量的增加, 总电导率的峰值温度向高温移动, 高温段总电导率随温度的变化趋于平缓, 但总电导率水平出现降低; 增加Co离子含量还有利于提高氧离子导电性能. Co离子取代对陶瓷样品混合导电性能的影响与晶体结构参数的变化紧密相关.     

La0.6Sr0.4Co1-yFeyO3钙钛矿复合氧化物的GNP法合成与导电性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐(GNP)法合成出La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_1-yFe_yO₃(y=0～1.0)体系复合氧化物,对合成产物的结构、烧结性能和导电性进行了表征.研究结果表明,不同n(Co)/n(Fe)比的合成粉料中形成菱形六面体钙钛矿结构,合成粉料的颗粒细小均匀.在室温～900℃范围内,La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO₃(y=0)的电导率随温度的升高而单调降低,其它n(Co)/n(Fe)比的样品电导率随着温度升高到600℃附近时达到最大值.在低温段,La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_1-yFe_yO₃体系的导电行为符合小极化子导电机制,导电活化能随n(Co)/n(Fe)比的降低而增大.与常规固相合成法相比,甘氨酸-硝酸盐法制备的La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_1-yFe_yO₃具有更高的烧结活性和电导率.     

La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8的电化学性质及其在SOFC中的应用

采用凝胶浇注法制备具有较高氧离子电导率的固体电解质La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8粉料.X射线衍射结果表明,于1400℃焙烧后即形成了钙钛矿结构,无杂相存在.探讨了粉料压制坯体的致密化和导电性能在1450℃下与烧结时间的关系,发现烧结时间为18h时其相对密度达98.3%,而在24h的情况下,样品具有最佳的氧离子导电性.采用Ni-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9作为阳极,La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.6Ni0.4O2.7作为阴极,组装了平板型固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC).阳极和阴极分别通入含3%H2O的氢气和空气,750℃时的开路电压为1.04V,最大输出功率密度(P)达252mW/cm2(U=0.48V,J=525mA/cm2).     

La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3钙钛矿复合氧化物的柠檬酸盐法合成与导电性能

采用柠檬酸盐法合成出La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3钙钛矿复合氧化物超细粉料,考查了各种影响溶胶与凝胶的形成以及合成粉料晶体结构与颗粒形态的因素,并确定了最佳的合成条件。研究了烧成温度对La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3电导率的影响,发现1200℃是最合适的烧成温度。研究结果表明,在室温～900℃范围内,样品的电导率在600℃附近出现峰值(～103S·cm-1),在低温段样品的导电行为符合小极化子导电机制,不同烧成温度的样品的导电活化能基本一致(5.31～5.79kJ·mol-1)。与常规固相合成法相比,柠檬酸盐法合成的La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3具有更高的烧结活性和电导率。     

Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9的尿素燃烧法合成与性能

采用以尿素为燃料的燃烧合成法制备Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC)氧离子导体材料, 对燃烧合成粉体的物相和显微形态进行了表征, 并研究了燃烧法合成SDC的烧结性能以及烧结体的导电性能. 研究结果表明, 采用尿素燃烧法合成SDC具有简便高效和合成粉体烧结活性高的优点. 经过燃烧过程后即可得到立方萤石结构的纯相SDC粉体, 合成粉体的分散性良好, 为50~150 nm的球形颗粒, 具有高的烧结活性, 在1250 ℃的烧结温度下, 陶瓷样品的相对密度可达到95.1%. 在600和800 ℃的测试温度下, 烧结温度为1250 ℃的陶瓷样品的电导率分别达到5.4×10-2和1.0×10-1 Ω-1·cm-1.     

Ce_(1-x)Ca_xO_(2-x)的溶胶-凝胶法的合成及其性质

用溶胶 -凝胶法合成了 Ce1-x Cax O2 -x(x=0～ 0 .3 5 )系列固体电解质 ,系统地研究了其晶体结构随Ca O含量的变化关系 .XRD测试表明 ,该体系于 1 60℃即形成萤石结构纯相 .高温 XRD表明 ,从室温至80 0℃ ,Ce1-x Cax O2 -x(x=0～ 0 .3 5 )未出现结构相变 .此法合成温度远低于传统的高温固相合成法和水热合成法的温度 .合成物的颗粒小 ,粒度均匀 .在 1 3 0 0℃即可烧结成高致密度样品 .XPS测试表明 ,掺杂 Ca O后吸附氧浓度明显增大 ,氧空位增多 ,电导率和氧离子迁移数增大 ,改善了 Ce O2 基固体电解质的性能 .     

EDTA配合法制备beta-Al_2O_3固体电解质

以金属硝酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为原料,采用EDTA配合溶胶-凝胶法制备了beta-Al2O3前驱粉料,并利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、红外光谱分析(FTIR)、热分析(TG/DSC)、交流阻抗谱(EIS)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试技术对beta-Al2O3的合成工艺进行了详细的研究。结果表明:该法合成beta-Al2O3前驱粉料的温度为1150℃,比固相反应法低了150℃,平均粒径约为42nm,具有较好的成型和烧结性能。将素坯在1630℃保温烧结,得到的烧结体相对密度为96%以上,300℃时beta-Al2O3固体电解质的离子电导率为0.026S·cm-1。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.