电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镍基高温合金中铬、钛、铌、铝、铁、硼的含量

在对各元素的分析谱线的选择及基体元素镍对相关元素测定的干扰作了系统研究的基础上,提出用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定镍基高温合金中铬、钛、铌、铝、铁及硼6种合金元素的方法。上述6种元素的检出限(3s/k)在0.006 9~0.13 mg.L-1范围内。取GH 33镍基高温标准样品按所提出方法分析,测定值与标准值相互一致,测得相对标准偏差值(n=10)均小于1.5%。在基体镍溶液中加入各被测元素的标准溶液做回收试验,上述6种元素的回收率在98.3%~101.0%之间。为对此方法的准确性作进一步考核,对GH 4145高温镍基合金样品进行分析,各元素的测定值与国家标准方法的测定值相符合。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铅锭中的硒

采用硝酸溶样,在不分离大量铅基体情况下,用聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)掩蔽基体,建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定铅锭中微量硒的简单、快速分析方法。研究了最佳溶样方法,探讨了PESA用量对测定结果的影响,优化了仪器的工作参数,考察了测定条件以及共存元素对测定结果的影响。实验表明,PESA可以有效地消除铅锭中基体元素Pb的干扰,铅锭中的共存离子Ca、Cu、Sb、Sn、Cr、Fe、Zn和Co不干扰Se的测定。Se的方法检出限为0.29ng/mL。该方法用于实际样品测量时结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.74%~3.08%(n=5)之间,加标回收率为95%~108%。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定催干剂中金属元素含量

应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了不同种类催干剂中9种金属元素,即钴、锰、铅、钙、锌、钒、锆、镧和铈。样品置于聚四氟乙烯溶样罐中加入浓硝酸及高氯酸,盖紧罐盖后按预设程序分两步进行微波加热,加压消解,所得溶液稀释至一定体积供ICP-AES分析。对上述元素的谱线中选择合适的谱线作分析线,达到了9元素的同时测定。同混合标准溶液制备各元素的工作曲线,其线性范围均在100.0 mg·L~(-1)以内。以一催干剂样品为基体,用标准加入法作回收试验,测得回收率在93.8%～109.9%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.11%～1.56%之间。不同来源的5个催干剂样品的分析结果表明所测得的金属元素的类别和含量显著差异。试验还证实所提出的方法具有操作快速、简单、方便,适合应用于日常分析工作。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定氧化镁和氢氧化镁中10种痕量元素

基于高纯镁基氧化物中金属离子含量的严格要求,通过对等离子体参数、光谱参数、分析谱线、溶样介质的种类及酸度、共存元素干扰等因素的探讨,在确定最优的试验条件下,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了氧化镁和氢氧化镁中钙、钾、钠、硼、铁、锰、镉、铅、硫、铝等10种痕量元素的含量。结果表明:10种元素的检出限(3s)为0.000 9～0.029 1 mg·L~(-1),测定下限(10s)为0.003 0～0.097 1 mg·L~(-1);回收率为97.6%～101%,测定值的的相对标准偏差(n=11)为4.5%～20%。     

模糊聚类-偏最小二乘算法应用于分光光度法同时测定铁、镍、钒、铜、钴

对铁(Ⅲ)、镍(Ⅱ)、钒(Ⅴ)、铜(Ⅱ)及钴(Ⅱ)五种金属离子分别与5-Br-PADAP在OP存在下且在pH 3.5的乙酸盐缓冲溶液中的显色反应进行了研究。结果表明,每一离子与5-Br-PADAP螯合物的吸收光谱严重重叠,使各元素的光度测定受到相互严重干扰。将模糊聚类-偏最小二乘算法应用于此反应体系的计算,使光谱重叠及光度分析计算中的校正模型的优化问题得到有效的解决。在最佳反应条件下并应用模糊聚类-PLS算法,可实现上述5种元素的同时光度测定。用5个模拟样进行回收率试验,5个元素的回收率结果在93.3%~105.5%之间。将此方法应用于原油样品中5种元素的测定,所得结果与AAS法所测得结果相符。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定低合金钢中痕量硼

研究了用标准加入法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定低合金钢中痕量硼的方法,对试样溶样方法、元素分析谱线、共存元素干扰、背景校正、仪器分析最佳条件等因素进行了研究.试验结果表明,在选定的最佳条件下测定,硼的检出限为0.002 mg·L-1,相对标准偏差小于2%,加标回收率为95.0%～108.6%.     

直读光谱法测定CD4MCu不锈钢中碳、镍、铬、铜、钼

应用光电直读光谱法测定了不锈钢(CD4MCu)中碳、镍、铬、铜及钼5种元素。通过下述三项措施提高了方法的准确度和精密度:共存元素的干扰校正;增加制作各元素的标准工作曲线时所用的标准样品数,用了两套标准共13块光谱分析用标准样品;选择样块上合适部位作为光谱激发点。上述5种元素的测量范围(质量分数)依次为0.02%～0.35%,3.50%～28.0%,6.50%～32.0%,0.05%～5.0%及0.05%～4.0%。对方法的精密度做了试验,测得相对标准偏差(n=11)为碳4.8%,镍、铬、钼0.4%,铜2.3%。应用此方法分析了5个不锈钢(CD4MCu)样品,所测得数据与用GB标准中化学法所测得的结果完全一致。     

ICP-AES测定粗银粉及银阳极板中Se、Sb等杂质元素

研究用ICP-AES同时测定粗银粉及银阳极板中Se、Sb、Te、Pb、Bi、Au、Fe、Cu和Pd杂质元素的方法.试验以酒石酸作掩蔽剂,突出解决了溶样过程中AgCl对杂质元素的吸附损失,确定了合适的分析线和折衷的仪器分析条件,9个被测元素的检出限为0.002～0.008μg/mL,相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.50%～3.6%,加标回收率为98.57%～100.5%,可用于粗银粉和银阳极板中杂质元素的测定.     

ICP-AES法同时测定硅质物料中多种金属元素

探讨了采用ICP-AES法,利用同一母液,一次实现硅质物料中Ca、Mg、A l、Fe、Ti 5种元素成分的联合测定方法,通过试验确定了溶样方法、仪器最佳工作参数、ICP分析条件、分析谱线等。该法测定Ca、Mg、A l、Fe、Ti 5种金属元素含量的相对标准偏差小于2.5%(n=6),回收率为95%~104%。该方法对5种元素的测定结果与国标法测定结果基本一致。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测氧化镓中杂质元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定氧化镓中杂质元素的检测方法,采用微波消解技术溶样,以5 ng/mL Rh为内标补偿校正镓基体的抑制效应,采用碰撞室技术(CCT)消除多元素分子离子的干扰.方法的检出限为0.10～1.0 ng/mL,加标回收率在85%～110%之间,RSD为0.6%～7.1%.该方法能满足99.95%～99.995%氧化镓中杂质元素的分析要求.     

全蝎中4种微量元素的形态分析

对中药全蝎中铜、锌、铁和镁4种微量元素存在的形态及含量进行了研究。文中叙述了全蝎样品中元素的各种形态(可溶态、悬浮态、无机态、有机态)的提取方法和分离,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了各试液中4种微量元素的含量。结果显示,全蝎中4种元素的总提取率在39.9%~63.2%之间,浸留比在73.6%~126.0%之间,悬浮态颗粒吸附率在10%左右,铜、锌、铁、镁的有机态与无机态的比例在250.0%~550.0%之间。     

Spectroelectrochemical studies of [Mo(dtc)_4][Eu(dtc)_4] and [Mo(dtc)_4][Er(dtc)_4]

Redox and spectroscopic properties of the eight-coordination complexes of molybdenum and the rare-earth elements Eu or Er with N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (dtc) were characterised by cyclic voltamrnetry and UV-visible absorption spectra.The complex cation [Mo(dtc)4]+ is more stable than the complex anions [Eu(dtc)4]-and [Er(dtc)4]-in redox processes,and possesses good redox reversibility.The electron transfer number,formal standard electrode potential in the redox process for the complex cation and its diffusion coefficients were obtained by in aitu spectroelectro-chemistry.     

Relativistic Jahn-Teller effects in the photoelectron spectra of tetrahedral P4, As4, Sb4, and Bi4

The group-V tetrahedral cluster cations P(4)(+), As(4)(+), Sb(4)(+), and Bi(4)(+) are known to exhibit exceptionally strong Jahn-Teller (JT) effects of electrostatic origin in their (2)E ground states and (2)T(2) excited states. It has been predicted that there exist, in addition, JT couplings of relativistic origin (arising from the spin-orbit (SO) operator) in (2)E and (2)T(2) states of tetrahedral systems, which should become relevant for the heavier elements. In the present work, the JT and SO couplings in the group-V tetramer cations have been analyzed with ab initio relativistic electronic structure calculations. The vibronic line spectra and the band shapes of the photoelectron spectra were simulated with time-dependent quantum wave-packet methods. The results provide insight into the interplay of electrostatic and relativistic JT couplings and SO splittings in the complex photoelectron spectra of these systems.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定紫斑牡丹胚乳和胚中矿物质元素

为了给离体体细胞胚的人工胚乳配制提供矿物质元素种类和数量方面的参考,用浓硝酸-高氯酸(4∶1)的混合溶液消解紫斑牡丹的胚乳和胚样品,采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了样品中的(K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Li、Ni、B、Ag、Cd、Pb)14种矿物质元素含量。结果表明:各元素的校准曲线的回归系数在0.9990～0.9999之间,线性良好;方法精密度高,能多元素同时分析;紫斑牡丹胚乳和胚中均含有植物生长必需的K、Ca、Mg 3种大量元素,Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni、B 6种微量元素,1种有益元素Na,及Li和Pb,Ag、Cd则未被检测到。在被检测到的12种元素中,Mg、Zn、Mn、Fe、K、Na、Li与Ni 8种元素在胚乳中的含量低于胚中的含量,Ca、Cu、Pb与B在胚乳中的含量则高于胚中的含量。     

A pseudopotential-based composite method: the relativistic pseudopotential correlation consistent composite approach for molecules containing 4d transition metals (Y-Cd)

The correlation consistent composite approach (ccCA) has proven to be an effective first-principles-based composite approach for main group and first-row transition metal species. By combining relativistic pseudopotentials and ccCA, accurate energetic and thermodynamic data for heavier elements, including transition metals, is obtainable. Relativistic pseudopotential ccCA (rp-ccCA) was formulated and tested on 25 molecules from the G3∕05 set that contain 4p elements (Ga-Kr). A 32.5% time savings was obtained using rp-ccCA, relative to ccCA employing all-electron basis sets. When implementing rp-ccCA to compute dissociation energies and enthalpies of formation for molecules from the 4p block, rp-ccCA results in a mean absolute deviation of 0.89 kcal?mol(-1) from experimental data. rp-ccCA was also applied to a set of 30 4d transition metal-containing molecules, ranging from diatomics to Mo(CO)(6), and enthalpies of formation for these species were obtained with a mean absolute deviation of 2.89 kcal mol(-1) in comparison to experimental data. Based on quality of the experimentally available enthalpies of formation, where the average value of reported experimental error bars is 3.43 kcal mol(-1), rp-ccCA is within transition metal chemical accuracy for the 4d molecule set. rp-ccCA is a pseudopotential-based composite method for transition metals and is shown to yield accurate thermodynamic results for molecules containing heavy elements Ga-Kr and Y-Cd.     

4-(5-Nonyl)pyridine as an extractant for cobalt thiocyanate complexes from mineral acid solutions

The partition behaviour of cobalt into 4-(5-nonyl)pyridine (NPy) in benzene from aqueous hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acid media containing variable amounts of potassium thiocyanate is described. Cobalt is quantitatively extracted by NPy from 0.1–1M KSCN solutions at 0.01 M concentration of the mineral acids. The extraction mechanism and the possible compositions of the extracted species are discussed. The effects of foreign salts on the extraction of cobalt from three mineral acid solutions are reported. Several elements including those which are of some interest in connection with the separation of cobalt were tested for extraction from 0.01 M solutions of mineral acids 0.3 M with respect to KSCN and their factors for separation from cobalt were estimated.     

Ortho-chalcogenostannates as ligands: syntheses, crystal structures, electronic properties, and magnetism of novel compounds containing ternary anionic substructures [M4(mu4-Se)(SnSe4)4]10- (M=Mn, Zn, Cd, Hg), 3(infinity)[[Hg4(mu4-Se)(SnSe4)3]6-], or 1(infinity)[[HgSnSe4]2-

By reaction of K4[SnSe4].1.5 MeOH with CdCl2 or Hg(OAc)2 in water/methanol it was possible to prepare single crystals of four novel compounds that contain ternary anionic coordination oligomers and polymers: [K10(H2O)16(MeOH)(0.5)][M4(mu4-Se)(SnSe4)4] (4: M=Cd, 5: M=Hg), [K6(H2O)3][Hg4(mu4-Se)(SnSe4)3].MeOH (6), and K2[HgSnSe4] (7), which were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The optical absorption properties of the isostructural compounds 4 and 5, as well as those of the recently reported Zn (2) and Mn (3) analogues, were studied by UV-visible spectroscopy. These investigations showed the quaternary phases to have relatively small optical gaps for their molecular size (2.2-2.6 eV), which are similar to the excitation energies that were observed for mesostructured solids of the respective combination of elements. According to DFT investigations on the ternary anions, an experimentally observed difference between the absorption behavior of the d10 compounds 2, 4, and 5 and the open-shell d(5) compound 3 is in line with different characters of the frontier orbitals in the two cases. Both the calculations and a magnetic measurement on 3 demonstrated antiferromagnetic coupling between the mu(4)-Se-bridged Mn centers.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定磷铁中磷、锰、钛和铝

提出了用硝酸-氢氟酸溶解磷铁样品后经高氯酸冒烟除氟,在硝酸(1+99)溶液中,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中的磷、锰、钛和铝等成分。选择波长为213.618,257.610,334.941,308.215nm的4条谱线依次作为磷、锰、钛和铝测定的分析线。应用此方法分析了4个磷铁样品,其中包括一个国家标准物质GBW 01429,测得结果与化学法的测定结果或与认定值相符。磷、锰、钛和铝测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为0.49%,0.43%,0.83%,9.0%。     

Syntheses of 4-methacryloxy-2,3,5,6-tetrabromobenzyl phosphonates and effects of flame retardancy on their Co-PMMA

4-Methacryloxy-2,3,5,6-tetrabromobenzyl phosphonates (MTBBP) are prepared by the reaction of corresponding 4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrabromobenzyl phosphonates (HTBBP) with methacryloyl chloride. Comparisons of flame retardancy among the copolymers of methylmethacrylate (MMA) with MTBBP or with 4-methacryloxy-2,3,5,6-tetrabromotoluene(MTBT) and the mixture of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with triphenyl phosphite reveal that the combination of phosphorus and bromine elements produces a synergistic effect on flame retardancy, and the chemical grafting of the fire-resistant elements into the polymer backbone gives a better effect than the physical mixing of their compounds with polymer. The unsatisfactory results of homopolymers of the synthesized methacrylate monomers prepared by free radical polymerization in solution may be due to their less reactivities; however, they can readily copolymerize with a liquid vinyl monomer such as MMA by means of bulk polymerization.