钌(Ⅱ)催化的亚胺酯碳-氢键官能化/环化反应合成烯基取代的二氢异喹诺酮（英文）

通过钌催化的亚胺酯C—H官能化/环化串联反应为高效构建乙烯基取代的二氢异喹诺酮衍生物提供了新方法.该反应具有较好的官能团耐受性,以中等至良好的收率得到相应的产物.该方法首次实现了钌(II)催化的亚胺酯C—H官能化与4-乙烯基-1,3-二噁烷-2-酮的环化串联反应合成3-乙烯基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1(2H)-酮.     

酸催化1,3-环二酮的选择性C-,O-异戊烯基化反应（英文）

5-色烯酮类衍生物广泛分布于自然界中,特别是各种天然药材中.例如,传统药材桃金娘和大麻的活性成分都含有这类骨架.因此,发展高效的策略来合成5-色烯酮一直受到科研工作者的关注.传统的方法主要是以1,3-环己二酮与异戊烯基溴或卤代苄溴为原料,经过取代和分子内环化两步反应合成得到.最近,1,3-环己二酮与不饱和分子的形式[3+3]环加成反应,由于其独特的原子和步骤经济性,已被用于构建色烯酮骨架.但这类不饱和分子仅限于α,β-不饱和醛与炔丙基醇.因此,发展新的、简单易得的合成子仍具有很大的吸引力.本文采用廉价易得的工业化学品异戊二烯作为简单高效的合成子,用于构建5-色烯酮骨架.首先,以5-苯基-1,3-环己二酮和异戊二烯为模板底物,通过对固体酸催化剂、溶剂及反应温度等筛选发现,在固体酸Nafion(10 wt%)催化下,以DCE为溶剂,110 ~oC反应24 h,5-苯基-1,3-环己二酮会经过C-异戊烯基化和分子内环化的串联过程,一步生成[3+3]产物5-色烯酮,分离收率达到82%.该反应具有高的区域和化学选择性,以及原子经济性.若以异戊烯基醇为原料,在最优条件下,也可以顺利得到5-色烯酮产物.令人意外的是,当温度降低到70 ~oC时,除了主产物5-色烯酮,还可以检测到少量O-异戊烯基化产物.由于1,3-环己二酮的直接O-异戊烯基化反应至今未有报道,我们对该选择性进行了优化.通过对酸催化剂种类、溶剂和温度等调控发现,以Lewis酸Al Cl_3为催化剂,在DCE中,70 ~oC反应24 h,5-苯基-1,3-环己二酮可以只发生O-异戊烯基化反应,具有专一的选择性.随后,对两种催化体系分别进行了底物普适性考察.在固体酸Nafion催化体系下,未取代和5-取代的1,3-环己二酮都能很好地参与反应.4,4-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮由于其非对称的结构,可以得到两种环化产物.2,2,4,4-四甲基-1,3,5-环己三酮(syncarpic acid)是很多天然产物分子的前体,其也可以和异戊二烯发生环化反应,所得产物结构得到了单晶衍射的确定.此外,该反应还适用于1,3-环戊二酮、1,3-环庚二酮以及巴比妥酸等底物.对于Al Cl_3催化体系,五元、六元和七元环状二酮都能顺利地发生O-异戊烯基化反应.特别是,在该体系中,非对称的4,4-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮也只得到一种O-异戊烯基化产物,具有优异的区域选择性.最后,在两种催化体系下,1,3-环己二酮的C-和O-异戊烯基化反应能够很容易放大到克级规模,并且所得到的两类产物在Li HMDS/Ts Cl作用下会发生芳构化过程,得到异戊烯基化的间苯二酚,该结构也是很多具有药理活性分子的核心单元.因此,通过对催化剂种类和异戊烯基源的调节,首次实现了1,3-环二酮的选择性C-、O-异戊烯基化反应.在固体酸Nafion催化下,1,3-环己二酮和异戊二烯经过C-异戊烯基化和分子内环化的串联过程,生成[3+3]产物5-色烯酮.而以异戊烯基醇为原料时,在Al Cl_3催化下,1,3-环己二酮可以专一地进行O-异戊烯基化反应.这种利用廉价易得的原材料合成具有高附加值的结构骨架在有机合成及工业生产中具有潜在的应用价值.     

α-糜蛋白酶催化合成β-脲基巴豆酸酯

β-脲基巴豆酸酯是合成6-甲基嘧啶二酮衍生物及3,4-二氢嘧啶二酮衍生物的重要中间体,在生物制药中有着广泛的应用.由于酶具有绿色、安全、高效的催化特性,采用α-糜蛋白酶为生物催化剂,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为反应介质,37℃条件下,通过1,3-二羰基化合物和脲的缩合反应,合成了一系列β-脲基巴豆酸酯类化合物.     

牛血清蛋白催化Michael-Aldol串联反应的研究

首次报道了牛血清蛋白(BSA)催化二苯甲酰甲烷和丁烯酮的Michael-Aldol串联反应,并对1,3-二羰基化合物进行了研究,丁烯酮与α,β-不饱和酮酯化合物只生成一分子Michael及双分子Michael加成产物,该方法为合成环状化合物提供了新的途径。     

铜催化胺与1,3-二羰基化合物的缩合反应合成烯胺酮化合物

报道了铜催化胺与1,3-二羰基化合物的缩合反应.在CuCl催化剂的存在下,胺与1,3-二羰基化合物的缩合反应,可在四氢呋喃溶剂中、室温条件下顺利进行,生成烯胺酮化合物,收率为75%～98%.合成了16种烯胺酮化合物3a～3p,其中,3p为未知化合物.     

双环[3.3.1]壬烷-2,6,9-三酮的合成

研究了新化合物双环[3.3.1]壬烷-2,6,9-三酮以1,3-环己二酮为起始原料的三条合成路线,并对其反应机理进行了初步推测.第一条路线以1,3-环己二酮与丙烯醛发生Michael加成、分子内aldol缩合以及氧化三步得到双环[3.3.1]壬烷-2,6,9-三酮,总产率为43%.第二条路线为1,3-环己二酮先与吗啉反应生成烯胺,再与丙烯酸乙酯进行环合,以"一锅煮"法得到目标产物,产率为20%.第三条路线为1,3-环己二酮先与丙烯酸乙酯经过Michael加成,再进行酸催化分子内C-酰化得到目标产物,总产率为83%,该路线具有操作简单、条件温和、产率高及环境友好等优点.     

3,4-二芳基吡咯酮衍生物的合成和生物活性

考布他汀-A4(Combretastatins-A4,CA-4)是从天然产物中分离得到的抗癌活性化合物,其分子中Z-构型烯键易异构化转变为无抗癌活性的E-构型.以吡咯-2,5-二酮或吡咯-2-酮代替烯键,设计合成了4个新的CA-4类似物.它们的合成是以3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酮或3-氟-4-甲氧基苯乙酮为起始原料,经α-溴化、改良的Gabriel合成法、与3,4,5-三甲氧基苯乙酸缩合、环化-氧化或环化四步反应完成.其结构用1H NMR,13C NMR,ESI-MS及元素分析进行了表征.用MTT法测试了CA-4类似物对人白血病细胞HL-60、肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和肺腺癌细胞A549的体外抗肿瘤活性.初步结果表明,含氟化合物3,4-二芳基-2,5-吡咯酮(1b)的抗肿瘤活性接近CA-4,IC50值达到0.03～0.05μmol·L-1.     

全氟烷基磺酰氟应用于1,3-二羰基化合物和苄醇衍生物之间一步C-或O-苄基化反应

碱性介质中,苄醇衍生物在全氟烷基磺酰氟作用下与1,3-二酮化合物和β-酮酸酯这两种1,3-二羰基化合物发生一步C-或O-苄基化反应,以中等到优秀的产率生成相应的C-或O-苄基化产物.     

Wallichanol类天然产物ABC环系合成研究

Wallichanol是一类具有独特桥环结构的二萜天然产物.以2-甲基-1,3-环己二酮作为起始原料,通过高立体选择性的Diels-Alder反应和金催化的炔烃碳环化反应构建Wallichanol的ABC三环核心骨架,共七步路线,总收率为42%.该合成工作为Wallichanol类天然产物全合成奠定了研究基础.     

催化分子内α-重氮酯和酮的不对称同系化反应

<正>Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2015,54,1608~1611路易斯酸催化α-重氮酯和羰基化合物的同系化反应是合成β-酮酸酯化合物的有效方法,反应经历亲核加成、重排历程,其区域选择性复杂,立体选择性控制困难.以醛、环酮以及活化酮等羰基化合物为亲电试剂的不对称催化反应已有成功报道,仅有的一例简单酮与α-重氮酯的反应,在手性双氮氧-钪配合物催化剂条件下得到了α-胺化产物.四川大学化学学院冯小明、李伟等基于他们在这一领域的系统研究,设计了分子内的简单酮与α-重氮酯的不对称同     

分子内Friedel-Crafts环化反应在苯并环状物合成中的应用

Friedel-Crafts反应是有机合成中最有用的反应之一,它的应用范围十分广泛.Friedel-Crafts反应也是合成环状化合物的重要途径,尤其分子内的环化反应一直以来受到广泛的关注.对近年来应用分子内Friedel-Crafts环化反应合成苯并环状化合物进行了详细的综述,并对分子内Friedel-Crafts环化反应在有机合成上发展前景作了展望.     

A concise synthesis of chilenine via a sequential reaction process

A new short synthesis of chilenine has been achieved in two steps. The precursor amide was readily prepared by the condensation of the corresponding amine and acid. Treatment of the amide with oxalyl chloride in the presence of AlCl₃ at room temperature afforded the desired product chilenine through sequential Friedel-Crafts acylation, amide cyclization to imide, and intramolecular Friedel-Crafts type reaction. The synthesis suggests a new potential of oxalyl chloride for a two-carbon synthon.     

Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Polymethoxyflavones and Their Vinyl Ether Derivatives

Bioactive natural polymethoxyflavones 1-6 and their vinyl ether derivatives 7-15 were synthesized by bromination, aromatic nucleophilic substitution, methylation, benzyl protection, Friedel-Crafts acetylation, aldol condensation, cyclization, DDQ dehydrogenation, regioselective demethylation, debenzylation and O-prenylation or O-farnesylation with resorcinol and appropriate substituted benzaldehydes as starting materials. Among them, compounds 7-15 are new compounds. Natural products 2-4 were firstly total synthesized. The syntheses of compounds 1, 5 and 6 were efficiently improved by the new synthetic routes. The structures of all synthetic compounds were confirmed by NMR, IR spectra and MS.     

DBU-catalyzed condensation of acyldiazomethanes to aldehydes in water and a new approach to ethyl β-hydroxy α-arylacrylates

DBU-catalyzed condensation of ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) with aldehydes in pure water afforded corresponding β-hydroxy α-diazo carbonyl compounds. The β-hydroxy group of the products was further converted into β-siloxy group. The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of the β-aryl β-siloxy α-diazo carbonyl compounds gave 1,2-aryl shift products predominantly. The three-step transformation constitutes an efficient synthesis of ethyl β-hydroxy α-arylacrylates.     

Practical synthesis of hydroxychromenes and evaluation of their biological activity

A simple and efficient seven steps synthesis of brodifacoum and difethialone from phenylacetyl chloride is described. The key synthetic strategies involve Friedel-Crafts acylation, intramolecular ring cyclization and condensation reaction in the presence of Br?nsted-Lowry acids. It was found that brodifacoum showed favorable inhibiting activities on LPS-stimulated nitrite production in BV-2 microglia cells. Brodifacoum exhibited superior anti-inflammatory effects than difethialone. We expect that an efficient linear synthesis of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives and key fragments that are useful agents for the modulation of inflammation as well as inhibition of coagulation will be of practical use.     

A combined multicomponent-acid catalyzed cyclization reaction as an efficient route to novel tricyclic pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives

A simple, new two-step procedure for the synthesis of novel tricyclic pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives is described. The initially prepared polysubstituted pyrroles obtained via the four-component condensation of arylglyoxals, cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls, aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, and β-keto esters subsequently underwent intramolecular acid-catalyzed cyclization to the desired products in moderate to good yields.     

A Facile method to transform trans-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-3-phenyl- 1(2H)-isoquinolones to indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolines

The indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolines are an important class of topoisomerase I inhibitors with anticancer activity. The condensation of Schiff bases with homophthalic anhydrides provides a mixture of cis- and trans-4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-3-phenyl-1(2H)isoquinolones. Although the cis products can be readily converted to indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolines with thionyl chloride, the trans products do not afford indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolines using this method. The present report describes a route for conversion of the trans diastereomers to indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolines using selenoxide elimination and Friedel-Crafts cyclization chemistry.     

A Novel Approach to Synthesis of Tricyclic Diterpenoid

A novel approach has been found and the first total synthesis of (±)-Salvirecognine was accomplished by using it. In which intramolecular cyclization and Friedel-Crafts alkylation took place simultaneously to afford key intermediates for synthesis of aromatic tricyclic diterpenoids OMe PPA O O O OMe 1 2 Scheme 1 As shown in Scheme 1 intramolecular cyclization and Friedel-Crafts alkylation took place simultaneously when compound 1 was treated by PPA at 125 ℃. In which the i-pr…     

Intramolecular N-acyliminium ion versus Friedel-Crafts cyclization onto 3-indoles: synthesis of the novel rings pyrrolizino[2,1-b]indole and homologues

Acid treatment of indole-2-carboxylic acid β- and γ-oxoamides causes Friedel-Crafts intramolecular cyclization to β-carbolinones and dihydro-2H-azepino[3,4-b]indol-1-ones, in contrast to secondary δ-,?-, and ζ-oxoamides, which cyclize to the novel heterocyclic rings pyrrolizino[2,1-b]indole, indolizino[2,1-b]indole, and 9a,11-diaza-indeno[1,2-a]azulene, via an intermediate N-acyliminium ion. Tertiary amides lead only the Friedel-Crafts ring closure, thus allowing the synthesis of larger fused rings.     

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography of polymers obtained by Friedel-Crafts reactions of poly(vinyl chloride) with aromatic compounds

Pyrolysis, in combination with gas-chromatography technique, was used in the determination of the structure and study of the thermal degradation mechanism of the condensation polymers obtained by Friedel-Crafts reactions of poly(vinyl chloride) with benzene, toluene, and naphthalene. The separation of the pyrolysis products was made using a column packed with chromosorb W (80–100 mesh) coated with 15% silicone SE-52. The identification of the pyrolysis products resulted as a consequence of the thermal decomposition of condensation polymers and their semiquantitative estimation led to the final conclusion that the initial normal chlorine substitution in the macromolecular chain of poly(vinyl chloride) is followed by an important intramolecular cyclization reaction yielding 1,3-methyleneindan units.