GO/Ag3PO4复合光催化剂的制备、表征及光催化性能

以石墨粉为原料,采用Hummers氧化法合成氧化石墨烯(GO).然后在超声作用下,将不同含量的Ag₃PO₄沉积在GO上,制备了一系列4% (w,质量分数) GO/Ag₃PO₄、8% GO/Ag₃PO₄、16% GO/Ag₃PO₄和32% GO/Ag₃PO₄复合光催化剂.对所制备的光催化剂运用N₂物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等手段进行了表征,并在可见光下考察了GO含量对Ag₃PO₄光催化降解甲基橙(MO)的性能.结果表明, GO能够和Ag₃PO₄实现均匀复合.复合GO提高了催化剂的比表面积,改善了催化剂的吸附性能.复合16% GO使Ag₃PO₄光催化活性提高最显著, 120 min内对MO的降解率达到83%,是纯Ag₃PO₄光催化活性的7.5倍. GO能提高催化剂的比表面积,促进光生电子-空穴(e^-/h⁺)的分离,产生更多活性自由基,从而提高Ag₃PO₄光催化的活性和稳定性.     

磁性AgBr/Ag3PO4/ZnFe2O4复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能

水热法结合原位沉淀法成功制备新型磁性溴化银/磷酸银/铁酸锌(AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄)复合催化剂,并通过X射线衍射、能量色散X射线、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对其晶相结构、组成、形貌及吸光性能进行了表征。在可见光照射下,所制备的AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄复合催化剂光催化降解罗丹明B (RhB)的活性优于Ag3PO4/ZnFe₂O₄、AgBr/ZnFe₂O₄和P25 TiO₂。在酸性和碱性溶液中,AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄光催化剂呈现出优良光催化性能。在AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄体系中,光催化降解RhB的速率随着反应体系温度的升高而增大,由阿伦尼乌斯方程计算获得反应体系活化能为31.9 kJ·mol^-1。AgBr/Ag₃PO₄/ZnFe₂O₄复合材料优异的可见光催化活性归因于光生电荷的有效分离,所产生的超氧自由基和空穴是RhB降解的主要活性物种。     

Ag/Ag2WO4等离子体共振催化剂可见光催化还原CO2

转化CO₂为有机组分是缓解全球变暖和保障持续能源供给的有效方法之一.采用简易的离子交换结合水合肼还原法制备了一系列不同晶相Ag₂WO₄载银(Ag/Ag₂WO₄)的等离子共振光催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线光谱(SEM-EDS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱和比表面积测试对催化剂进行了表征.较之Ag₂WO₄, Ag/Ag₂WO₄在可见光催化还原CO₂生成CH₄时显示了明显提高的量子产率(QY)、能量投入产出比(EROEI)、转换数(TON),就Ag/α-Ag₂WO₄, Ag/β-Ag₂WO₄和Ag/γ-Ag₂WO₄而言,最佳催化剂为Ag/β-Ag₂WO₄,其实际最佳Ag:Ag₂WO₄摩尔比为4:96,该催化剂还原CO₂为CH₄的QY、EROEI、TON和拟一级反应速率常数分别为0.145%、0.067%、9.61和1.96×10^-6 min^-1.此外,制备的等离子共振Ag/Ag₂WO₄光催化剂在可见光辐照下进行循环反应仍能保持稳定性.局域表面等离子共振效应是强化Ag/Ag₂WO₄光催化剂活性和稳定性的主要原因.     

钨酸铋量子点和纳米片修饰石墨相氮化碳复合催化剂的制备及其可见光催化活性增强

利用超声-水热法、使用油酸钠辅助合成钨酸铋(Bi₂WO₆)量子点/纳米片修饰的石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)(Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄)复合光催化剂。 通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、N₂吸附-脱附等技术手段获得Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄催化剂的组成、结构和光吸收性能,分析合成机理。 以罗丹明B(RhB)水溶液为模拟污染物,考察Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合催化剂的可见光催化活性。 结果表明:g-C₃N₄和Bi₂WO₆的质量比为3:7的Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄-30具有最有效的异质界面,电化学阻抗和光电流测试结果显示该催化剂的光生载流子传输速率快、复合率低,可见光照射120 min对RhB的降解率达到95.8%;通过活性物质捕捉实验获知光生空穴是光催化反应中的主要活性物质,分析异质界面对光催化活性的影响,进而提出光催化反应机理。     

钒酸银/氧化石墨烯复合物的制备和可见光催化性能

通过改进Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),采用液相沉淀法合成了Ag₃VO₄/GO复合物,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱等技术手段对样品进行了测试表征;并在可见光辐射下(λ≥420 nm)考察了复合物催化剂中GO含量对Ag₃VO₄光催化降解甲基橙溶液(MO)的性能影响。 结果表明,掺杂质量分数2%的GO复合物光催化活性提高最显著,30 min内对MO的降解率可达到89%以上,是纯Ag₃VO₄光催化活性的3倍。     

Z型光催化剂Sb2WO6/g-C3N4的制备及光催化性能

通过水热反应合成了Sb₂WO₆改性的g-C₃N₄复合材料(Sb₂WO₆ /g-C₃N₄). 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 紫外-可见漫散射反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和光致发光光谱(PL)等表征了样品的性质. 结果表明, Sb₂WO₆在g-C₃N₄的表面上生长, 并且复合材料光吸收能力有一定的增强, 光生电子-空穴的重组率降低. 通过罗丹明B(RhB)的光降解评价了Sb₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合材料的光催化性能. 结果表明, 模拟日光下Sb₂WO₆质量分数为10%的Sb₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合材料在60 min内对RhB的降解率为99.3%, 高于纯g-C₃N₄和Sb₂WO₆. Sb₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合材料的这种高度增强的光催化活性主要归因于强的界面相互作用促进了光生电子-空穴分离和迁移. 添加自由基清除剂的实验结果表明, ·O^2-和h⁺是光催化反应中的主要活性物质. Sb₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合材料在几个反应周期内表现出优异的稳定性. 根据实验结果提出了一种可能的Z型光催化机理.     

负载型AgBr/CaWO4催化剂的制备及其可见光催化活性

采用化学取代的方式将AgBr负载到Ca WO₄载体上形成新型的AgBr/Ca WO₄复合结构光催化剂.利用XRD、SEM和UV-Vis对AgBr/Ca WO₄催化剂进行了表征.在可见光条件下(500 W、λ>420 nm)研究了AgBr的负载量、催化剂用量对甲基橙(MO)溶液的催化降解性能.结果表明,AgBr/Ca WO₄在可见光下表现出良好的催化活性,甲基橙溶液的降解遵从假一级动力学方程.AgBr的负载量和催化剂用量分别增加时,AgBr/Ca WO₄催化剂对甲基橙的催化活性增强,均趋向于最大值.     

AgBr/TiO2复合催化剂:双注法制备及其可见光催化性能

以TiO₂为载体,采用双注法合成了AgBr/TiO₂复合光催化剂.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对AgBr/TiO₂的结构、光吸收、形貌进行了表征.研究了AgBr/TiO₂在可见光下对甲基橙和丁基罗丹明B的光催化活性.结果表明,与TiO₂相比,AgBr/TiO₂的光吸收范围拓展到400—600nm波段,并且随着AgBr负载量的增加,AgBr/TiO₂的可见光吸收强度增强;当AgBr与TiO₂的摩尔比为0.25时,AgBr/TiO₂具有最大催化活性;在相同条件下,AgBr/TiO₂对丁基罗丹明B的降解效果优于甲基橙.     

β-Bi2O3修饰Bi2WO6光催化降解苯酚及其可能机理

采用简单混合法制备了一系列Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆复合光催化剂. 在紫外光降解水中苯酚的过程中, Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆的光催化活性随Bi₂O₃含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势. 当Bi₂O₃最佳负载量等于12.5% (质量分数, w)时, 该复合光催化剂的活性大约是单一Bi₂WO₆的4 倍. 固体样品表征表明, Bi₂O₃主要以β-Bi₂O₃存在, 复合光催化剂是Bi₂O₃和Bi₂WO₆的简单混合物. 此外, 在电催化氧化水的过程中, β-Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆薄膜电极的光电流远大于β-Bi₂O₃和Bi₂WO₆薄膜电极的光电流之和. Bi₂O₃对Bi₂WO₆光催化的促进作用是由于前者接受后者的光生空穴, 提高Bi₂WO₆光生载流子的分离效率, 从而加快了O₂的还原和苯酚的降解.     

水热合成Bi2WO6/SC光催化剂及其光催化脱硝性能研究

以活性半焦(SC)为载体,采用水热法合成新型可见光催化剂Bi₂WO₆ /SC, 利用SEM、BET、XRD、FT-IR和紫外可见漫反射(UV-vis)光谱等系列手段对所制备的样品进行了表征,并以可见光(λ＞ 400 nm)为光源,模拟烟气中的NO为氧化脱除对象,进行光催化活性测试。 结果表明,通过水热法合成的Bi₂WO₆具有微米花形状,且光响应波长已扩展到400 nm以上的可见光区, Bi₂WO₆/SC光催化脱硝剂性能最好,反应4 h后脱硝率仍高于70%。     

Magnetic retrievable Ag/AgBr/ZnFe2O4 photocatalyst for efficient removal of organic pollutant under visible light

In the present work, a visible-light-driven Ag/AgBr/ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalyst has been successfully synthesized via a deposition–precipitation and photoreduction method. The crystal structure, chemical composition, morphology and optical properties of the as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The photocatalytic activities of the Ag/AgBr/ZnFe₂O₄ nanocomposites were evaluated through the photodegradation of gaseous toluene and methyl orange (MO) under visible light. The results revealed that the as-prepared Ag/AgBr/ZnFe₂O₄ nanocomposite exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity. The degrading efficiency of MO could still reach 90% after four cycles, and the Ag/AgBr/ZnFe₂O₄ nanocomposite could be recycled easily by a magnet. Additionally, the enhanced photocatalytic mechanism was discussed according to the trapping experiments, which indicated that the photo-generated holes (h⁺) and •O₂⁻ played important roles in photodegradation process. At last, a possible photocatalytic oxidation pathways of toluene was proposed based on the results of GC–MS. The Ag/AgBr/ZnFe₂O₄ composites showed potential application for efficient removal of organic pollutant.     

异质结型AgI/AgBr/TiO2催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

首先以沉积-沉淀法制备AgBr/TiO₂复合催化剂,然后采用离子交换法制备出新型的异质结型AgI/AgBr/TiO₂光催化剂.利用XRD和UV-Vis对AgI/AgBr/TiO₂光催化剂进行了表征.以甲基橙为染料模型,在可见光条件下(500 W、λ>420 nm)研究了AgI的含量对AgI/AgBr/TiO₂催化活性的影响.结果表明,AgI拓展了催化剂的吸收光谱范围;AgI生成量为AgBr的5%时,AgI/AgBr/TiO₂的催化活性最高.AgI/AgBr异质结的形成有利于光生电子和空穴的分离,提高AgI/AgBr/TiO₂的催化活性.     

Ag/AgBr/graphene oxide nanocomposite synthesized via oil/water and water/oil microemulsions: a comparison of sunlight energized plasmonic photocatalytic activity

In this article, we report that Ag/AgBr nanostructures and the corresponding graphene oxide (GO) hybridized nanocomposite, Ag/AgBr/GO, could be facilely synthesized by means of a surfactant-assisted assembly protocol, where an oil/water microemulsion is used as the synthesis medium. We show that thus-produced nanomaterials could be used as highly efficient and stable plasmonic photocatalysts for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) pollutant under sunlight irradiation. Compared with the bare Ag/AgBr nanospecies, Ag/AgBr/GO displays distinctly enhanced photocatalytic activity. More importantly, the as-prepared nanostructures exhibit higher photocatalytic activity than that of the corresponding Ag/AgBr-based nanomaterials synthesized viaa water/oil microemulsion and than that of the corresponding Ag/AgCl-based nanospecies synthesized by an oil/water microemulsion. An explanation has been proposed for these interesting findings. Our results suggest that thus-manufactured Ag/AgBr/GO plasmonic photocatalysts are promising alternatives to the traditional UV light or visible-light driven photocatalysts.     

溴化银/二氧化钛复合材料的可见光催化性能

将硝酸银的乙醇溶液与溶胶凝胶TiO2混合得到前驱体,随后经共沉淀-煅烧制备得到AgBr/TiO2复合材料;采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪分析了复合材料的形貌、晶体结构、Ag元素的价态,采用紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪测定了其光吸收性能;进而以甲基橙(MO)的可见光降解为探针反应测定了AgBr/TiO2复合材料的可见光催化性能.结果表明,当前驱体在不同温度下煅烧后,无定形TiO2颗粒逐渐增大,并逐渐转变为锐钛矿结构;担载的AgBr可明显拓展TiO2的可见光吸收范围;Ag物种主要以Ag+形式存在.当煅烧温度为300℃时,复合材料的光催化活性最高,MO的降解率在60min内达到90%以上;随着煅烧温度的增加,催化活性逐渐降低.     

Y2O3/Ag3VO4复合可见光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以Na3VO4.12H2O,AgNO3和Y(NO3)3.6H2O为原料,采用浸渍法制备了Y2O3/Ag3VO4复合可见光催化剂,并用XRD,SEM,XPS,UV-Vis等测试手段表征了试样的结构和性能。结果显示,Y2 O3/Ag3VO4复合可见光催化剂为单斜结构,Y以Y2 O3的形式分散在Ag3VO4晶体的表面。UV-Vis测试结果表明,Y2O3/Ag3VO4较纯Ag3VO4吸收带边发生了红移,在可见光区的吸收增强;以金属卤灯(波长大于400 nm)为光源,研究了Y2O3/Ag3VO4催化剂对甲基橙(MO)的可见光催化降解性能。结果发现,Y2O3/Ag3VO4复合可见光催化剂的光催化活性较纯Ag3VO4均有大幅提高,其中Y掺杂量为4%时活性最高。     

Z-机制磷酸银/钨酸铋复合物的构建及其可见光催化降解有机污染物(英文)

环境危害不仅对人类健康构成巨大威胁,而且也阻碍了经济社会的快速发展.光催化剂通过利用太阳能来降解污染物为环境问题提供一条理想的途径.光催化剂的制备应该考虑以下几点:(1)对可见光响应;(2)高量子效率和稳定性;(3)安全、廉价、无毒的原材料.早期的一些催化剂如二氧化钛、氧化锌、硫化锌、锗酸锌和磷酸铋等在紫外线照射下表现出优秀的光催化活性.但是紫外光是稀有的,而且对人体健康有害.近年来,对宽带隙半导体的改性如掺杂、贵金属沉积、构建异质结或固溶体催化剂取得了有效进展.遗憾的是,受限于材料的固有属性,有限的改进仍然不能满足实际应用的需求.因此,探索高效稳定的可见光驱动的光催化剂依然是十分有意义的.磷酸银在可见光下表现出超强的光催化降解有机污染物和产氧的能力,但是磷酸银容易受到光腐蚀,光催化活性和稳定性很难维持.另外,磷酸银导带上的电子电势较正,这将导致其很难在光催化过程中被利用.而磷酸银导带上电子的积累会抑制其内部电子空穴对的分离,从而对磷酸银的光催化活性和稳定性造成不利影响.本文选择钨酸铋纳米片与磷酸银复合去抑制电子空穴对的复合和进一步提高磷酸银的活性和稳定性.样品的粉末X射线衍射、能谱和X光电子能谱的分析证实了磷酸银/钨酸铋复合物已经被成功合成.稳态荧光光谱证实了磷酸银/钨酸铋复合物的构建可以作为一种有效抑制电子和空穴对复合的手段.通过对样品进行光催化降解次甲基蓝的实验,我们发现磷酸银/钨酸铋复合材料展现出比磷酸银和钨酸铋更强的光催化活性.其中,磷酸银/钨酸铋光催化降解次甲基蓝的速率为0.61385 min~(-1),这是磷酸银(0.47179 min~(-1))和钨酸铋(0.10270 min~(-1))活性的1.3和6.0倍.同时,磷酸银/钨酸铋表现出耐久的稳定性,在连续五次光降解过程中几乎没有明显的活性损失.进一步通过对磷酸银/钨酸铋复合材料进行光催化活性成分的捕获实验,我们发现空穴、超氧负离子自由基和羟基自由基都发挥了一定的作用.最后,我们讨论了光催化机制,Z-机制光催化机制被认为是合理的.     

Synthesis of cubic Ag@AgCl and Ag@AgBr plasmonic photocatalysts and comparison of their photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange and 2,4-dichlorophenol

Uniform cubic Ag@AgCl and Ag@AgBr plasmonic photocatalysts with side length of 0.7 µm were synthesized by a facile green route, in which a controllable double-jet precipitation technique was employed to fabricate homogeneous cubic AgCl and AgBr grains while a photoreduction process was used to produce Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of AgCl and AgBr grains. The synthesized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The photocatalytic activities of Ag@AgCl and Ag@AgBr were compared using degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) under visible-light irradiation. Ag@AgBr showed higher photocatalytic activity for MO degradation but weaker activity for 2,4-DCP decomposition. Possible degradation mechanisms are proposed to interpret these contrary paradoxical experimental results.     

Polyhedral AgBr microcrystals with an increased percentage of exposed {111} facets as a highly efficient visible-light photocatalyst

Synthesis of inorganic single crystals with exposed high-reactivity facets is a desirable target in the catalytic chemistry field. Polyhedral AgBr microcrystals with an increased percentage of exposed high-reactivity {111} facets have been successfully prepared for the first time, and the photocatalytic performance of these microcrystals when used as an AgBr/Ag plasmonic photocatalyst was investigated. The results indicate that the as-prepared sample has high photocatalytic activity and, under the same measurement conditions, the photodegradation rate of methyl orange dye over these microcrystals is at least four times faster than with other shapes of AgBr/Ag microstructure, as well as 20?times faster than with the highly efficient Ag(3)PO(4) photocatalyst. DFT calculations suggest that the AgBr (111) surface is mainly composed of unsaturated Ag atoms and has a relatively high surface energy, both of which are favorable for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the AgBr/Ag polyhedron photocatalyst. This work not only provides a highly efficient plasmonic photocatalyst of polyhedral AgBr/Ag microcrystals with an increased percentage of exposed high-reactivity AgBr {111} facets, but also demonstrates that the shape and crystalline quality of the exposed facets have an important influence on the photocatalytic activities.