人工核酸酶的设计和与核酸的相互作用

人工核酸酶在基因药物设计和分子生物学研究领域具有重要的科学意义,因此人工核酸酶的设计和酶模拟方面的研究引起了广泛关注并取得了重要进展．本文介绍近年来国内外学者和作者研究组在“双功能协同催化”、“双核协同催化”、“无金属催化”的人工核酸酶方面的研究进展,尤其是氮杂冠醚衍生物作为人工核酸酶与DNA相互作用的研究进展．     

两亲性大环多胺La(III)配合物的合成、表征及催化质粒DNA水解的研究

近年来,人工核酸切割试剂的研究一直是化学生物学、生物化学和分子生物学中最为活跃的前沿领域之一。最近的研究结果表明大环多胺金属配合物在磷酸二酯水解方面表现出独特的催化性能,能作为化学核酸酶有效的催化DNA和RNA的磷酸二酯键的水解[1-2]。尤其是电荷较高的金属阳离子形     

稀土及其配合物对核酸的断裂作用

人工核酸酶是一类具有限制性内切酶的功能、能高效高选择性地催化水解DNA 或RNA 的断裂工具。它们一般由核酸结构识别系统及催化断裂系统组成, 将两种功能有效地结合起来, 可模拟核酸的酶切反应。本文综述了稀土及其配合物对核酸的断裂作用, 并对其断裂机制进行了探讨。     

超临界二氧化碳介质中钯催化伯胺羰基化反应的研究

以正丁胺为模板 ,比较了超临界二氧化碳介质和常规有机溶剂中钯催化伯胺羰基化反应的规律。研究结果表明 ,在超临界二氧化碳中钯催化伯胺羰基化反应的化学选择性发生了改变 ,而且助溶剂对反应的化学选择性和产率也有较大的影响     

核酸酶催化放大传感体系的设计及其在铅离子比色检测中的应用

基于8-17 DNA酶的催化切割特性和类辣根过氧化物酶DNA酶的氧化还原反应催化特性,发展了一种新型核酸酶催化放大传感体系,并用于Pb2+的比色检测。考察了K+浓度,pH值及反应时间对检测体系的影响。ABTS吸光度变化与Pb2+浓度在5.0～100 nmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.0 nmol/L。此外,因Pb2+酶的特异性,本方法对Pb2+具有良好的选择性。     

化学核酸酶及其作用机理

化学核酸酶是一类人工设计、合成的DNA 或RNA 定位断裂工具, 由核酸识别结合系统和化学断裂系统组成。它们能够在任何位点断裂单链、双链DNA 或RNA , 不受限制性内切酶的天然专一性限制。本文除介绍了一些新的化学核酸酶体系外, 着重对它们的作用方式及作用机理进行了讨论。     

铜催化C—S偶联反应的研究新进展

铜催化C—S偶联反应是有机合成中的重要手段,近年来一直是有机化学和催化化学的研究热点之一.按照反应中所使用的配体的不同对铜催化C—S偶联反应的研究新进展进行了综述.     

三氯化铁催化的有机反应研究进展

应用FeCl3催化有机反应,已经成为有机合成中的一个重要方法.近年来一直是有机化学和催化化学的研究热点之一.按照反应类型的不同对近年来三氯化铁催化的有机反应研究进展进行了综述.     

钯催化合成嘧啶核苷衍生物的研究进展

嘧啶核苷衍生物在药物化学、生物探针和核酸化学的研究中具有重要的作用, 金属催化碳碳的形成广泛应用于嘧啶核苷衍生物的合成. 综述了钯催化的Sonogashira反应、Stille反应、Heck反应以及Hiyama反应在嘧啶类核苷衍生物合成中的应用.     

铜催化Ullmann C-N偶联反应的研究进展

铜催化Ullmann C-N偶联反应是一个重要的形成C—N键的有机合成反应。研究表明,合适的配体可以在很大程度上促进铜或铜盐催化的反应活性。新型的配体不断涌现,主要包括N-N、N-O和O-O双齿型配体,极大地推动了铜催化化学的发展。本文综述了添加不同结构配体的铜催化C-N Ullmann偶联反应,并对Ullmann偶联反应的发展前景作了展望。     

席夫碱大环铜配合物的化学核酸酶活性研究

对3种结构相近的席夫碱四氮大环草酰胺铜配合物（CuL^1～3）的化学核酸酶活性进行比较研究。结果表明：这类配合物的化学核酸酶活性与中心金属离子的类型、配体的结构、溶液的pH值、离子强度及配合物的浓度等都有关系。3种配合物表现出来的化学核酸酶活性顺序为CuL³＞CuL²＞CuL¹。CuL³的DNA切割反应表现为典型的假一级连续反应。在80 μmol·L^-1 CuL³和2 mmol·L^-1 H₂O₂的存在下,就超螺旋DNA向切口开环型DNA进而向线型DNA的转化而言,反应速率常数分别为0.044 0±0.001 5 min^-1(k₁)和0.003 52±0.000 18 min^-1(k₂)。     

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography of site-specific mutagenized staphylococcal nuclease : Gradient retention and correlations with amino acid-based predictive scales

Comparison of the gradient reversed-phase chromatographic retentions of twelve Staphylococcal nuclease mutants and the naturally occurring protein showed that the chain location and the chemical nature of the substituted amino acid(s) were equally significant in determining the retention. Correlations between the retention times of these nuclease mutants and of previously published data for interleukin 2 mutants and insulin variants with nineteen amino acid-based predictive scales revealed retention time to be significantly correlated to several scales. The use of mutagenized proteins allowed a more sensitive analysis of the individual amino acid contributions to retention than can be achieved by utilizing a more diverse set of proteins.     

四氮大环铜配合物和DNA的相互作用

本文合成了四氮大环铜配合 物，以紫外和溴化乙锭荧光法研究了它和DNA的相互作用，以琼脂糖凝胶电泳就它作为化学核酸酶的可能性进行了初步研究。     

Synthesis,characterization, DNA cleavage and in vitro antimicrobial activities of copper(II) complexes of Schiff bases containing a 2,4-disubstituted thiazole

Six Cu(II) complexes of Schiff base ligands of arylidene-2-(4-(4-bromo/methoxy-phenyl)thiazol-2-yl) hydrazines have been synthesized, characterized and screened for DNA cleavage and antimicrobial activities. The chemical structures of the complexes were deduced by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Elemental analyses indicated that the stoichiometry of the complexes is CuL₂ (L = Schiff base ligand). The DNA cleavage activities of the complexes were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of oxidant (H₂O₂) and free radical scavenger (DMSO). All the six complexes showed significant nuclease activity in the presence of H₂O₂, and two of the complexes showed moderate nuclease activity even in the absence of oxidant. The complexes did not show nuclease activity in the presence of free radical scavenger. The compounds were tested for activity against selected bacteria and fungi.     

Purification and characterization of a nuclease from Lentinus edodes.

An endonuclease with 3'-nucleotidase activity (nuclease Le1) was purified from fruit bodies of Lentinus edodes in a single band on sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The apparent molecular weight of nuclease Le1 was about 27000. The nuclease was inactivated in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and reactivated by the addition of Zn2+. Hydrolysis of poly U by the nuclease showed many intermediate size oligomers prior to the formation of 5'-uridine monophosphate (UMP). Therefore, it was concluded that nuclease Le1 was a Zn(2+)-endonuclease similar to P1-nuclease from Penicillium citrinum. The nuclease was very sensitive to ionic strength, but pH-profiles of the hydrolysis of four 3'-nucleotides were very similar to those of P1 nuclease from P. citrinum.     

Purification and characterization of a nuclease (3'-nucleotidase) from a Penicillium sp

A nuclease (3'-nucleotidase) similar to P1 nuclease from Penicillium citrinum was purified from a commercial digestive from a Penicillium sp. The activity of the nuclease (PA) was separated to three fractions by diethylaminoethyl-Toyopearl 650M column chromatography, in total yield of 10%. The apparent molecular weight of these three nucleases, PA1, PA2 and PA3 was 35000, 33000, and 32000, respectively. All of them were homogeneous so far as checked by sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gel electrophoresis. The three nucleases differed in carbohydrate content, but their amino acid composition was practically the same, and very similar to that of P1 nuclease. The molecular weight of nuclease PA3, the major component of nuclease PA, was approximately 27000 after digestion by endoglycosidase F. The N-terminal and C-terminal amino acid sequences of nuclease PA3 were determined by Edman degradation and carboxypeptidase(s) digestion, respectively. The nuclease PA3 was inactivated in the presence of 10 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 65% of its native enzyme activity restored by the addition of 20 mM ZnCl2. The pH-dependent photooxidative inactivation of nuclease PA3 was accelerated by removal of Zn ion by EDTA or trishydroxymethyl aminomethane, indicating the possible chelation of Zn2+ with some histidine residues.     

Characterization of immobilized nuclease P1

To improve the efficiency of the use of nuclease P1, enzyme immobilization technology was applied using nuclease P1. Characterization of immobilized nuclease P1 on different supports was studied. The results showed that the optimum pH and temperature of nuclease P1 immobilized via different supports were enhanced. The immobilized enzyme was obviously stable when stored for long periods and was reusable. The best results were obtained when nuclease P1 was immobilized on chitosan nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were applied to protect the activity of nuclease P1 and improved enzyme activity by 13.17% over that of free nuclease P1 at the same conditions. The Michaelis constant Km and V _max were determined for free and immobilized enzyme as well.     

Selective covalent conjugation of phosphorothioate DNA oligonucleotides with streptavidin

Protein-DNA conjugates have found numerous applications in the field of diagnostics and nanobiotechnology, however, their intrinsic susceptibility to DNA degradation by nucleases represents a major obstacle for many applications. We here report the selective covalent conjugation of the protein streptavidin (STV) with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (psDNA) containing a terminal alkylthiolgroup as the chemically addressable linking unit, using a heterobifunctional NHS-/maleimide crosslinker. The psDNA-STV conjugates were synthesized in about 10% isolated yields. We demonstrate that the terminal alkylthiol group selectively reacts with the maleimide while the backbone sulfur atoms are not engaged in chemical conjugation. The novel psDNA-STV conjugates retain their binding capabilities for both biotinylated macromolecules and the complementary nucleic acid. Moreover, the psDNA-STV conjugate retained its binding capacity for complementary oligomers even after a nuclease digestion step, which effectively degrades deoxyribonucleotide oligomers and thus the binding capability of regular DNA-STV conjugates. The psDNA-STV therefore hold particular promise for applications e.g. in proteome research and novel biosensing devices, where interfering endogenous nucleic acids need to be removed from analytes by nuclease digestion.