含脲苯并咪唑类离子液体的合成及阴离子识别性能

设计并合成了含脲苯并咪唑离子液体受体分子1~3, 利用紫外-可见光谱、 荧光光谱和 ¹H NMR滴定研究了其对F^-, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, CH₃COO^-, HSO₄^-, H₂PO₄^-等阴离子的识别性能. 紫外-可见光谱研究发现, 受体分子1~3可选择性地识别F^-, 并形成1: 1型主客体配合物; 荧光光谱研究发现, 受体分子1~3对碱性阴离子有较好的识别作用, 主客体结合常数的顺序为H₂PO₄^->CH₃COO^-≈ F^->HSO₄^- ≈ Cl^->Br^- ≈ I^-; ¹H NMR滴定研究发现, 该类受体分子以咪唑2位CH和脲基NH与阴离子通过氢键结合, 但高浓度的F^-会导致受体分子发生脱质子作用.     

[Ru(phen)2(H2biim)](PF6)2配合物与阴离子的选择性作用

研究了[Ru(phen)₂(H₂biim)](PF₆)₂(1)与各种阴离子之间的选择性作用, 发现配合物1与Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, NO₃^-, HSO₄^-和H₂PO₄^-阴离子之间存在氢键作用. OAc^-阴离子与配合物1作用, 由于强的氢键作用使H₂biim上的一个H转移到OAc^-上, 使配合物1脱去一个质子, 形成{[Ru(phen)₂(H₂biim)](OAc)}结合体, 溶液颜色由黄色变为橙棕色. 由于F^-能形成非常稳定的HF₂^-, 配合物1逐步脱去2个质子, 溶液颜色由黄色变为紫色, 因此可作为裸眼检测阴离子的识别剂.     

一种长链烷氧基苯腙衍生物对氟离子的高选择性识别

设计并合成了一种新型长链烷氧基酰腙衍生物1-(2,4-二硝基苯基)-2-(4-(十四烷氧基)亚苄基)肼R,系统研究了受体R对9种阴离子(F^-、Cl^-、Br^-、I^-、HSO^-₄、NO^-₃、ClO^-₄、H₂PO^-₄、Ac^-)的紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)及裸眼识别性能。 结果表明,该受体在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)体系中对F^-、Ac^-和H₂PO^-₄表现出良好的UV-Vis及裸眼识别能力。 此外,在H₂O/DMSO(体积比1∶9)体系中可对F^-实现单一UV-Vis及裸眼识别,且检出限可达7.02×10^-7 mol/L,同时制备了受体R对阴离子的检测试纸,Job曲线表明受体与阴离子形成1∶1型配合物。 F^-离子的识别机理为“氢键型”响应识别现象。     

1,10-邻菲啰啉并咪唑衍生物阴离子受体的合成及识别性能

设计合成了2个1,10-邻菲啰啉并咪唑衍生物阴离子受体2-(2-羟基苯基)-1H-咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲啰啉(1)和2-(2-羟基-5-溴苯基)-1H-咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲啰啉(2), 受体2的结构由X射线单晶衍射分析确证. 通过紫外-可见光谱滴定及 ¹H NMR滴定研究了这2个受体对F^-, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, H₂PO₄^-和AcO^- 6种阴离子的识别传感作用及作用机理. 结果表明, 受体对AcO^-, F^-和H₂PO₄^-有较强的传感作用, 溶液颜色由淡黄色变为黄色; 对Cl^-的作用较弱; 而对Br^-和I^-则无明显作用. 通过机理研究发现, 受体与F^-, H₂PO₄^-和AcO^-形成1: 1的氢键超分子, 当阴离子的量超过受体的1倍以后, 咪唑氮上的氢转移到阴离子; 受体与Cl^-以氢键形成超分子复合物, 而与Br^-和I^-作用很弱.     

2-羟基-1-萘醛缩2-氨基-4-硝基苯酚亚胺的合成及其阴离子识别性能

以2-羟基-1-萘醛和2-氨基-4-硝基苯酚为原料,通过缩合反应合成了阴离子识别受体2-羟基-1-萘醛缩2-氨基-4-硝基苯酚亚胺（R）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和IR表征。采用UV-Vis和¹H NMR等研究了受体R对阴离子的识别性能。结果表明：受体R在乙腈中对F^-、 H₂PO₄^-和AcO^-表现出良好的UV0Vis识别能力,且对上述阴离子表现出裸眼识别性能。通过核磁滴定、紫外滴定、络合常数及Job曲线等对受体R的识别机理进行了研究。结果表明：受体R与阴离子通过分子间氢键结合形成主客体配合物,对F^-具有更好的结合能力（络合常数为2.503 × 10⁴ L/mol）,与阴离子以比例1/1相互结合。     

基于蒽-苯并咪唑鎓的荧光传感器对H2PO4-的高选择性识别

设计合成了基于蒽-苯并咪唑鎓的受体分子1和2,通过荧光发射光谱研究了受体分子1和2对F^-、Cl^-、Br^-、I^-、AcO^-、HSO₄^-、H₂PO₄^-、NO₃^-、ClO₄^-等阴离子的识别性能。 研究发现,在受体分子1和2的乙腈溶液(5.0×10^-6 mol/L)中加入10倍化学计量的H₂PO₄^-时,受体分子1的荧光猝灭百分数为13%,受体分子2的荧光猝灭百分数高达94%,表明受体分子2在构型上与H₂PO₄^-更匹配,可作为H₂PO₄^-的荧光关闭型(turn-off)探针。 受体分子2与H₂PO₄^-的结合比为1:1,结合常数为(3.70±0.16)×10⁴ L/mol,检出限为3.77×10^-6 mol/L。     

以黄酮冠醚金属配合物为基体的阴离子化学敏感器

合成了两种以新型黄酮类冠醚化合物(L)为配体的金属配合物[Ca(L)]²⁺(1)或[Mg(L)]²⁺(2).对其在乙腈溶液中与阴离子间的相互作用进行了研究.当这种化学敏感器和HSO₄^-或H₂PO₄^-阴离子相互作用时,可观察到强烈的颜色变化.UV光谱滴定实验表明,配合物1(或2)和HSO₄^-间形成了1:1的稳定配合物.配合物1(或2)对于HSO₄^-或H₂PO₄^-阴离子也可用荧光光谱法进行选择性检测,较UV方法有更高的灵敏度.还提出了配合物1(或2)与阴离子间通过两点结合方式,构成新的配合物可能结构的建议.通过色调变化和荧光测定的方法进行研究,结果表明,带有染料分子的金属配合物可用作为有效识别和检测阴离子的敏感器件.     

两种新型F-荧光化学传感器的合成及其性质研究

本文设计合成了N⁶-对甲苯磺酰胺腺嘌呤(I)和邻苯二对甲苯磺酰胺(Ⅱ)两种主体化合物.通过对其与阴离子物种之间相互作用的研究发现,它们在乙腈溶液中和Cl^-、Br^-、NO₃^-、NO₂^-、HSO₄^-、Ac^-、F^-几种阴离子相互作用时,仅对F^-具有专一的选择性识别作用.F^-离子可使I和Ⅱ主体的荧光吸收猝灭并发生红移.通过试验证明,F^-离子和I、Ⅱ主体的识别作用机理是因形成了激基缔合物.     

一类以光度法进行检测的新型阴离子敏感化合物

对6种带羟基的分子内电荷转移化合物(其中化合物1,4,5,6含氰基基团)及与不同阴离子间的相互作用及其分子识别进行了研究.发现化合物2,3,5,6均对F^-离子有优良的检测能力,并对H₂PO₄^-有一定的响应能力,其中化合物2对AcO^-离子也有一定的响应.对实验结果进行了初步讨论,并对提高敏感化合物的灵敏度和选择性提出了看法.     

亚胺型比色探针的制备及阴离子识别性能研究

合成了两种亚胺型阴离子识别受体:2-[(2-羟基-5-硝基亚苄基)氨基]-4-硝基苯酚(R1)和2-[(蒽-9-亚甲基)氨基]-4-硝基苯酚(R2),其结构经核磁氢谱和红外表征。在紫外光谱实验中,受体R1和R2分别在乙腈和DM SO溶液中可以高选择性识别F^-,AcO^-和H₂PO₄^-,同时观察到明显的颜色改变。实验结果表明,受体R1和R2分别与阴离子形成的络合常数均在1.703×10⁴L/mol之上,并且分别与F-形成1∶1型氢键络合物。通过¹H NMR滴定实验及理论计算阐述了阴离子识别过程机理的可行性。     

基于2,4-二硝基苯腙的比色法阴离子探针

本文设计合成了4个双臂2，4-二硝基苯腙衍生物作为F^-和H₂PO₄^-阴离子的比色法检测用探针主体，并得到其中一个主体的单晶结构。4种受体可以通过溶液颜色的变化选择性识别F^-和H₂PO₄^-。UV-Vis和 ¹H NMR光谱研究表明受体与F^-和H₂PO_{4相似文献}   

Fluorescence sensing of anions based on inhibition of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer

Condensation of 2-(2'-aminophenyl)benzoxazole with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and phenyl isocyanate yields two new anion sensors (TABO and PUBO), which can undergo excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) upon excitation. For the acid receptor TABO, the ESIPT process can be readily disturbed by basic anions such as F-, CH3COO-, and H2PO4- by deprotonating the sulfonamide unit, whereas in the case of PUBO, a good hydrogen-bonding donor, the ESIPT process is inhibited either by the fluoride-induced deprotonation of the urea unit or by the formation of a strong CH3COO--urea intermolecular hydrogen bond complex, and these two types of inhibition mechanisms consequently result in different ratiometric responses. But other anions with less hydrogen-bonding acceptor abilities cannot inhibit the ESIPT. Interestingly, the different inhibition abilities of F-, CH3COO-, and H2PO4- produce different spectral behaviors in PUBO, so this new sensor successfully distinguishes the subtle difference in these three anionic substrates of similar basicity and surface charge density.     

A New Maleamide Bridged Carbazole Chromogenic-sensor Based on Proton Transfer Signaling Mode

A Maleamide bridged carbazole receptor was designed and synthesized, the interactions between the receptor and anions, such as Ac-, H2PO4-, OH-, F-, Cl-, Br- and I- in DMSO were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and 1H NMR titration. The results of UV-Vis spectral studies indicate that interactions existed between receptor and anions, which induced remarkable color changes. The 1H NMR titration indicated amide moiety of the receptor was deprontonated first when a small quantity of anions such as Ac-, H2PO4-, F- were added; however, the carbazole N―H was gradually deprontonated upon the addition of anions.     

间苯二甲酰腙分子钳的合成及阴离子识别研究

设计合成了3种新型间苯二甲酰腙类化合物,利用UV-Vis及¹H NMR考察了其与F^-、Cl^-、Br^-、I^-、CH₃COO^-、HSO₄^-、H₂PO4-、ClO4-阴离子的相互作用。结果表明,主体分子4a(双对硝基苯并呋喃甲醛间苯二甲酰腙)在DMSO溶液中对F-和CH₃COO-有显著识别效果,溶液颜色由黄色变为深黄色和棕红色。通过¹H NMR滴定及质子溶剂效应进一步证明,主体分子与阴离子之间是以氢键作用方式相结合。Job曲线表明,主客体间形成1：1型氢键络合物。基于实验结果,探讨了主客体间形状和大小匹配对识别能力的影响以及主客体之间的识别模式。     

对苯二甲醛缩二氨基硫脲-钆配合物的合成及阴离子识别研究

合成了化合物(2E,2′E)-2,2′-(1,4-苯基双亚甲基双硫代氨基脲)(C10H12N6S2)(L),利用L与钆离子形成了配合物(GdL)。用UV-Vis吸收光谱考察其与F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、Ac-、NO3-、HSO4-和H2PO4-等阴离子的识别。研究表明,加入F-或H2PO4-时,溶液颜色由无色变为黄色,加入其它阴离子没有变化,从而实现受体对这两种阴离子的检测。Job法表明主客体间形成1∶1配合物。受体对两种离子的识别作用主要源于配合物多余的结合位点。在此基础上,以GdL的DMSO溶液作为起始状态,以F-和H2PO4-为两化学输入,构建了一个"或"(OR)分子逻辑门。     

Synthesis and photophysical evaluation of charge neutral thiourea or urea based fluorescent PET sensors for bis-carboxylates and pyrophosphate

The synthesis of the fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) chemosensors 1-3 for bis-anions such as bis-carboxylates and pyrophosphate in organic solvents is described herein. These sensors are based on the receptor-spacer-fluorophore-spacer-receptor motif where the receptors are charge neutral aromatic thiourea or urea receptors and the fluorophore is anthracene. The anion recognition was evaluated using 1H NMR as well as absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in DMSO. For simple anions such as acetate or fluoride, the recognition was shown to be through hydrogen bonding of the corresponding anion to the receptors. This gave rise to only minor changes in the absorption spectra, but significant changes in the fluorescence emission spectra, which was substantially (70-95%) quenched. Analysis of these recognition events implied a 1 : 2 (sensor : anion) binding and ideal PET behaviour for ions such as AcO- and H2PO4-. For F-, the luminescent quenching indicated a 1 : 1 binding, but we deduced that this was due more to complete quenching of the excited state after the addition of one equivalent of the anion. For all of the anions, the quenching contributed to enhanced efficiency of PET from the receptors to the excited state of the fluorophore. In the case of the bis-anions (ambient), such as di-carboxylates, similar fluorescence quenching was observed. However, here either a 1 : 1 or a 1 : 2 binding was observed depending on the length of the spacer separating the two carboxylate moieties and the nature of the receptor. Whereas both pyrophosphate and malonate gave rise to a 1 : 1 binding, glutarate gave rise to approximately 1 : 2 binding for the thiourea sensors 1 and 2. However, for the urea based sensor 3, the binding was found to be 1 : 1 for all the bis-anions. For such a 1 : 1 binding we propose that the anion most likely bridges the fluorophore moiety. This was also evident from the 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) spectrum where the anthracene resonances were significantly affected. By simply modifying the electronic structure of the receptor, the sensitivity of the recognition process could also be modified; e.g. compound 1, bearing the trifluoromethyl substituent, showed stronger binding to the bis-anions than 2, which possessed a simple phenyl moiety.     

β-三氰基乙烯取代杯[4]吡咯与阴离子相互作用的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP方法对β-三氰基乙烯取代杯[4]吡咯主体分子及其与阴离子(F-、Cl-、CH3COO-、H2PO4-)形成的复合物进行研究。结果表明,β-三氰基乙烯取代杯[4]吡咯可与阴离子以分子间氢键相互作用形成复合物,并且其与阴离子结合能力大小的顺序为F-> CH3COO-> H2PO4-> Cl-,与实验结果基本一致;通过与杯[4]吡咯对比可见,强吸电子取代基的引入增强了主体分子对阴离子的结合能力。本文还从几何构型、振动光谱、NBO分析及前线轨道等方面来阐述β-三氰基乙烯取代杯[4]吡咯与不同阴离子氢键相互作用的本质以及吸电子取代基的引入对杯[4]吡咯与F-和Cl-之间主-客体相互作用的影响。     

New chromogenic and fluorescent probes for anion detection: formation of a [2 + 2] supramolecular complex on addition of fluoride with positive homotropic cooperativity

Two new chromogenic and fluorescent probes for anions have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. These probes contain multiple hydrogen bonding donors including hydrazine, hydrazone, and hydroxyl functional groups for potential anion interacting sites. Despite the possible flexible structural framework due to the presence of sp3 carbon linkage, X-ray structure analysis of probe 2 displayed an essentially planar conformation in the solid state owing to strong crystal packing interactions comprising a combination of favorable pi-pi stacking effect and hydrogen bonding to cocrystallized CH3OH molecules. Both probes 1 and 2 display orange color in DMSO solution and show fairly weak fluorescence at room temperature. Binding studies revealed that both probes 1 and 2 show noticeable colorimetric and fluorescent responses only to F-, OAc-, and H2PO4- among the nine anions tested (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, OAc-, H2PO4-, HSO4-, ClO4-, and NO3-). The general trend of the sensitivity to anions follows the order of F- > OAc- > H2PO4- > Cl- > Br- approximately I- approximately HSO4- approximately ClO4- approximately NO3-. A 1:2 (probe to anion) binding stoichiometry was found for probe 1 with OAc- and H2PO4- and probe 2 with F-, OAc-, and H2PO4-. The binding isotherm of probe 1 to F- was found to be complicated with apparent multiple equilibria occurring in solution. The formation of an aggregated supramolecular complex upon addition of fluoride is proposed to rationalize the observed optical responses and is supported by ESI mass spectrometry and pulsed-field gradient NMR spectroscopy. Data analysis suggests that the binding of probe 1 to F- shows positive homotropic cooperativity.