微型全化学分析系统及技术进展

对微型全化学分析系统(μ-TAS)的发展现状及其应用领域进行了综述,对μ-TAS在毛细管电泳微型化、DNA及生化分析、组合化学研究等领域的应用研究作了重点介绍.     

化学竞赛实验试题的内容与特点

本文针对全国化学竞赛（决赛）大纲实验部分和国际化学奥林匹克竞赛实验大纲的内容,分析了近年来全国高中学生化学竞赛（决赛）和国际化学奥林匹克竞赛实验试题。研究表明,近年来的竞赛实验试题呈现出了实验内容的社会化、实验手段的现代化、仪器的微型化和药品的微量化、以及实验过程要求绿色化等特点。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯自由基共聚合微型化研究

采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯自由基共聚合微型化实验,研究了微型化实验条件下,聚合反应工艺条件对共聚产物性能及转化率的影响,说明了高分子微型化实验的可行性。同时,通过微型实验与常规实验相比,进一步阐述微型高分子化学实验不仅装置精巧、新颖,还有利于减少火灾、爆炸等事故的发生几率,而且原料用量及废液量大幅减少,具有节约和环保的双重意义。微型化学实验由于简化了实验装置和实验操作,将其用在教学或科研上,比起常规实验更加简单易行、安全可靠。     

微型化学实验在基础化学实验教学中的研究

微型化实验由于较好的教学效果和显著的经济与社会效益,成为当前化学实验教学改革的方向之一。基于此,从实验仪器装置、实验条件、实验方法、实验内容、创新性、与探究教学的整合这五个方面对微型化学实验在基础化学实验教学中的研究进行了总结,从而为微型化学实验应用于基础化学实验教学提供参考。     

2005年中国分析仪器市场前景诱人

中国仪器仪表学会分析仪器分会理事长朱良漪表示，21世纪分析仪器的发展将向在线分析倾斜，并向综合、联用、信息网络化发展，同时更趋微型化和智能化。而中国日益发展的医药、生化、环保等产业，为现代化的分析仪器创造了巨大的市场空间。     

人教版化学新课标教科书新增实验的要素分析

人教版化学新课标教科书在原大纲版教科书基础上新增和改进了一些实验,文章探讨了新增实验的设计意图和实验功能。新增实验反映了教科书编研者下列选材取向:目的性、探究性、改进型、绿色化、趣味性、微型化、现代化、创新型等等。实验教学设计应考虑实验选材的内容要素及特点,为了提高化学实验编选的科学化水平,还需要做一些系统的科学研究。     

微流控分析芯片发展与展望

1　引言　　当前许多发达国家已把现代科学仪器当做信息社会的源头和基础纳入未来发展的战略重点 ,而分析仪器又是其中最重要的组成部分之一。最近 ,人类基因组计划的提前完成充分说明了先进的分析仪器与技术在现代高科技发展中的重要甚至关键作用。面临着 2 1世纪科技发展中提出的众多挑战 ,分析仪器和分析科学也正经历着深刻的变革 ,其中一个日益明显的发展趋势就是化学分析设备的微型化、集成化与便携化。当前 ,分析仪器的发展正在出现一个以微型化为主要特征的、带有革命性的重要转折时期。在当前发展较快的微分析系统中 ,以 1 990年由…     

微等离子体发射光谱技术的研究进展

微等离子体是被限制在一个有限空间范围内的等离子体,其作为一种新型激发源具有能耗低、体积小、价格低等优点,在发射光谱仪器的微型化发展中展现了巨大的应用潜力。该文介绍了近年来基于微等离子体激发源构建的发射光谱(OES)系统在分析化学领域中的新应用。目前,微等离子体OES系统不仅能够直接测定气相或液体中的分析物,还可与气相色谱(GC)、化学蒸气发生(CVG)、电热蒸发(ETV)、微电渗析(μED)、毛细管电泳(CE)等多种技术联用,极大地扩展了该系统的应用范围。而提高微等离子体本身的激发能力,选择合适的进样方式,有望使微等离子体OES系统的性能得到进一步的提升。同时,相关仪器设备的开发将为痕量元素的现场分析提供可靠的手段。     

微型葡萄糖传感器及其在活体分析中的应用和进展

对微型化葡萄糖传感器的原理、制备方法及其在活体分析中所遇到的问题和进展作了评述，并对今后的工作进行了展望。     

微型高分子化学实验研究

开展了高分子化学实验微型化的研究工作。研制成功了MPC 3型微型高分子化学实验装置 ,研究设计了可操作性较强的微型高分子化学实验方案     

Application of chemometrically processed chemical and thermoanalytical data for quality control of soybean oils

The quality assessment of commercial soybean oils was evaluated on the basis of chemical and thermal analyses. The most substantial chemical parameters, viz. the density, refractive index and saponification, iodine and acid numbers were estimated. The thermal parameters were determined on the grounds of the TG and DTG curves. There are temperatures for the onset, end and successive mass losses. To find the relation between the chemical and thermal parameters, regression and principal component analyses were applied. The results of principal component analysis indicate that the TG and DTG techniques are at least in equal degree useful in defining the quality of soybean oils, as compared with the chemical analyses.     

Identification of polyimide materials using quantitative CE with UV and QTOF‐MS detection

Polyimides (PIs) are a group of widely used synthetic materials that service a variety of different purposes including microelectronics, insulating films and aerospace applications. Depending on the requirements (defined by the particular final product), the actual composition of PIs may show substantial chemical variation. To study this variation in chemical structure, CE‐MS can be employed for the determination of PI composition following chemical degradation of the polymer sample. PI is chemically decomposed to corresponding aromatic diamine and carboxylic acid components using an alkali fusion reaction. Solid polymer samples are fused in a potassium hydroxide melt yielding reaction products that are diluted in acid and can be immediately analysed by CE coupled to a Q/TOF‐MS with quantification performed using conventional UV detection. This approach involves a simple and rapid sample preparation yielding both qualitative and quantitative information regarding the chemical composition of the polymer. Application of the CE‐MS approach is shown for a range of commercially available PI and poly(amide–imide) materials and the results are used to infer the respective chemical compositions.     

近红外光谱在品质分析和定量分析中的应用

主要介绍近红外光谱在品质分析和定量分析中的一些应用，作为一种简单、快速、无损的检测手段，近红外光谱在鉴定原料的真伪、原料中有效成分的含量、有毒组分的识别等方面具有独特的效果。因此它在食品、药品、化工产品等领域得到了广泛应用。     

Approaches to bioresponse-linked instrumental analysis in water analysis

A new concept based on hyphenation of biotests, for biological selection, and chemical analysis is introduced for water analysis. Biomolecular recognition components such as receptors, enzymes, and nucleic acids integrated in biological reaction chains are used for binding and selective enrichment of known and unknown biologically active substances in water samples; this is followed by identification and quantitation. The coupling of biomolecular recognition and binding to chemical analysis can be achieved either in discrete analytical steps, e.g. binding and elution of bioactive ligands from affinity columns followed by chemical analysis, or by methods capable of monitoring the binding of the ligand and simultaneous verification of its identity. This analytical strategy, denoted bioresponse-linked instrumental analysis (BLIA), enables detection of potential biological effects and identification of the analyte causing these effects. Several examples are presented.     

微型机电系统在物化分析中的应用

介绍了微型机电系统（ＭＥＭＳ）的基本概念，发展简史和主要特点。详细讨论了ＭＥＭＳ在化学分析中的应用，指出ＭＥＭＳ技术使化学分析仪器微小型化、性能提高，同时还降低了仪器和实验的成本。最后简要介绍了微小型化学分析仪器的支撑技术。     

钼的分析进展

评述了 1991～ 2 0 0 3年间国内有关钼的分析技术现状及进展概况。包括了化学分离和化学分析、光度分析、原子光谱分析、电化学分析等 ,引用文献 16 1篇     

Statistics of the Popularity of Chemical Compounds in Relation to the Non-Target Analysis

The idea of popularity/abundance of chemical compounds is widely used in non-target chemical analysis involving environmental studies. To have a clear quantitative basis for this idea, frequency distributions of chemical compounds over indicators of their popularity/abundance are obtained and discussed. Popularity indicators are the number of information sources, the number of chemical vendors, counts of data records, and other variables assessed from two large databases, namely ChemSpider and PubChem. Distributions are approximated by power functions, special cases of Zipf distributions, which are characteristic of the results of human/social activity. Relatively small group of the most popular compounds has been denoted, conventionally accounting for a few percent (several million) of compounds. These compounds are most often explored in scientific research and are practically used. Accordingly, popular compounds have been taken into account as first analyte candidates for identification in non-target analysis.     

Exploring the Fundamental Structures of Life: Non‐Targeted,Chemical Analysis of Single Cells and Subcellular Structures

Cells are a basic functional and structural unit of living organisms. Both unicellular communities and multicellular species produce an astonishing chemical diversity, enabling a wide range of divergent functions, yet each cell shares numerous aspects that are common to all living organisms. While there are many approaches for studying this chemical diversity, only a few are non‐targeted and capable of analyzing hundreds of different chemicals at cellular resolution. Here, we review the non‐targeted approaches used to perform comprehensive chemical analyses, provide chemical imaging information, or obtain high‐throughput single‐cell profiling data. Single‐cell measurement capabilities are rapidly increasing in terms of throughput, limits of detection, and completeness of the chemical analyses; these improvements enable their application to understand ever more complex physiological phenomena, such as learning, memory, and behavior.     

全蒸发顶空气相色谱法测定聚乙烯醇中甲醇的含量

建立了全蒸发顶空气相色谱法测定聚乙烯醇中甲醇含量的方法. 采用固定相为100%的二甲基聚硅氧烷石英毛细管柱,以氮气为载气,流速为1.0 mL/min,分流比为1:100,检测器温度为200 ℃,进样口温度为150 ℃,顶空进样,平衡温度为120 ℃,平衡时间为90 min,相关系数r为0.9979. 在此色谱条件下被测物均能得到很好的分离,甲醇峰面积与检测浓度呈良好的线性关系. 方法的检测限为0.011 mg,回收率为98.15%. 采用改变气固相比的方法测定了顶空色谱下的气固相分配系数,在0.02~0.4之间,方法符合全蒸发顶空气相色谱法应用条件. 实验建立的色谱方法灵敏、准确、简单、方便、高效. 方法可同时对9个样品进行测定,适合于企业大批量聚乙烯醇中甲醇含量的测定.