非负载镍催化剂的2-乙基蒽醌加氢活性及其氢吸脱附性质

 分别制备了金属镍粉、兰尼镍、Ni-B非晶态合金及镧掺杂的Ni-B非晶态合金(Ni-B-La)催化剂,研究了催化剂的氢吸附和脱附性质以及对2-乙基蒽醌加氢反应的催化性能. 结果表明,金属镍粉、兰尼镍和Ni-B催化剂表面均具有两种氢吸附位: 弱吸附位和强吸附位. Ni-B-La催化剂表面只有氢的强吸附位,其强吸附氢量与兰尼镍相当. 推测只有氢的强吸附位是2-乙基蒽醌加氢反应的活性中心,并且Ni-B-La催化剂上的强吸附氢较兰尼镍上的更活泼,因而Ni-B-La非晶态合金催化剂对加氢反应的催化活性高于兰尼镍.     

Ni-B非晶态合金催化苯丙酮酸加氢合成苯丙氨酸

通过化学还原法制备了纳米非晶态Ni-B合金催化剂,考察了其对苯丙酮酸胺化加氢合成苯丙氨酸的催化性能.结果表明,相对于传统雷尼镍和漆原镍催化剂,非晶态合金催化剂表现出更为优异的活性和选择性,并且当非晶态Ni-B合金负载在SiO2载体上时,其活性和选择性均得到较大提高(高达97.67%).非晶态合金催化剂对苯丙氨酸合成反应表现出较好活性和选择性的原因主要是硼提供部分电子给镍的效应以及非晶态合金颗粒的纳米尺寸效应.     

Effects of Neodymium on the Properties of Ni‐B/CNTs Amorphous Alloy Catalyst

Neodymium is used as a promoter of Ni‐B/CNTs amorphous alloy catalyst to modify its catalytic properties. Ni‐B/CNTs and Ni‐Nd(5wt%)‐B/CNTs catalysts were prepared by the impregnation chemical reduction method. Their catalytic performances were examined in acetylene selective hydrogenation, which is a crucial step in industrial polymerization processes, with the aim of the complete elimination of alkynes from alkene feedstocks. Experiments showed that the latter exhibited higher acetylene hydrogenation activity but lower ethylene selectivity. Catalysts were characterized by ICP, CO‐chemisorption, XPS, XRD and H₂‐TPD techniques. On the basis of characterizations, the modification of Nd on Ni‐B/CNTs catalyst was related to its geometric and electronic effects.     

Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂用于卤代硝基苯液相加氢制卤代苯胺

 用化学还原法制备了Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂,并将其用于4种卤代硝基苯的液相加氢反应. 采用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜研究了催化剂的非晶性质. 在373 K下处理2 h后催化剂保持非晶态结构,在773 K下处理2 h后催化剂完全晶化. 讨论了Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂的催化性能与其结构之间的关系,并与其它Ni基催化剂进行了比较. Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂不仅具有较高的催化活性,而且对卤代芳胺的选择性较高,脱卤率小于4%,优于其它Ni基催化剂.     

Preparation,Characterization and Catalytic Performance of Carbon Nanotubes Promoted Ni‐B Amorphous Alloy

Ni‐B and Ni‐B/CNTs amorphous alloy catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction and impregnation‐chemical reduction methods, respectively, and characterized by TEM, ICP, XPS, XRD, BET and CO chemisorption techniques. Their catalytic activities were evaluated in acetylene selective hydrogenation reaction. Based on characterizations, the effects of carbon nanotubes on Ni‐B amorphous alloy were attributed to both its structure effect, dispersing Ni‐B particles, leading to bigger surface area of active nickel and enhancing the thermal stability, and the electronic effect, resulting in electron‐rich nickel centers. Therefore, the superior thermal stability and acetylene selective hydrogenation activities of Ni‐B/CNTs to Ni‐B amorphous catalyst were obtained in the present study.     

Ni-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂应用于硝基苯液相加氢制苯胺

 考察了Ni－B／SiO2非晶态催化剂在高压液相硝基苯加氢制苯胺反应中的催化活性和选择性．研究表明,该催化剂不仅具有很高的催化活性,而且对苯胺的选择性较高,优于RaneyNi以及其它Ni基催化剂．晶化导致催化剂失活．载体的存在不仅能提高催化剂的分散度,而且能对非晶态结构起稳定化作用;将催化剂保存在乙醇中可保持其活性不变．结合催化剂的表征,讨论了Ni－B／SiO2非晶态催化剂的催化性能与其结构的关系．     

Liquid phase glucose hydrogenation to -glucitol over an ultrafine Ru-B amorphous alloy catalyst

A Ru-B amorphous alloy catalyst in the form of ultrafine particles was prepared by chemical reduction of RuCl₃ with borohydride in aqueous solution, whose amorphous structure was confirmed by XRD, DSC, and SAED. Heating pretreatment resulted in the rapid crystallization and the deep decomposition of the Ru-B amorphous alloy as well as the abrupt decrease in the surface area due to the gathering of small particles at high temperature. XPS spectra revealed that partial electrons transferred from the alloying B to the metallic Ru in the as-prepared Ru-B sample. In comparison with other catalysts, the as-prepared Ru-B amorphous catalyst exhibited excellent activity and perfect selectivity to -glucitol as well as superior lifetime during the liquid phase glucose hydrogenation, showing its potential application in industrial process. The higher activity of the Ru-based catalysts than that of other metal catalysts, such as Co-B and Ni-B amorphous catalysts as well as Raney Ni catalysts, demonstrated that the metallic Ru was more active than both metallic Ni and Co for the glucose hydrogenation. Meanwhile, the Ru-B amorphous catalyst exhibited higher activity than its corresponding crystallized Ru-B and pure Ru powder catalysts, showing the promoting effects of both the amorphous structure and the electronic interaction between the metallic Ru and the alloying B, which was briefly discussed based on the kinetic studies and various characterizations.     

Ni/SiO2-ZrO2催化剂焙烧温度对其催化愈创木酚加氢脱氧性能的影响简

采用化学沉淀法合成了SiO₂-ZrO₂复合氧化物载体,并以浸渍法制备了Ni/SiO₂-ZrO₂双功能催化剂,考察了焙烧温度对催化剂结构及其催化愈创木酚加氢脱氧制环己烷性能的影响. 结果表明,经500℃焙烧催化剂的加氢脱氧活性最高,在Ni金属中心和SiO₂-ZrO₂载体材料的协同作用下,愈创木酚转化率为100%,环己烷选择性为96.8%. 对催化剂进行N₂物理吸附、H₂化学吸附、X射线衍射分析、H₂程序升温还原、NH₃程序升温脱附与Raman光谱等表征后发现,合成的SiO₂-ZrO₂为无定形的酸碱两性氧化物;经500℃焙烧的催化剂样品的有效比表面积和孔体积均明显增大,表面酸量最多,硝酸镍分解成小颗粒的NiO较易被H₂还原,这些特性是该催化剂样品具有高效加氢脱氧活性的原因.     

Synthesis of Ni/SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles for catalytic benzene hydrogenation

Nickel nanoparticles supported on silica were prepared by hydrazine reduction in aqueous medium. The obtained solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM), Electron Diffraction (ED), hydrogen chemisorption, and Temperature Programmed Desorption of hydrogen (H₂-TPD). The catalytic properties were evaluated for benzene hydrogenation in the temperature range 75–230 °C. XRD patterns reveal presence of the metallic nickel particles with fcc structure. Metal dispersion and hydrogen storage increase with decreasing metal particle size. The H₂-TPD profiles exhibit two domains, one due to desorption of hydrogen from Ni metal and another due to spillover from metal to the support. The catalytic activity strongly depends on the metal loading. It increases with decreasing metal loading. This is attributed to metal surface area, which also increases with decreasing metal loading. Kinetic studies of benzene hydrogenation on the Ni catalysts showed that the benzene partial order is around −2. This significant negative value is ascribed to a strong adsorption of benzene on the catalyst surface.     

非晶态超微粒子镍合金催化剂的研究──Ⅱ．Ni－B催化剂对苯加氢反应动力学的研究

非晶态超微粒子镍合金催化剂的研究──Ⅱ．Ｎｉ－Ｂ催化剂对苯加氢反应动力学的研究李同信，张秀峰，李合秋（中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，大连１１６０２３）靳常德，蒋育林，崔建彤，王大庆（大连理工大学化工学院，大连１１６０１１）关键词非晶态超微粒子，镍基合...     

Preparation and characterization of NiP amorphous alloy/ceramic composite membrane

The NiP amorphous alloy/ceramic composite membrane of high selectivity and permeability for hydrogen was prepared by a new technique of partial electroless plating. Its permeability and ideal separation factor for H₂/Ar were investigated. The results demonstrated that the permeability of the NiP amorphous alloy membrane was almost the same as that of a porous inorganic membrane, but the separation factor for H₂/Ar through the NiP membrane was obviously higher than that through a porous inorganic one. The morphology and microstructure of NiP amorphous alloy/ceramic composite membrane were characterized by SEM and XRD.     

Ni‐W Catalysts Supported on HZSM‐5/HMS for the Hydrogenation Reaction of Aromatic Compounds: Effect of Ni/W Ratio on Activity,Stability, and Kinetics

Ni‐W/HZSM5‐HMS catalysts were evaluated for the benzene hydrogenation reaction at 130–190°C. To study the catalyst characterization, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared, UV–vis, diffuse reflectance spectra, temperature‐programmed desorption of NH₃, FT‐IR of adsorbed pyridine measurements (Py‐IR), H₂ chemisorption, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, and TGA techniques were used. Kinetics of benzene hydrogenation was investigated under various hydrogen and benzene pressures, and the effect of reaction conditions on catalytic performance was studied. The results showed that bimetallic catalysts have better ability than a monometallic catalyst (Ni/HZSM5‐HMS) for this reaction, such as maximum benzene conversion (100%), minimum toluene conversion (1.76–40%), very low converted xylene, benzene selectivity (100%), good catalytic stability against coke deposition, and appropriate kinetic parameters.     

Ni-B非晶态合金电极上乙醇的电氧化及其动力学参数的测定

应用循环伏安法研究了碱性介质中Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极和化学镀Ni-B非晶态合金微盘电极上乙醇的电催化氧化. 结果表明, Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极和化学镀Ni-B非晶态合金微盘电极对碱性溶液中乙醇的氧化均具有很高的电催化作用, 且前者的电催化氧化活性高于后者. 运用稳态极化曲线测定了Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上乙醇的电催化氧化动力学参数. 与高择优取向(220)镍电极比较, 碱性介质中Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上乙醇的电催化氧化速率显著提高. 采用循环伏安法测定的Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上Ni(OH)2的质子扩散系数高出文献报道的镍纳米线电极和表面化学镀Co的球形Ni(OH)2粉末电极约2个数量级.     

CO和H2在非晶态合金Ni-B、Co-B催化剂上的吸附及其作用的TPD-MS研究

ＣＯ和Ｈ_２在非晶态合金Ｎｉ－Ｂ、Ｃｏ－Ｂ催化剂上的吸附及其作用的ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ研究张菊,郑小明,周烈华（杭州大学催化研究所,杭州,３１００２８）关键词非晶态Ｎｉ（Ｃｏ）－Ｂ合金,Ｈ_２、ＣＯ吸附,ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ非晶态合金作为一种新型催化材料在加氢反应中表...     

APTS改性SBA-15负载Ni-B非晶态合金催化加氢脱硫性能的研究

采用共价接枝法制备APTS改性介孔分子筛SBA-15,将氨基官能团接枝到SBA-15表面.并采用化学还原法制备了Ni-B/SBA-15-APTS非晶态合金催化剂,以噻吩加氢脱硫为探针反应,研究了其催化加氢脱硫性能.结果表明,240℃时,APTS改性SBA-15所负载的Ni-B催化剂噻吩转化率达到50.8%,较未改性SBA-15所负载的催化剂噻吩转化率有显著地提高.由于氨基与Ni2+的配合作用,有助于Ni在催化剂中的分散,因而更容易被还原.ICP结果表明,在相同的制备条件下,相比未改性的SBA-15,APTS改性SBA-15使其催化剂中Ni的负载量增加,并且非晶态合金组成中Ni的含量也增大,B的含量降低,有利于提高催化剂的活性.     

壳聚糖表面修饰的SiO2负载Ni-B非晶态合金的制备及催化性能

以壳聚糖(CS)对SiO2进行表面修饰, 采用浸渍还原法制备了负载型Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂(Ni-B/CS/SiO2), 并采用XRD、FTIR、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)、BET、XPS、TEM、SAED等表征方法研究了催化剂的非晶性质、原子组成、尺寸分布及粒径大小等. 考察了催化剂对糠醇加氢制四氢糠醇反应的催化性能, 并与没有壳聚糖修饰的Ni-B/SiO2催化剂及Raney Ni催化剂进行了对比. 结果表明, 加入壳聚糖制得的Ni-B/CS/SiO2催化剂的活性组分Ni-B团簇粒径更小, 表面活性组分浓度更高, 催化活性更高.     

Hydrogenation of phenylpyruvic acid to phenylalanine catalyzed by Ni-B/SiO2

Phenylalanine （Phe） is a significant amino acid that cannot be synthesized by human themselves but must be taken from environment. It was initially found that the nanosized amorphous Ni-B/SiO2 alloy prepared by the chemical reduction method was an effective catalyst for the preparation of Phe from phenylpyruvic acid （PPA） by amination and hydrogenation. It has been found that the amorphous Ni-B/SiO2 alloy catalyst exhibits superior activity and selectivity to the traditional catalysts Raney Ni and Urushibara nickel. The effects of reaction time, amounts of catalysts and ammonia solution, reaction temperature, and H2 pressure on the reaction have been investigated systematically. The results indicated that the yield of Phe was 97.9%, and the selectivity for Phe reached 98.9% when the reaction was carried out for 3 h at 333 K and 2.0 MPa of H2 with m（Cat.） ： m（PPA） = 0.6 ： 1.0 and n（NH3） ： n（PPA） = 3 ： 1. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, AAS, XPS, BET, and TEM, and the relationship between the catalyst structure and the catalytic activity was discussed in detail. It was found that the reason why Ni-B/SiO2 amorphous alloy catalyst was much more active for the preparation of Phe could be accounted for by the presence of electron-rich Ni due to electron donation from alloying B; the smaller size of Ni-B particles, the larger specific surface area of Ni-B/SiO2.     

超细Pd—B／SiO2非晶态合金加氢反应的催化活性

采用浸渍法并通过ＫＢＨ４还原制备超细Ｐｄ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２非晶态合金催化剂,以硝基苯加氢生成苯胺为目标反应,考察了上述催化剂的活性和选择性及热稳定性,并与晶态Ｐｄ－Ｂ／ＳｉＯ２和Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂及非负载型Ｐｄ－Ｂ非晶态合金催化剂进行了比较。     

Pt对负载型Ni-B非晶态合金苯加氢活性及稳定性的影响

以拟薄水铝石、丝光沸石为原料制备载体AM,采用浸渍-化学还原法制备了不同Pt含量的Ni-Pt-B/AM非晶态合金催化剂,并运用XRD、ESEM、BET、ICP、XPS和H2 -TPR等手段对催化剂进行表征.以苯加氢制环己烷反应为探针,考察了微量Pt对Ni-B/AM非晶态合金催化剂加氢活性及稳定性的影响.结果表明,Ni-...     

Highly selective hydrogenation of acetophenone over supported amorphous alloy catalyst

Alpha-phenylethanol (PE) is an essential chemical in the field of medicine and synthetic perfumery. Therefore, in this work, we used a supported Ni–B–P amorphous alloy catalyst (Ni–B–P/SiO₂) in the hydrogenation of acetophenone (AP) to α-PE, which demonstrated excellent catalytic activity and selectivity, compared with Ni–B/SiO₂ (KBH₄ reduction of nickel salt). Ni–B–P/SiO₂ exhibited a high AP hydrogenation conversion of approximately 99%, whereas the PE selectivity reached up to 94%, which is approximately 1.4-fold higher than that of Ni–B/SiO₂ (about 69%), thereby directly proving the unique inhibition of AP hydrogenation over hydrogenation of P in the Ni–B catalytic system. The doped P in Ni–B–P/SiO₂ enhances the oxidation resistance and maintains the valence stability of Ni and B. Furthermore, sufficient experimental data were collected to determine the kinetic parameters. Based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, we assumed that (i) AP and H₂ compete for adsorption on Ni–B–P/SiO₂; (ii) AP has strong adsorptive capacity on Ni–B–P/SiO₂; and (iii) PE coverage on the catalyst was negligible. Then, the dynamic equation was derived, which indicated that experimental data agree well with the dynamic model. Finally, the activation energy was confirmed to be 50.73 KJ/mol. This report will open up an avenue for the industrialization of amorphous alloy catalysts.