Effect of ZnO on sintering and microwave dielectric properties of 0.5CaTiO3-0.5 (Li0.5La0.5) TiO3 ceramics

The novel calcium titanate-lithium lanthanum titanate doped with zinc oxide (0.10, 0.30, and 0.50 mol. %) ceramic samples were prepared by solid-state reaction route. The phase formation, microstructure, densification, and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. It was found that the doping with zinc oxide led to a decrease in sintering temperature by 25 ^oC as compared with pure calcium titanate lithium lanthanum titanate due to the liquid phase effect. Also, the calcium titanate lithium lanthanum titanate (10ZCTLLT&30ZCTLLT)) doped with lower zinc oxide (0.10 and 0.30 mol. %) led to higher densification parameter. This was followed by increasing the zinc oxide doping up to (0.50 mol. %) which resulted in a decrease in densification and microwave dielectric properties which may be attributed to increase in porosity and grain growth upon the evaporation of zinc and oxygen vacancy. This led to the increase in dielectric loss (≈10 × 10^?4) value with 50ZCTLLT. Hence, the best result of microwave dielectric characteristics was obtained for 0.5CaTiO₃–0.5(Li_0.5La_0.5)TiO₃ with (0.10 and 0.30 mol. % ZnO) 10ZCTLLT and 30ZCTLLT ceramic samples sintered at 1175 ^oC/2h, with low dielectric constant (ε_r) = 4.4–10.5, very low dielectric loss = 1.07-2.23 × 10^?4 and high quality factor (Q x ?) ≈59-55 × 10⁴ at 8 GHz. Consequently, they can be used not only in wireless satellite communications technology but also can be used in the fifth-generation telecommunication 5G technology construction.     

La0.5Ba0.5CoO3中Y的替代效应

用固相反应法制备了La0.5Ba0.5CoO3多晶材料，系统研究了Y的替代对材料磁性和输运特性的影响，结果发现，Y的掺入主要产生了两种效应，一是Y向Co的3d轨道产生了电荷转移，使分子磁矩下降，二是出现了Co离子的反铁磁交换作用，当Y含量少于或等于0.3时，材料中出现了自旋的非共线结构。当Y含量大于0.3时，材料从铁磁态为主转变为反铁磁态为主，对不同Y含量的材料，其导电机制都属于极化子的变程跳跃导电，随Y含量增加，材料电经迅速增大。     

Magnetic behaviour of the orthochromite La0.5Gd0.5CrO3

Magnetic behaviour of the perovskite La_0.5Gd_0.5CrO₃ has been studied. The orthochromite orders canted antiferromagnetically below Neel temperature T_N of ～225 K. Reversal of magnetization is observed in temperature dependence of magnetization measured in field cooled mode under external fields upto 500 Oe. In the field dependence of magnetization below T_N, a small hysteresis is observed with the magnetic anisotropy continuously increasing with lowering of temperature. Estimated values of Cr³⁺ moments, internal field due to sub-lattice of canted ordered Cr³⁺ and the paramagnetic Curie temperature of Gd³⁺ sub-lattice are found to be smaller than reported for GdCrO₃. Compared with Pr substituted analogue La_0.5Pr_0.5CrO₃, Cr³⁺ moment is about the same but the internal field at the Gd³⁺ sub-lattice is much smaller.     

La0.5-xNdxBa0.5CoO3化合物的磁性和输运特性

在La0.5-xNdxBa0.5CoO3化合物中用Nd对La进行了替代研究，结果表明，Nd的掺入未改变Co3d电子的巡游性。随Nd含量增大，材料的分子磁矩单调下降，当Nd含量大于或等于0.45时，材料中出现了磁性相分离，当x≤0.45时，随Ｎd含量增加，材料的居里温度单调下降，这是由于稀土离子的尺寸效应。电阻测量表明，在所研究的温度范围内，在居里点以下，材料属热扩散导电，在居里点以上属极化子的变程跳跃导电。     

Magnetoelectric perovskite (Bi0.5Pb0.5)(Fe0.5Zr0.5)O3: Preparation,structural and magnetic properties

The perovskite (Bi_0.5Pb_0.5)(Fe_0.5Zr_0.5)O₃ was synthesized by solid-state reaction in an attempt to find magnetoelectric materials, in which ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism coexist. This complex perovskite has been studied by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction in combination with magnetic measurements. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam with a ～ √2a_p, b ～ 2√2a_p and c ～ 2a_p (with a_p ～ 4.057 Å). The field and temperature dependence of the magnetization combined with neutron diffraction data showed antiferromagnetic behavior with the Neel temperature, T_N ～ 450 K. Rietveld refinements of neutron powder diffraction data collected at different temperatures, between 10 and 700 K, have been carried out in order to extract information about the thermal evolution of the nuclear and magnetic structures. A distorted orthorhombic perovskite structure was found within the whole temperature interval. The Bi/Pb and Fe/Zr ions were found to be partially ordered over the perovskite A-site and disordered over the B-site. The neutron diffraction patterns of the (Bi_0.5Pb_0.5)(Fe_0.5Zr_0.5)O₃ sample showed evidence of a long-range magnetic ordering below T_N with a propagation vector k = (0,0,0) and an antiferromagnetic arrangement of the magnetic moments of the Fe³⁺ cations in the B-site. This is consistent with an A_y-type magnetic structure. The factors governing the structural and magnetic properties of (1 ? x)BiFeO₃–xPbZrO₃ solid solutions are discussed and compared with those of pure BiFeO₃ and PbZrO₃. A solid solution strategy for developing magnetoelectric properties in BiFeO₃-based compounds is described, with the aim of realizing both a spontaneous polarization and magnetization at room temperature.     

Oxygen evolution on La0.5Ba0.5CoO3: Transient measurements

The recovery behavior of an aged La_0.5Ba_0.5CoO₃ electrode after interrupting a cathodic discharge current (forced decay, all starting from a high prepolarized state) at a still positive overpotential of 150 mV is discussed. It was found that the potential rises again after interrupting the cathodic current. This rise in potential decreases with decreasing cathodic currents when the electrodes are stabilized at the same starting overpotential before applying the cathodic current. The rise in potential also decreases with decreasing starting overpotential for the same cathodic discharge current. From these measurements it was concluded that higher oxides are present to a certain depth in the oxide layer at high positive overpotentials.Open-circuit decay measurements with different starting overpotentials were performed, all showing logarithmic slopes of ～ 50 mV/dec. The decay rates increased for lower starying overpotentials. Impedances were measured during a decay, from which effective capacitances were calculated. For a given overpotential, the capacitances during a decay were practically constant in the overpotential range from 220 to 150 mV for a given staring overpontential. But for higher starting overpotentials the capacitances were found to be higher. These effects are explained by a change in effective surface area for different starting overpotentials caused by the above-mentioned higher oxides blocking the surface.     

Nanostructured lead-free ferroelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 whiskers: synthesis mechanism and structure

Nanostructured lead-free ferroelectric Na(0.5)Bi(0.5)TiO(3)-BaTiO(3) (NBTBT) whiskers with a high aspect ratio were synthesized topochemically using Na(2)Ti(6)O(13) (NTO) as a host structure for the first time. High energy X-ray diffraction coupled with an atomic pair distribution function (PDF) and Raman scattering analyses were used to confirm the average structure of the lead-free NBTBT whiskers, which was found to be rhombohedral, i.e. a ferroelectric enabling type. High resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) analysis revealed local monoclinic-type structural distortions, indicating a modulated structure at the nanoscale in the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition of the lead-free NBTBT whiskers. The structural rearrangement during the synthesis of the lead-free NBTBT whiskers was found to occur via translation of the edge shared octahedra of NTO into a corner sharing coordination. High temperature morphological changes that depict the disintegration of the isolated whiskers into their individual grains due to the higher grain boundary energy have been found to occur in close analogy with Rayleigh-type instability.     

高性能Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3阴极的制备与表征

用固相合成法合成了Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (SSC)中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料.以La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3为电解质,利用多种技术考察了不同温度(1173～1373 K)焙烧的SSC阴极,以及1173 K 焙烧、掺杂La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05O3(LSGMC5)或La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.09Co0.11O3 (LSGMC11)高氧离子电导材料的复合SSC阴极.SEM的结果显示,随着电极焙烧温度的增加,电极的颗粒度增大,孔隙度减小；LSGMC5、LSGMC11的掺杂对电极微观结构影响不大.交流阻抗和极化实验的结果表明,SSC电极的活性随电极焙烧温度的增加而减小,电极的最佳焙烧温度在1173 K左右；掺杂了LSGMC5或LSGMC11的复合SSC电极的活性以及稳定性显著高于SSC电极.     

Na0.5La0.5TiO3的水热法合成及其表征

通过控制反应物摩尔比、晶化温度和时间以及体系的碱度等重要因素,用水热法在温和的条件下合成了Na0.5La0.5TiO3;结构分析表明单相的Na0.5La0.5TiO3是具有立方对称性的钙钛矿型化合物,晶胞参数为3.875(。A);初步认为该化合物合成过程为溶解-沉淀机理.     

稀土取代的复合氧化物Eu_（0．5）RE_（0．5）Fe_（0．5）Mn_（0．

利用固相反应合成了稀土取代的复合氧化物Ｅｕ_（０．５）ＲＥ_（０．５）Ｆｅ_（０．５）Ｍｎ_（０．５）Ｏ_３（ＲＥ＝Ｌａ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｇｄ，Ｔｂ，Ｄｙ，Ｈｏ，Ｅｒ，Ｔｍ，Ｙｂ）．测量了这些化合物的ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ谱。在ＸＰＳ研究中发现，稀土取代而使稀土元素本身的结合能相对于其倍半氧化物中的有所降低；在取代的复合氧化物中，随着ＲＥ离子半径的减小，Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ的结合能随之增加。     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Optical Properties of (CH3NH3)2CoX4 (X = Cl,Br, I,Cl0.5Br0.5, Cl0.5I0.5, Br0.5I0.5)

The reaction of methylammonium halides and cobalt halides yielded the organic‐inorganic hybrid compounds of general formula (CH₃NH₃)₂CoX₄. By varying the different halides, we were able to synthesize the whole row from Cl to I as well as some mixed halides compounds and to determinate the crystal structures. (CH₃NH₃)₂CoX₄ (X = Cl, Br, Cl_0.5Br_0.5, Br_0.5I_0.5) crystallize isotypic to (CH₃NH₃)₂HgCl₄ in space group P2₁/c with Z = 4 [X = Cl: a = 7.6483(9), b = 12.6885(18), c = 10.8752(12) Å, β = 96.639(9)°; X = Cl_0.5Br_0.5: a = 7.8271(9), b = 12.9543(9), c = 11.1007(11) Å, β = 96.320(8)°; X = Br: a = 7.9782(2), b = 13.1673(2), c = 11.2602(2) Å, β = 96.3260(10)° and X = Br_0.5I_0.5: a = 8.2435(12), b = 13.645(2), c = 11.5856(18) Å, β = 95.54(2)°]. The mixed halides show a statistic distribution in both cases. In (CH₃NH₃)₂CoCl₂I₂ an ordered variant is realized representing a new structure type [C2/m, Z = 4, a = 18.808(4), b = 7.3604(7), c = 10.4109(17) Å, β = 120.364(13)°]. (CH₃NH₃)₂CoI₄ crystallizes again isotypic to the respective mercury compound [(CH₃NH₃)₂HgCl₄] [Pbca, Z = 8, a = 10.9265(5), b = 12.1552(5), c = 20.9588(9) Å]. All structures are build up by inorganic tetrahedral [CoX₄]^2– anions and organic (CH₃NH₄)⁺ cations. Additionally the Raman spectra as well as the optical reflectance spectra are discussed.     

Phase Regulation Strategy of Perovskite Nanocrystals from 1D Orthomorphic NH4PbI3 to 3D Cubic (NH4)0.5Cs0.5Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3 Phase Enhances Photoluminescence

This work reports this first synthesis of 1D orthomorphic NH₄PbI₃ perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) considering the role of inorganic ammonium ions at the nanoscale. The addition of bromide ions at the halogen site did not improve the photoluminescence properties. Furthermore, the 3D cubic phase of (NH₄)_0.5Cs_0.5Pb(I_0.5Br_0.5)₃ NCs with bright photoluminescence was synthesized by adding Cs ions into the crystal lattice of (NH₄)Pb(I_0.5Br_0.5)₃. Moreover, the photophysical properties of different phase structures were studied using femtosecond transient absorption (FTA) spectroscopy. The ultrafast trap state capture process is a key factor in the change of photoluminescence properties and the cubic phase may be the best structure for photoluminescence. These results suggest that the ammonium ion perovskite (AIP) nanocrystals could be potential materials for optoelectronic applications through A‐site cation substitution.     

共掺杂稀土配合物Tb0.5Eu0.5(asprin)3phen电致发光的研究

合成了共掺杂稀土配合物Tb0.5Eu0.5(asprin)3phen，将其掺杂到导电聚合物PVK中，制成结构为ITO／PVK：RE配合物／PBD／Al的电致发光器件，与PVK：Eu(asprin)3phen体系为发光层的相同结构的器件相比，我们发现铽离子的引入能猝灭PVK的发光，增强铕的发光，而Tb3 本身的发光很弱，几乎看不到，说明Pb3 在其中起到能量的中间传递作用，促进了PVK到Eu^3 的能量传递，本文就器件的发光特性及掺杂体系的能量传递进行了初步讨论。     

钙钛矿型氧化物Ln0.5Sr0.5CoO3的制备与电输运性能

采用固相反应法合成钙钛矿氧化物材料Ln0.5Sr0.5CoO3（h=La，Pr，Nd，Sm，Eu）的超细粉体，研究了不同稀土元素掺杂时的晶体结构和电输运性能，分析了该钙钛矿体系结构的形成过程。实验表明，当烧结温度达到1200℃时，通过固相反应法可以形成稳定的单一的钙钛矿相。样品电导率在700℃附近出现最大值，低温段的导电行为符合小极化子导电机制，La0.5Sr0.5CoO3材料的电导率在中温范围内最大，适合作为中温固体燃料电池的阴极材料。     

3D anchoring structured for LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4@cornstalk-C cathode materials

The organic carbon source coating LiFe_xMn_1-xPO₄ suffers from the problem of non-uniform carbon cladding. Too thick carbon cladding layer instead hinders the de-embedding of lithium ions. In this paper, we choose cornstalk as the carbon source, then LiFe_0.5Mn_0.5PO₄@cornstalk-C (LFMP@C-C) with 3D anchoring structure is prepared by the solvothermal method. The results show that the LFMP with cornstalk as the carbon source has better performance compared to the sucrose-coated LFMP material (LFMP@C). The discharge capacity of LFMP@C-C is 116 mAh/g for the first cycle at 1 C and the capacity retention rate is 94.0% after 500 cycles, and the discharge capacity of LFMP@C-C is more than 17.17% higher than that of LFMP@C.     

Synthesis of Solid Solutions in the (1-x)PbZrO3-xK0.5Bi0.5TiO3 System

DTA, TG, XRD and IR methods were used to study the formation of solid solutions in the selected subsolidus range of the PbZrO₃-K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ system by heating mixtures prepared using oxide substrates, i.e. PbO, Bi₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂ and K₂CO₃. It was found that solid solutions are formed in the reaction of PbO and ZrO₂ with intermediate compound, i.e. K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃. PbZrO₃ was not found to be formed as an intermediate phase. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

化学溶液沉积法在LaAlO3基底上制备La0.5Sr0.5TiO3外延薄膜

在常压下采用经济、适合规模化生产的化学溶液沉积法生长外延的La1-xSrxTiO3薄膜, 为YBa2Cu3O7-σ(YBCO)涂层导体提供导电缓冲层. 前驱溶液经旋转涂覆在单晶LaAlO3(001)基底上, 在纯氩气氛下分别于840, 890, 940和990 ℃恒温60 min制备薄膜. X射线衍射(XRD)分析, 在890～990 ℃的热处理条件下, 均得到纯净的具有良好外延性的La1-xSrxTiO3薄膜. 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和扫描隧道显微镜(STM)观察, 样品表面光滑致密, 膜厚约为180 nm. 通过半定量能谱(EDS)分析, 确定薄膜成分为La0.4Sr0.6TiO3, 表明热处理过程中元素La部分挥发. 在890 ℃热处理温度下制得薄膜的电阻率约为1×10-2 Ω · cm.     

La_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_3纳米晶的制备及光致发光研究

以硬脂酸、硝酸镧、氢氧化钠和钛酸四丁酯为原料制备了La0 .5Na0 .5TiO3 纳米晶 ,粒度最小可达 1 4nm ,烧成温度为 50 0℃ ,低于传统固相反应的合成温度。光致发光研究表明 :用 392nm光作激发光 ,在室温下观察到了一个强的蓝光发射带 ,并且它的强度和半宽度随粒度发生明显变化。     

Redox behavior and transport properties of La0.5−2xCexSr0.5+xFeO3−δ and La0.5−2ySr0.5+2yFe1−yNbyO3−δ perovskites

The effects of doping the mixed-conducting (La,Sr)FeO_3−δ system with Ce and Nb have been examined for the solid-solution series, La_0.5−2xCe_xSr_0.5+xFeO_3−δ (x = 0–0.20) and La_0.5−2ySr_0.5+2yFe_1−yNb_yO_3−δ (y = 0.05–0.10). Mössbauer spectroscopy at 4.1 and 297 K showed that Ce⁴⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ incorporation suppresses delocalization of p-type electronic charge carriers, whilst oxygen nonstoichiometry of the Ce-containing materials increases. Similar behavior was observed for La_0.3Sr_0.7Fe_0.90Nb_0.10O_3−δ at 923–1223 K by coulometric titration and thermogravimetry. High-temperature transport properties were studied with Faradaic efficiency (FE), oxygen-permeation, thermopower and total-conductivity measurements in the oxygen partial pressure range 10⁻⁵–0.5 atm. The hole conductivity is lower for the Ce- and Nb-containing perovskites, primarily as a result of the lower Fe⁴⁺ concentration. Both dopants decrease oxide-ion conductivity but the effect of Nb-doping on ionic transport is moderate and ion-transference numbers are higher with respect to the Nb-free parent phase, 2.2 × 10⁻³ for La_0.3Sr_0.7Fe_0.9Nb_0.1O_3−δ cf. 1.3 × 10⁻³ for La_0.5Sr_0.5FeO_3−δ at 1223 K and atmospheric oxygen pressure. The average thermal expansion coefficients calculated from dilatometric data decrease on doping, varying in the range (19.0–21.2) × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ at 780–1080 K.