利用微生物直接生产羟基丁酸单体

利用重组大肠杆菌E.coli HB101来进行直接生产羟基丁酸(HB)手性单体,研究了含pUCAB质粒的重组体E.coli HB101在各种条件下生长及积累HB单体的情况,研究了HB单体的积累随pH值变化的规律。结果表明,pH=6.8时,48 h内细菌可生产0.5 g/L以上的HB单体。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌含不同质粒和不同基因工程菌的生长代谢

用微量热法研究了世界上产量最大的微生物杀中心剂苏云芽胞杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)野生菌株YBT－1463,无晶体突变株BMB160和无质粒、无晶体突变株BMB171以及含量不同杀虫蛋白基因工程菌BMB－304－171－A和BMB－304－171－B的生长代谢动力学变化。结果是,含有14个质粒的野生菌株YBT－1463的生长代谢热比无晶体含6个质粒的变株BMB160和无晶体、无质粒突变株BMB171低;将杀虫晶体蛋白基因vryⅠAc和cryⅠC分别转入受体菌BMB171中后,两个工程菌BMB－303－171－A和BMB－304－171－B生长代谢热与受体菌BMB171相比也吸显降低;表明质粒形成一个耗能过程,当受体菌BMB171转入杀虫晶体蛋白基因后,工菌比受茶杯菌的放热大幅度减少,表明基因编码杀虫晶体蛋白也是一个耗能过程,但是含基因cryⅠAc和cryⅠC工程菌BMB－304－171－A和BMB－304－171－B之间的生长代谢没有明显差异。首次报道这些热动力学变化,对杀虫剂发酵生产过程的代谢控有重要指导意义。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌含不同质粒和不同基因工程菌的生长代谢

用微量热法研究了世界上产量最大的微生物杀中心剂苏云芽胞杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)野生菌株YBT－1463,无晶体突变株BMB160和无质粒、无晶体突变株BMB171以及含量不同杀虫蛋白基因工程菌BMB－304－171－A和BMB－304－171－B的生长代谢动力学变化。结果是,含有14个质粒的野生菌株YBT－1463的生长代谢热比无晶体含6个质粒的变株BMB160和无晶体、无质粒突变株BMB171低;将杀虫晶体蛋白基因vryⅠAc和cryⅠC分别转入受体菌BMB171中后,两个工程菌BMB－303－171－A和BMB－304－171－B生长代谢热与受体菌BMB171相比也吸显降低;表明质粒形成一个耗能过程,当受体菌BMB171转入杀虫晶体蛋白基因后,工菌比受茶杯菌的放热大幅度减少,表明基因编码杀虫晶体蛋白也是一个耗能过程,但是含基因cryⅠAc和cryⅠC工程菌BMB－304－171－A和BMB－304－171－B之间的生长代谢没有明显差异。首次报道这些热动力学变化,对杀虫剂发酵生产过程的代谢控有重要指导意义。     

Fura-2荧光探针研究Ca2+对大肠杆菌细胞的跨膜作用

以Fura-2／AM作为荧光探针，研究了Ca^2 对大肠杆菌HB101细胞的跨膜作用．考察了不同浓度外源钙离子处理不同生长时期细胞的跨膜行为，并采用停流技术测定了荧光动力学．结果表明大肠杆菌在用CaCl2溶液处理后，胞外Ca^2 可大量进入胞内，且进入细胞的钙离子量与胞外钙离子浓度相关；处于对数生长前期的细胞与对数生长后期和稳定期的细胞相比，胞内自身Ca^2 浓度低，但其摄取外源Ca^2 的能力最强，这应该与其生理代谢活性是相关的，而且这一时期是大肠杆菌细胞最易建立人工诱导感受态的时期．该研究对于测定革兰氏阴性菌细胞内Ca^2 浓度及胞外离子的跨膜传导行为，以及探索钙离子诱导的大肠杆菌人工感受态建立的生理机制都具有重要意义．     

家蚕核多角体病毒基因库

本文报道家蚕核多角体病毒基因组DNA经限制性内切酶SalI酶解,琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离,得0.70至 10.0kb大小不同的29种片段.所得 DNA片段与 SalI酶解之质粒pBR 322 DNA进行体外重组后,经转化大肠杆菌 HB 101菌株,获得带重组质粒克隆株.根据重组质粒DNA 中SalI酶插八片段的分子量、Southern法DNA杂交及多种限制性内切酶酶切点等方法鉴定,证明已将家蚕核多角体病毒DNA的24种不同大小的片段克隆在质粒 pBR 322 中.克隆的 DNA片段总长度占病毒基因组DNA的百分之八十。     

嗜盐古菌染色体DNA片段在大肠杆菌中的启动子功能

以启动子探针质粒pKK232-8为载体, 用微量量热法研究了源自盐生盐杆菌R1染色体的RM13 DNA片段在大肠杆菌HB101中的真细菌启动子功能, 该启动子RM13 DNA片段的大小为1000bp(碱基对), 它能启动探针质粒pKK232-8上的氯霉素乙酰水解酶基因(即:氯霉素抗性基因Cmr), 氯霉素抗性水平可达到150 mg•L－1, 抗性水平较高, 启动活性较大.研究结果表明, 在盐生盐杆菌染色体上可能存在具有双功能或多功能的启动子DNA片段, 这对系统发育、微生物遗传学和生物热化学等均有重要的意义.     

小麦ACCase CT功能域基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及与除草剂的相互作用

以中国春小麦幼苗为材料,克隆构建了小麦质体乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)的羧基转移酶(CT)重组质粒( RCP18-5),并实现了重组质粒在大肠杆菌中的可溶性高表达.对重组蛋白的性质研究表明,该蛋白具有较强的疏水性,稳定性不高.为改善这种状况,对CT功能域基因进行了截短和延长,同样于大肠杆菌中进行表达.结果表明,仅长...     

竹红菌乙素的光敏活性探讨

利用电子顺磁自旋共振技术 (ESR)对竹红菌乙素 (HB)与二苯胺体系光敏化学反应进行了研究 .并用流式细胞术考察了HB光动力学对Hce_8693盲肠癌细胞增殖周期及诱导凋亡的影响 ,阐明了HB的光敏活性。     

竹红菌乙素与醇胺的作用

竹红菌是在我国首次发现,并用于临床的一种新的光敏色素,可作为光动力治疗药物,对于许多皮肤病有显著疗效。最近还发现,竹红菌能选择性地富集于某些肿瘤细胞,并有效地抑制其生长。竹红菌素含有两种主要成份:竹红菌甲(HA)和竹红菌乙素(HB),它们都是茈醌类衍生物。本文对HB 和乙醇胺反应后得到的三种主要产物的光敏氧化蒽的相对速度和自敏光氧化相对速度进行了测试。     

重组人OCIF结构域D1～D6基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

利用PCR以实验室构建的原核重组表达质粒pProEX-OCIF为模板扩增得到N末端融合有6×His标签和rTEV蛋白酶识别序列的人破骨细胞形成抑制因子(OsteoclastogenesisInhibitoryFactor,简称OCIF)结构域D1～D6(简称O CIFm)编码基因片段;将其与pMD18-T连接,转化大肠杆菌TOP10,筛选得到阳性重组质粒pMD18-OCIFm,双酶切重组克隆质粒pMD18-OCIFm得到OCIFm基因片段;将其定向插入甲醇营养型酵母分泌表达载体pPIC9中,构建获得重组表达质粒pPIC9-OCIFm.测序验证后,以限制性内切酶SalⅠ线化,电穿孔转化酵母宿主菌GS115.筛选得到阳性表达菌株后,甲醇诱导表达4d,SDS-PAGE和Westernblot对表达情况进行分析和确认.所获得的OCIFm基因片段在甲醇营养型酵母中表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%以上.利用Ni-NTA树脂对表达产物进行一步亲和层析纯化.活性测定表明纯化的表达产物可诱导体外培养的成熟破骨细胞样细胞的凋亡.表达产物的生物学活性较利用原核表达系统明显提高.     

大肠杆菌HB101感受态的热化学研究

利用LKB-2277生物活性检测系统,测定了在生理盐水中,采用氯化钙法建立大肠杆菌感受态过程中的代谢热输出。生理盐水中大肠杆菌及其感受态进行内源代谢的热化学方程满足:P=K~c+A,dc/dP~0=K'c^0,氯化钙处理后,K与P~0均增大,说明内源代谢活性增强,这与大肠杆菌感受态建立过程中一系列生理生化活性的调整是一致的,表明大肠杆菌感受态的建立很可能有其内在的调节机制,而不完全是人工诱导的。     

Cranberry changes the physicochemical surface properties of E. coli and adhesion with uroepithelial cells

Cranberries have been suggested to decrease the attachment of bacteria to uroepithelial cells (UC), thus preventing urinary tract infections, although the mechanisms are not well understood. A thermodynamic approach was used to calculate the Gibbs free energy of adhesion changes (DeltaG(adh)) for bacteria-UC interactions, based on measuring contact angles with three probe liquids. Interfacial tensions and DeltaG(adh) values were calculated for Escherichia coli HB101pDC1 (P-fimbriated) and HB101 (non-fimbriated) exposed to cranberry juice (0-27 wt.%). HB101pDC1 can form strong bonds with the Gal-Gal disaccharide receptor on uroepithelial cells, while HB101-UC interactions are only non-specific. For HB101 interacting with UC, DeltaG(adh) was always negative, suggesting favorable adhesion, and the values were insensitive to cranberry juice concentration. For the HB101pDC1-UC system, DeltaG(adh) became positive at 27wt.% cranberry juice, suggesting that adhesion was unfavorable. Acid-base (AB) interactions dominated the interfacial tensions, compared to Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW) interactions. Exposure to cranberry juice increased the AB component of the interfacial tension of HB101pDC1. LW interactions were small and insensitive to cranberry juice concentration. The number of bacteria attached to UC was quantified in batch adhesion assays and quantitatively correlated with DeltaG(adh). Since the thermodynamic approach should not agree with the experimental results when specific interactions are present, such as HB101pDC-UC ligand-receptor bonds, our results may suggest that cranberry juice disrupts bacterial ligand-UC receptor binding. These results help form the mechanistic explanation of how cranberry products can be used to prevent bacterial attachment to host tissue, and may lead to the development of better therapies based on natural products.     

基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术的高通量细胞表型分析方法

研究开发了一种基于96孔板培养和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术的高通量细胞表型分析方法。该方法分别以48种物质作为唯一能源对大肠杆菌进行培养,利用GC-MS研究野生型和yfcC基因改造大肠杆菌对各物质的分解代谢情况,实现高通量的细胞表型分析。结果显示,野生型和yfcC基因过表达大肠杆菌对14种物质的代谢能力有显著差异,yfcC基因过表达大肠杆菌对甘氨酸和柠檬酸的代谢能力明显强于野生型大肠杆菌,而对其他物质的代谢能力较弱,我们推测可能是由于yfcC基因促进乙醛酸代谢,导致yfcC过表达菌株对甘氨酸的代谢能力较强;野生型和yfcC基因敲除大肠杆菌间分解有显著差异的共16种物质,其中yfcC基因敲除大肠杆菌对丙氨酸、乳糖、肌醇和柠檬酸的代谢能力较强。该方法简单、高效,可以为未知基因功能研究提供更多代谢功能相关的参考数据。     

Microcalorimetric Study of Antibacterial Activity of Salicylaldehyde Glucosamine Copper(Ⅱ) Complex on E.coli

Since Schiff base and its metal complexes are of antibacterial and anticancer bioactivity, it has been a research subject of much interest. It is reported that Cu(Ⅱ)-SG could inhibite the synthesis of O₂^- markedly and could also combine with the salmn sperm DNA. The paper repored that by using microcalorimetric method The growth meloabolism of E.coli at different temperature and reacted upon by Cu(Ⅱ)-SG. The power-time curves of E.coli reacted with Cu(Ⅲ)-SG at different temperature has been determined by LKB2277 Microcalorimetric Monitor and the multiplication rate constant k, generation time G,bacterial growth inhibition ratio I,total thermogenetic quantity Q, the heat quantity of a single bacterium. Q₀ and the heat quantity of a single bacterium per minute Q₀ have also been calculated. On the basis of k~T data, the formula Lnk~1/T has graphically obtained and activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor A have been calculated. According to the parameters of the growth metabolism of E.coli,some linear relationships have been derived. The paper provides a discussion about the growth metabolism of E.coli reacted upon by Cu(Ⅱ)-SG at different temperature, and it is found that、and t_r can be used to characterize bacterial growth metabolism and the antibacterial activity of Cu(Ⅱ)-SG at different temperature.     

Comparison of contact angle measurement and microbial adhesion to solvents for assaying electron donor-electron acceptor (acid-base) properties of bacterial surface

The electron donor-electron acceptor (acid-base properties) of cell surfaces of a series of bacteria were determined by two methods, namely, Microbial Adhesion to Solvents (MATS) and Contact Angle Measurements (CAM) combined with equation of Van Oss. The efficiency of these two methods was then compared. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus subtilis ILP 142B, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and four Escherichia coli strains including HB101, AL52, O128B12 and ATCC 25922, acid-base properties were examined under the two different conditions mentioned above. The results showed that the correlation between acid-base properties determined by MATS and CAM was very weak. We have also found that when the microbial cell surface was electron donor by CAM method, similar result was found by MATS, but the reverse was not always true. In contrast, a good correlation between the two methods was obtained when the four E. coli strains were examined.     

Study on the influence of potassium iodate on the metabolism of Escherichia coli by intrinsic fluorescence

Intrinsic fluorescence, in particular, has the advantage over the extrinsic fluorescence of an unperturbed environment during investigation, especially in complex systems such as biological cells and tissues. Potassium iodate may restrain bacteria growth as well as it acts as an additive in the salt. The influence of potassium iodate (KIO3) on the metabolism of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is investigated for the first time with the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan (Trp) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). We found that potassium iodate may restrain the growth of E. coli as a bacteriostatic agent. When the potassium iodate concentration was below 1.32 mmol/L, the intensity of tryptophan fluorescence decreased linearly whereas the NADH fluorescence did not change. When the KIO3 concentration was over 1.32 mmol/L, the fluorescence of tryptophan and NADH increased a little and their fluorescence intensity decreased when KIO3 was over 6.67 mmol/L. And the bacteria could not continue growing if the KIO3 was over 6.67 mmol/L.We could conclude that potassium iodate has great inhibiting effects on the growth of E. coli through the pathway of protein synthesis and respiratory chain.     

aprE基因表达的分子生物学和微量热法分析

利用分子生物学方法(SDS-PAGE和酶活检测法)未检测到所克隆的aprE基因在大肠杆菌中的表达产物(碱性蛋白酶), 而微量热法检测结果发现: 重组菌株的生长代谢产热曲线之间存在明显的差异. 根据这些差异, 分析了该基因的上、下游调控序列对该基因在大肠杆菌中表达的重要作用, 从而进一步对该基因进行了亚克隆, 得到了生物学方法可检测到的表达产物. 由此推测, 微量热技术有可能为检测外源基因表达及其调控, 以及为指导进一步基因工程操作提供一种新的快速灵敏的技术和方法.     

微量热法研究头孢菌素对大肠杆菌微生物活性的影响

用微量热法测定了两种头孢菌素头孢哌酮钠(CFZ)和头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(CFZ-SBT)在37 ℃时对大肠杆菌DH5α代谢作用的影响. 根据产热曲线分别获得了大肠杆菌DH5α在不同浓度的头孢哌酮钠和头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠作用下的生长速率常数(k)、抑制率(I)、最大产热功率(Pm)以及最大产热功率所对应的时间tm等热动力学参数. 研究结果表明, 头孢哌酮钠和头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠对大肠杆菌的致死量分别为0.1和0.25 μg/mL. 通过研究k, I, Pm, tm和浓度(c)间的关系发现, 舒巴坦钠的加入没有增加头孢哌酮钠对大肠杆菌DH5α的抑制作用.