化工、石油产品及硅酸盐分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“化工、石油产品及硅酸盐分析”课题的第七次评述,评述了１９９７ 年７ 月至１９９９ 年６ 月国内关于化工产品、石油产品、硅酸盐的分析进展,引用文献７０９ 篇。     

离子色谱在我国建材行业中的应用进展

对国内建材行业相关标准中涉及的离子检测方法进行总结;概述了离子色谱在建材中常见的氯离子、硫酸根、氟离子检测中的应用进展,并对其在建材行业中的应用前景进行了展望。离子色谱法具有快速,选择性好,灵敏度高等优点,在建材行业中会得到越来越广泛的应用。     

音波振动式全自动筛分粒度仪的研制

设计了一种采用音波振动方法对颗粒状物质进行筛分的全自动筛分仪，仪器采用微电脑控制筛分的全过程，实现了全自动化，并可外接计算机，获得样品最终粒度分析结果，该仪器广泛适用于石油，地质，水利，海洋，化工，冶金，建材，磨料，医药，轻工，能源等多种领域粉体的粒度分析。     

锌冶炼行业环境风险分级评价指标体系研究

在国内重金属突发性污染环境事件的高发态势的背景下,如何科学、合理、有效地对具有高环境风险的锌冶炼行业进行管理已成为我国环境风险管理工作急需解决的问题。本文在已有研究的基础上,对锌冶炼行业的环境风险要素分析后,基于突发性环境风险水平、累积性环境风险水平和选址敏感性水平三方面入手,选取了锌冶炼行业环境风险分级评价指标,构建了锌冶炼行业环境风险分级评价指标体系,为锌冶炼行业环境风险管理工作提供依据。     

Contaminated earth and water: a legacy of the synthetic dyestuffs industry

This paper demonstrates that the subject of the transport and fate of waste from the synthetic dye industry in far more than a footnote in history. It is actually a major chapter, encompassing both Europe and the United States. Indeed, in the 1990s there was as much interest in the history of the industry and its wastes among environmental litigators, particularly in the United States, as there was in the history of the dye industry among historians of chemistry. Review and analysis of various sources (ranging from expert reports, through early legislation, lobbying by and on behalf of the synthetic dyestuffs industry, methods of chemical detection and identification, and processes of waste handling and treatment) make it clear that much was known about the persistent and problematic nature of this waste. This included soil and groundwater contamination, as well as surface water pollution. There were considerable efforts to regulate manufacturers before 1890, but after that time the political and economic muscle of industry prevailed and prevented effective remedial action. Until the mid-twentieth century the industry effectively exerted its own destiny, self-regulatory and otherwise, even in the face of opposition.     

浅谈聚氨酯产业现状与发展趋势

聚氨酯材料是一类广泛应用的高分子材料,本文针对目前我国聚氨酯制品的广泛应用及其产业的迅猛发展,预测了国内聚氨酯三大基础原料甲苯异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和聚醚多元醇(PPG)的未来产能,同时从我国人口总量的优势、交通运输业的增长、建筑节能的新需求、休闲市场的新发展及医用材料的应用等几个方面分析了未来拉动聚氨酯产业发展的几大因素,指出国内聚氨酯产业的发展趋势。     

探索战略性新兴产业发展模式,推动纳米技术应用产业发展

作为开展纳米科技研究较早、论文专利成果显著的纳米科技大国,我国的纳米技术产业化发展明显滞后,尚未形成纳米技术的＂产业＂共识.苏州是国内第一个把纳米技术产业作为引领转型升级的战略性新兴产业的区域,这一战略选择得到了国家、中国科学院和江苏省的高度支持.战略性新兴产业发展需要＂顶层设计、系统规划＂.苏州借鉴国际经验,结合国情和区域实际,提出构建纳米技术产业生态圈,按照产业发展需求规划布局和整合产业资源要素,形成有效互动的产业发展模式,得到国内外纳米技术科技界、产业界和政府部门的普遍认同.     

三苯类废气污染及从业人员健康状况调查

为了开展国内精细化工产品生产使用中三苯(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)类废气排放和从业人员健康状况调查研究,为精细化工三苯类废气的治理提供政策依据和管理支持,促进精细化工行业的可持续发展,通过查阅大量相关文献资料,对国内相关企业三苯类废气的污染情况及从业人员健康状况进行调研。结果表明,所调研的皮具、地板、涂料、化工、陶瓷等行业都存在三苯类废气严重污染现象,对从业人员的健康也造成不同程度的损害,因此应加强对三苯类废气污染的治理工作。     

塑料工业技术开发热点及其市场预测

本文简述了塑科将成为未来世纪的主要工业材料,介绍了80年代至本世纪末,世界主要国家塑料工业的主要品种,产量,生产能力;分析了90年代世界塑料市场供需状况,并重点探讨了中国塑料市场供需矛盾,预测了2000年需求总量,提出了今后发展应注意的关键问题。最后,重点探讨了世界塑料工业几个主要品种,今后发展趋势及一些关键技术的开发热点。     

绿色化学关键技术在精细化工中的应用

绿色化学理念及技术的创新发展,能够更好与精细化工的各环节结合,提升效率、降低消耗、节约成本、增强竞争力,符合我国低碳发展方向,满足行业的可持续发展需求。本文主要介绍近年来绿色化学技术在精细化工领域的发展现状和应用前景,探讨了生物催化/发酵技术、非贵金属或无金属催化技术、微通道反应技术、新能源驱动的化学反应技术、新型高效分离技术、生产过程的人工智能和自动化等绿色化学关键技术在精细化工研制中的应用实例,为推动绿色化学技术的综合利用和可持续发展提供参考和借鉴。     

超临界CO2络合萃取金属离子的研究与应用

本文综述了国内外对超临界CO2络合萃取技术的研究与应用现状.总结并分析了超临界CO2流体萃取金属离子的原理、方法,动力学机理,络合剂和改性剂的选择,络合萃取过程的影响因素,并着重介绍了其在环境保护、核工业、冶金工业、化学分析、中药产业、保健品工业中的应用.最后指出了它目前存在的问题,并对未来研究方向进行了展望.     

二烯丙基二烷基季铵盐高分子的合成与基础研究进展

二烯丙基二烷基季铵盐高分子是一类多功能水溶性高分子,在石油开采、造纸、采矿、纺织印染、日用化工、水处理、食品和医药等领域具有广泛的用途.本文综述了其合成的原理和方法、聚合反应机理与动力学特征、质量指标与分析方法等方面的研究进展,探讨了存在的问题,提出了改进措施.     

Secondary material resources of oil-producing plants

Different ways for utilization of by-products from the production of sunflower, soybean, linseed, and rapeseed oil in Russia are reviewed. Different options of using sunflower press cakes as sorbents, in the production of feedstuffs for animals, in the construction industry, and energy industry are described. Examples of application of oil meal in the food industry and feedstuff production, especially in the production of protein isolates and concentrates, mayonnaise, and enriched bread are described. Prospects for oil meal application in biotechnology are also given.     

Anaerobic Fermentation Treatment of Bagasse Alkaline Spent Liquor

The bagasse is the waste of sugar-making industry, it contains 50% of cellulose and is the major material of pulp and paper industry in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan provinces. In industry, the bagasse chemical pulp is often made by using alkali, most of bagasse pulp mills without recovery of soda and organic materials, and are discharged into the river because of technologic and economic reason. This makes serious pollution to the water and affects the ecological balance.     

变压吸附技术的应用研究进展1

变压吸附(PSA)技术是近几十年来在工业上新崛起的气体分离技术,是物理化学渗流理论在工业上的具体应用。自上世纪70年代以来,变压吸附技术因其优势明显,在化工分离中占有重要地位,受到关注和发展。文章简要综述了变压吸附技术的发展里程、理论基础及其研究进展、分离过程的计算机模拟和在国内外工业领域中的应用情况,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Applications of ICP-MS in semiconductor industry

Contamination in semiconductor industry is a very serious drawback during the production of integrated circuits. Connected with the ongoing miniaturization smaller and smaller amounts of metal contamination can effect the integrated circuits. Because of the outstanding detection limits ICP-MS is widely spread in semiconductor industry. The main applications are metal and semi-metal analysis in deionized water, chemicals and on the wafer surface. The challenges in semiconductor industry are the required detection limits, which are mainly limited by contamination during sample treatment and the background of the instruments. Received: 14 January 1999 / Revised: 12 April 1999 / Accepted: 12 April 1999     

History of Reinforced Plastics

This history of reinforced plastics is told by combining the individual histories of each reinforcement and the way in which they added to and changed the direction and rate of growth of the industry. The early history is based on all resins, fillers, and fibers found in nature. Then came the Baekeland revolution with the first synthetic resin which lasted about 25 years, at which time synthetic fiber glass and polyester resin dramatically changed the industry. Now, for the 1980s, the high modulus fibers developed 10 to 20 years ago are reshaping the industry.     

项目驱动型教学模式在分析检测技术中的应用

In the past practical training courses, the courses were separated from the industry. Professional teachers in the school had no industry background, and industrial instructors lacked the ability of curriculum design. Focusing on these problems, as well as the demand for applied talents, new practical training courses are urgently needed. Taking the practical training course of "analytical detection technique" as an example, the paper explores the application of project-driven teaching model to realize the transformation from knowledge paradigm to ability paradigm. Finally, it will cultivate applied talents to meet the needs of social developments and industry demands.     

矿冶行业阴离子检测技术研究进展

对矿冶行业中阴离子分析与检测技术进行了全面详细的介绍,分析了矿冶行业对先进的阴离子检测技术的需求,总结了主要的前沿阴离子检测技术。着重论述了具有广泛应用前景的离子色谱法,介绍了在应用此项技术时,如何进行样品的预处理,如何去除各种杂质的干扰等,最后,对在该行业阴离子检测的发展趋势进行了展望。