酸度对B-Z振荡反应的影响

B-Z反应是一类富含非线性动力学机制的化学反应体系.影响B-Z振荡的因素很多,包括反应物浓度、温度、抑制剂、溶液的非理想性,扩散作用及电极材料等.但是关于酸度对B-Z反应的影响的讨论不多,且在机理和模型分析中为了简化计算常将酸度人为地设定为1[2,3,4].B-Z反应是在酸性环境中进行的,所以B-Z反应的数学模型应该包含氢离子在内.本文以FKN机理[1]为基础,加进了氢离子的影响,对Oregonator模型进行了修改,使B-Z反应振荡阈值的理论更加完整,并且做了一系列实验进行验证.1数学模型　　B-Z反应所涉及的反应众多,按FKN机理[1]…     

物理化学实验Belousov-Zhabotinsky(B-Z)反应的新设计

针对现有物理化学实验教材中的“B-Z振荡反应实验”进行了重新设计,加入了基于反应机理的复杂反应动力学数学处理及B-Z反应在分析检测中的应用。新的实验设计使用的仪器、试剂等与原方案相同,在保留原实验趣味性、前沿性的基础上增加了更多的理论知识点,提高了实验的自主性、设计性,加大了实验的难度。在教学模式上新的实验设计更易于课上、课下相结合:课下完成理论模拟探究振荡周期的影响因素,初步确定实验方案(反应条件),课上实施、验证、优化实验设计,并拓展B-Z振荡反应的应用。新实验设计更能加深学生对非线性非平衡态动力学与耗散结构的认识,理解B-Z振荡反应分析检测应用与反应机理间的联系。关于非线性动力学的数学处理方法可以应用于科学研究与生产实践中。     

阿莫西林对B-Z振荡反应的影响及其振荡指纹图谱

研究了阿莫西林对B-Z振荡反应的影响,结果表明,阿莫西林的加入明显地改变了振荡体系的周期和振幅,即对振荡体系产生扰动,且阿莫西林的浓度分别在1.5×10-5~2.4×10-3mol/L和4.7×10-5~4.8×10-3mol/L范围内与振荡周期改变值Δt和振幅改变值ΔA均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9822和0.9846,同时结合FKN机理,初步探讨了阿莫西林扰动B-Z振荡反应的机理。     

硫酸羟胺与水合肼对B-Z反应的影响

化学振荡与生化、生理现象关系密切，有维生素C参与的化学振荡反应也很引人注目．赵学庄等对维生素C存在的B－Z反应的振荡行为与机理进行了研究．他们的实验表明，当加入维生素C时，B-Z反应的诱导期增长，振荡周期增大，振荡寿命缩短，与向反应体系加入等量的Br-所产生的影响是一致的，并由此推断，维生素C对B－Z反应的影响可能是由维生素C与BrO反应生成Br-抑制了此反应的化学振荡，据此，凡是能与BrO反应生成Br-的物质，其对B－Z反应的影响必将类似于维生素C，硫酸羟胺与水合肼就属于此类物质．本文初步研究了它们对B－Z反应的影…     

BZ反应系非理想性对化学振荡动力学区域的影响

基于Debye-Huckel强电解质溶液活度系数理论、反应速度的活化络合物理论以及三变量微分方程奇点理论,探讨了非理想性对BZ反应体系振荡动力学区域的影响。以Oregonator为模型建立了均匀体系非理想BZ反应的系统动力学方程,计算并绘制了化学振荡的临界"溴酸钠浓度-离子强度"阈值图谱,划分了不同的动力学区域,并进行了一系列实验研究,得到了与理论分析一致的结论.     

铂电极B-Z反应系双电层稀疏区电势跃变对电化学振荡的影响

根据连续步骤间非平衡耗散的特征, 定量表示了电化学步骤与扩散步骤的相对滞后性对电极反应体系耗散的贡献, 建立了稀疏区电势跃变ψ的非平衡态热力学计算公式, 给出了其在Boltzman分布近似下的表现形式. 同时, 建立了一个普适的Pt电极B-Z反应动力学模型, 讨论了ψ对电极B-Z反应系状态演化动力学行为的影响, 发现ψ的引入将强化该电极反应体系动力学机制的非线性程度, 导致电化学振荡区的蜕变. 给出了相应的计算机模拟图谱.     

搅拌对Belousov-Zhabotinskii振荡反应的影响及反应机理研究

研究了非流动条件下搅拌对B-Z振荡反应的影响。实验发现即使在氮气保护下, 搅拌仍对振荡行为(振幅和周期等)有明显影响。为解释搅拌的影响作用, 对B-Z反应的Oregonator模型作了修正和补充并依据非平衡态热力学的一般原理将搅拌影响唯象地归结为反应速率常数的相对变化。修正后的模型不仅较好地克服了原模型存在的一些问题, 而且在引入搅拌作用以后得到了与实验现象定性一致的数值模拟结果。     

Cr_2O_7~(2-)对B-Z振荡反应的影响及其分析应用

研究了Cr2O72-对B-Z化学振荡反应的影响.结果表明,Cr2O27-的加入明显改变该振荡反应的诱导期,且诱导期的改变值Δtin与所加入Cr2O72-的浓度有良好的线性关系,线性范围3.45×10-6~6.20×10-4mol·L-1,相关系数为0.9992,对Cr2O72-扰动B-Z振荡反应的机理进行了探讨.     

四氮杂大环镍(Ⅱ)配合物[Ni(TIM)](ClO4)2催化的新型B-Z振荡反应

本文报道了一种以四氮杂大环四烯镍(Ⅱ)配合物[Ni(TIM)](ClO4)2为催化剂,柠檬酸为有机底物的硫酸环境的新型的B-Z振荡反应体系。讨论了不同浓度的溴酸钠、硫酸、柠檬酸对振荡周期(tp)、振幅(A)、振荡次数(n)的影响,发现振荡周期tp与溴酸钠、硫酸、柠檬酸的浓度有关,关系表达式:tp(s)∝C0-2.003(NaBrO3)C0-2.881(H2SO4)C0-3.16(Citric acid)。研究了各种还原剂、自由基抑制剂、Ag+、Hg2+对该振荡反应的不同程度的影响。最后提出了该反应的反应机理。     

以棓酸为底物的Belousov-Zhabotinskii振荡反应研究

以丙二酸为有机底物的Belousov-Zhabotinskii振荡反应(简称B-Z反应)研究较多。Archana Mittal等以硝基苯酚、邻苯二酚等一系列有机底物代替丙二酸研究了B-Z反应的振荡行为。但以棓酸即没食子酸(gallic acid)或焦棓酚为有机底物的B-Z反应研究甚少。A.K.Dutt等报导了在静止反应器中,这是一个振荡周期无规律的特殊振荡反应。迄今为止,未曾见在连续流动搅拌反应器(CSTR)中有关该物系振荡行为的研究。我们在CSTR中,详细考察了该物系的振荡行为,自动记录到有规律的振荡波形,以及温度对物系的影响,计算出活化能E_α=62.4kJ mol~(-1),并从FKN机理出发,对该物系所具有的特殊性作了定性解释。     

维生素B1对B-Z振荡反应的影响及反应动力学

维生素是生物生长和代谢所必需的微量有机物,和激素相似,需要量很小,但对生命活动却有重要作用,缺少维生素生物会不能正常生长,甚至发生疾病．本文研究了维生素BI（以下简称VitBl）对B－Z振荡反应的影响,对揭示生命的奥秘,推动医学、药学等方面的研究发展将有一定帮助·实验结果表明,不同VitBI的浓度与振荡周期改变值凸t。及振幅改变值凸A均有良好的线性关系．线性范围为5．1（）X10－’～2．78X10－‘11。of·L－‘,相关系数分别为0．905和0．993．据此可为VitBl的定是分析测试提供信息及依据．1实验1．1仪器与试剂＊SS（…     

外控弱周期电流约束下电极B-Z反应体系中的时间自组织

The coupled dynamical model consisting of the electrode B-Z system, and its related bulk phase B-Z system externally controlled by a periodical current is proposed on the basis of the Oregonator model. Dynamical behaviors of the electrode B-Z system, when subjected to external current constraint have been investigated systematically under the condition that the bulk phase is at a steady state. Furthermore, by means of the analytic method of slow manifold the regimes favorable to the appearance of limit-cycle oscillation have been determined on both the current~concentration of BrO3- and the current~model parameter plane respectively. The results are similar to those of experiments controlled externally by weak-periodical potential constraint, as reported in former works. It turns out that a limited cycle oscillatory regime degenerates under external periodical current constraint. Meanwhile, a kind of forced oscillations emerges in the regime where limit-cycle oscillations can t appear under constant current constraint.     

Dual control mechanism in a Belousov-Zhabotinskii (B-Z) oscillator with glucose and oxalic acid as a double substrate

Oscillations in a Belousov-Zhabotinskii (B-Z) system having oxalic acid (OA) and glucose (G) as a mixed organic substrate, neither of which acts as a bromine scavenger, have been investigated. Studies have been performed for (i) varying the concentration of G while keeping the OA concentration fixed and (ii) varying OA but keeping G fixed in a batch reactor. In both cases upper and lower critical limits occur, between which oscillations are observed. Both single and double frequency oscillations have been observed in a wide range of concentrations of G as well as of OA. The induction period in most of the cases was <1 min. When G is fixed and OA is varied, the time pause between the sequential oscillations increases with an increase in OA. On the other hand when OA is fixed and G is varied, the time-pause decreases with an increase in G. The first type of oscillation is Br(-)-controlled, whereas the second is non-Br(-)-controlled. The order of addition of G and OA in the last has no influence on the induction period. It influences, however, the oscillatory characteristics. Br(2) evolution in the G + OA + Ce(4+) + BrO(3)(-) + H(2)SO(4) reaction system has been investigated spectrophotometrically. ESR and polymerization studies indicate the important role of free radicals in influencing the reaction mechanism. A tentative dual control mechanism has been suggested involving autocatalysis of HBrO(2) and BrO2*.     

Photoinduced phase separation

A novel approach of photoinduced phase separation has been demonstrated with a photolabile anionic surfactant, mixed with an inert nonionic surfactant in the presence of salting-out electrolyte. Breakdown of the photolyzable surfactant results in hydrophobic photoproducts, which are emulsified by the remaining inert surfactant; added electrolyte resolves the emulsion into macroscopic oily and aqueous phases. The initial micellar systems can disperse an insoluble additive marker dye (shown), which may be spatially segregated from the aqueous environment by the action of UV light.     

New substrates in the ferroin-catalyzed bromate system in aqueous-organic mixed media

A large number of substrates have hitherto been employed in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (B-Z) oscillatory system in pure aqueous medium. A systematic study of aromatic bromate oscillators is limited by solubility problem relating to the compounds and the brominated derivatives. The use of aqueous-organic mixed media for the oscillatory study is found to be highly useful for the study of water insoluble substances. A comparative study of the oscillatory behavior of gallic acid as substrate in pure aqueous as well as in a number of mixed media have been made in order to ascertain the suitability of mixed media in oscillatory systems. The alteration of oscillatory characteristics in the presence of organic solvent can be understood in terms of the Field-Koros-Noyes (FKN) mechanism. The oscillatory behavior of seventeen new substrates in the ferroin-catalyzed bromate system in 20% (v) acetonitrile is also presented and discussed in this communication. The reactivity of structurally related substrates has been correlated to the structure in terms of the relevant oscillatory parameters. The use of aqueous-organic mixed media in oscillatory systems would enable the investigation of new classes of substrates since getting them into the solution phase would no longer be a limitation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

反应NH~4ClO~4+Mg+K~2Cr~2O~7的非线性化学动力学2: 固相 振荡燃烧的化学模 型

建立了NH~4ClO~4+Mg+K~2Cr~2O~7固相振荡燃烧体系的非吸热三变量立方自催化化学模型,应用非线性数学分析方法,研究了固相振荡燃烧的非线性化学动力学机理,并对此进行了数值模拟,结果反映了这一振荡燃烧体系所具有的非线性化学动力学特性。     

用Lyapunov指数确定Brusselator和Oregonator的分岔

本文计算了Brusselator及Oregonator的Lyapunov指数随系统控制参量的变化,依据Lyapunov指数的稳定性理论,确定出上述两模型都是通过Hopf分岔产生极限环的。在Brusselator分岔行为上,Lyapunov指数理论与线性稳定性分析所得的结论是一致的。对Oregonator所代表的化学背景作了分析,指出影响B-Z反应发生分岔的主要因素是Br~-的再生能力与速度。