倍半硅氧烷合成进展

对以苯基三氯硅烷、苯基三烷氧基硅烷、甲基三氯硅烷、甲基三烷氧基硅烷、甲基三乙酸基硅烷分别为原料采用碱催化平衡水解三步法合成可溶性高分子量聚倍半硅氧烷及其共聚物进行了综述,并对以苯基三氯硅烷为原料采取一步法合成热塑性聚苯基倍半硅氧烷予以介绍,总结了以不同有机基为原料采用碱催化平衡法合成不溶性立方体聚倍半硅氧烷的研究结果,最后对卤盐催化非水解sol-gel法制备有机倍半硅氧烷凝胶作了阐述,以期对合成不同结构的聚倍半硅氧烷提供帮助。     

So1-Gel法制备键合型有机/无机复合非线性光学材料

以含对硝基苯胺生色团的烷氧基硅烷染料和正硅酸乙酯为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了含对硝基苯胺生色团的键合型有机/无机复合非线性光学材料.在这种有机生色团与无机玻璃键合形成的交联网络中,无机玻璃的刚性三维结构和优良的高温稳定性能有效抑制非线性光学生色团的极化松弛.二阶谐波信号(SHG)测量表明,这种有机/无机复合材料的二阶非线性光学系数(d33)值达到4.62 × 10-8esu;NLO稳定性也较好;室温下90d后d33值维持初始值的84.5%,100℃下放置300min后d33值维持初始值的51%.     

聚-4-氧杂-6,7-双甲硫基庚基硅氧烷铂络合物的合成及其对烯烃硅氢加成反应的催化特性

4-氧杂-6,7-双甲硫基三甲氧基硅烷用气相法二氧化硅固载,再与氯亚铂酸钾作用,合成了双齿型硫醚铂络合物——聚-4-氧杂-6,7-双甲硫基庚基硅氧烷铂络合物。它对烷氧基硅烷与烯烃的硅氢加成反应具有良好的催化活性和突出的回收再用性能。其结构通过元素分析和XPS进行了表征。     

混合外给电子体环己基甲基二甲氧基硅烷/二苯基二氯硅烷对丙烯聚合的影响

近年来,聚丙烯工业生产的第三代催化剂都使用烷氧基硅烷作外给电子体,不同结构的硅烷作为外给电子体,对丙烯聚合行为的影响研究表明,外给电子体能使聚合物的等规度提高,同时伴随着聚合活性下降,烷氧基硅烷等外给电子体提高等规度的作用,是由于它们选择性地使无规活性中心失活的能力远高于等规活性中心,或使无规活性中心     

Sol-gel法在燃料电池用质子交换膜制备中的应用

主要综述了溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法在制备质子交换膜中的应用。将Sol-gel法应用到质子交换膜的制备中,提供了一种制膜和优化膜的行之有效的途径。本文着重从利用sol-gel法制备有机/无机杂化型、磷酸/二氧化硅型以及全氟磺酸膜的改进型质子交换膜等方面加以介绍。     

甲基取代的氯硅烷甲醇醇解合成烷氧基硅烷

以有机氯硅烷与甲醇反应制备的烷氧基硅烷是有机硅工业的基本原料之一 ,也是有机硅工业中的重要中间体[1 ] 。本文以二甲基、三甲基氯硅烷和甲醇为原料 ,采用溶剂法的醇解方法来合成烷氧基硅烷 ,从醇解温度、溶剂种类及其滴加方式等影响因素 ,考察了甲醇醇解的难易程度和目的产物的得率 ,初步对其醇解规律进行了探讨。1　实验方法1 1　甲基一甲氧基硅烷的合成在 1 0 0ｍｌ三颈瓶中加块状金属钠 5 0克 ,缓慢滴加 35 0克甲醇 ,制得甲醇钠 -醇饱和溶液 ,备用。在三颈瓶中加入 1 0ｍｌ二甲苯作溶剂 ,氮气保护下 ,同时缓慢滴加甲醇钠 -醇饱和…     

直接合成三烷氧基硅烷铜系催化剂的研究现状

三烷氧基硅烷(HSi(OR)3)既含有可水解的Si-OR键,又具有活泼的Si-H键.其中,Si-OR键通过水解缩合可转化成聚硅氧烷,与格氏试剂反应可生成烷氧基硅烷;Si-H键在铂系催化剂作用下,可与一系列含不饱和基的化合物发生氢硅化加成反应,得到各种碳官能硅烷、硅氧烷及硅基改性有机聚合物[1     

氟化钾催化含氢烷氧基硅烷的歧化反应

氟化钾催化含氢烷氧基硅烷的歧化反应张增佑，尚坚，周秀中（南开大学元素有机化学研究所化学系，天津，５０００７１）关键词歧化反应，氟化物，催化，烷氧基硅烷早在７０年代初期Ａｋｌｉｒｅｍ［１］就报道了氟化物可催化硅氢化物醇解。关于氟化物活化Ｓｉ—Ｈ键的实质...     

二氧化硅-聚苯胺(SiO2-PANI)杂化透明导电薄膜的制备和表征

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法,以3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)和聚苯胺为主要原料,制备得到有机-无机杂化透明导电薄膜。着重研究制备过程中醋酸、间甲酚和聚苯胺含量对薄膜结构、导电性和可见光透过率的影响。通过红外光谱可知,采用溶胶-凝胶法可制得结构稳定的杂化导电材料。醋酸作为水解缩聚反应的反应剂和催化剂,当其与3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的物质的量比为0.4时,MPTMS的水解缩聚速率和聚苯胺掺杂入无机前驱体的掺杂速率达到平衡。此外,透明杂化导电薄膜的方块电阻随间甲酚和聚苯胺含量的增加而降低,当间甲酚和3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的物质的量比为5,聚苯胺和二氧化硅的质量比为3/7时,薄膜的方块电阻为3.23 kΩ/□,可见光透过率为80%。     

二氧化硅-聚苯胺(SiO2-PANI)杂化透明导电薄膜的制备和表征

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法,以3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)和聚苯胺为主要原料,制备得到有机-无机杂化透明导电薄膜.着重研究制备过程中醋酸、间甲酚和聚苯胺含量对薄膜结构、导电性和可见光透过率的影响.通过红外光谱可知,采用溶胶-凝胶法可制得结构稳定的杂化导电材料.醋酸作为水解缩聚反应的反应剂和催化剂,当其与3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的物质的量比为0.4时.MPIMS的水解缩聚速率和聚苯胺掺杂入无机前驱体的掺杂速率达到平衡.此外,透明杂化导电薄膜的方块电阻随间甲酚和聚苯胺含量的增加而降低,当间甲酚和3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的物质的量比为5,聚苯胺和二氧化硅的质量比为3/7时,薄膜的方块电阻为3.23 kΩ/□,可见光透过率为80%.     

Sol-Gel Immobilized Glucose-Oxidase: Calorimetric Investigations of Enzyme Activities

Using the sol-gel process, the enzyme glucose-oxidase was immobilized in modified SiO2 layers. The tetraethoxysilane based sol was varied by veratrylaldehyde, aminopropyltriethoxysilane and an azomethine compound, which was synthesized from both molecules. Changes in reaction kinetics of the sol-gel process by addition of veratrylaldehyde were observed by 29Si NMR measurements. The fixation of this additive in the final gel was clarified by FTIR spectroscopy.The influence of inserted functional groups on the enzyme activity was determined by calorimetry. The Enzyme Thermistor is a fast and uncomplicated method to obtain comparative results of sol-gel immobilized enzyme activity. Differences in immobilization effects were found dependent on structure and concentration of additives.     

半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽氧化反应动力学的研究进展

本文对半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽的氧化反应动力学的研究进展进行了综述。阐述了含硫氨基酸的生化性质、应用及其重要作用。分别对半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽的氧化产物分析和动力学机理的研究成果进行了介绍。提出了巯基氨基酸及肽氧化反应动力学研究难点和可行的研究手段及方法。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/玻璃膜和光催化降解玫瑰红B的研究

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/玻璃膜和光催化降解玫瑰红B的研究     

Porous Hybrid Photocatalysts Based on Polyoxometalates

This paper reviews a series of new and water-tolerant porous POM-containing hybrid photocatalysts with different pore sizes. These materials were prepared by soft chemical synthesis techniques including sol-gel chemistry, intercalation chemistry, colloidal crystal templating, cluster chemistry, and hydrothermal process. We also report the heterogeneous photocatalytic behaviors of these as-prepared materials, including activity, kinetics, and reaction mechanism.     

溴代甲烷在TiO2上的光催化降解研究

系统地研究了CH₃Br在溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO₂催化剂上的气相光催化氧化行为,考察了催化剂煅烧温度、催化剂中残留NO-3、反应物料中的水份、反应温度等催化剂制备及反应条件对催化剂反应性能的影响,并结合XRD、BET比表面积和FTIR等表征结果对TiO₂催化剂的反应行为进行了解释.实验结果表明,CH₃Br在TiO₂上的气相光催化氧化是典型的一级反应,表观活化能为13.7kJ/mol.反应初始阶段存在显著的催化剂失活现象,催化剂高温煅烧,NO-3及水等对该反应活性都有明显的抑制作用,提高反应温度有利于改善催化剂的反应性能.     

Carrageenan-oligochitosan microcapsules: optimization of the formation process(1)

The formation of new microcapsules based on polyelectrolyte complexes between carrageenans and oligochitosan has been investigated. The optimization of the process, which includes the selection of the most suitable solvent and investigation of the influence of reaction conditions on capsule properties, is presented. Iota-carrageenan (1.2-2% wt.) prepared in HEPES buffer was found to be the most suitable for the formation of mechanically stable capsules. These new capsules combine extremely high deformability (>90%) and elasticity with permeability control and can be applied in various bioencapsulation technologies. It has been shown that the reaction time influences the mechanical properties, whereas carrageenan concentration and the temperature during the capsule formation effect both mechanical and porosity characteristic of the membrane. Moreover, the temperature influences the kinetics of the diffusion through the complex iota-carrageenan/oligochitosan membrane. In general egress is faster above the sol-gel transition point, indicating applicability in thermo-induced releasing systems.     

Removal of Zinc Ions by Sol-Gel Silica Doped with Cibacron Blue

Chemically doped sol-gel silica has been developed by entrapping organic dye cibacron blue as a complexing reagent in porous silica prepared by the sol-gel method for removal of metal ions from water samples. In the doped sol-gel silica, the large reagent molecules are entrapped inside the pores while small metal ions can diffuse into the pores where they are complexed by the reagent and retained inside the pores. This new solid sorbent was tested for removal of Zn(II) from aqueous solutions. The kinetics, isotherm, and pH effect of the removal were investigated. With a loading of 0.10 mmol cibacron blue/g, the sol-gel silica sorbent had a capacity of 0.09 mmol Zn/g. It was demonstrated that the sol-gel silica sorbent could be regenerated and reused repeatedly.     

Phase Separation Process of Polymer—Incorporated Silica-Zirconia Sol-Gel System

Gels with interconnected domain morphologies in the micrometer-range have been prepared in the silica-zirconia system. The domain formation kinetics in the gelling solution have been examined. Growth of an ordered structure on the length scale of micrometers, for which the kinetics are interpreted as spinodal decomposition, was observed by time-resolved light scattering measurements. The remarkable feature of the silica-zirconia system was that a time-dependent decrease of the wavelength of compositional fluctuations was observed. This occurred in the early stage, probably because the fast condensation reaction which was induced by the addition of zirconia, lead to a substantial change in quench depth on a timescale similar to that of the growth of concentration fluctuations. In the following stage, the coarsened domain structure was frozen-in by the sol-gel transition as the permanent morphology.     

Oxidation and flow-injection amperometric determination of 5-hydroxytryptophan at an electrode modified by electrochemically assisted deposition of a sol-gel film with templated nanoscale pores

The oxidation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTPP) yielded a passivating polymeric film at an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Coating ITO with a nanoscale sol-gel film with a mesoporous structure was shown to change the pathway of the chemical reaction coupled to the electron transfer. The sol-gel film was deposited by an electrochemically assisted process, and the mesoporosity was imparted by including generation-4 poly(amidoamine) dendrimer in the precursor solution. The dendrimer was removed subsequently with an atmospheric oxygen plasma. This electrode remained active during cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis of 5-HTPP, which was attributed to dimer, rather than polymer, formation from the oxidation product. Mass spectrometry confirmed this hypothesis. The anodic current was limited by the electron-transfer kinetics. Modification of the sol-gel film by inclusion of cobalt hexacyanoferrate, which catalyzes the oxidation, resulted in a diffusion-limited current. Determination of 5-HTPP by flow-injection amperometry had a detection limit of 17 nM.     

弹道明胶老化初级阶段的模型

用流变震荡模式研究了10 wt%浓度的弹道明胶在冷却和等温下的老化行为.对明胶从sol-gel点冷却到某个目标温度的过程,通过不同冷却速率的实验,建了一个弹性模量与温度的线性关系.不同温度下明胶的等温老化实验表明,弹性模量-时间曲线具有相似的形状.依据Normand提出的二级反应动力学模型,引入一个表征明胶老化行为的速率常数,构建了一个预测弹道明胶在老化初级阶段的弹性模量演化的模型.该模型中模量-温度关系在初始和无穷大时是直线,其他模量-温度线是近似直线,并交于sol-gel点.老化速率常数和过冷度之间符合Flory-Weaver方程.对弹性模量和老化时间进行归一化处理,可将不同温度下的老化曲线叠加成一条主曲线.