基体改进效应石墨炉原子吸收测定环境和生物样品中镓、铟和铊

本文研究了环境、地质及生物样品中镓、铟、铊的测定条件,试验了金属盐类、有机化合物及金属碳化物涂层石墨管对测定镓、铟、铊的基体改进作用,确定了每一个待测元素的最佳基体改进剂体系。实验表明:镍的存在可使镓的允许灰化温度由900℃增至1200℃,灵敏度提高6倍,钯能使水溶液里的铟的允许灰化温度由800℃增至1200℃,灵敏度增加了3倍多,并能使有机萃取液中的锢的允许灰化温度由小于400℃增至1000℃,灵敏度提高11倍,从而可直接测定有机萃取液中的锢。然而,仅有镍或把基体改进剂存在时,高氯酸及其盐将严重干扰实际样品中镶、锢、蛇的准确测定。为此,比较了各种试剂在镍或把存在下的消除干扰的能力,得出一定量的硫酸按或抗坏血酸,可使镓、铟、铊测定时的高氯酸的最大允许浓度由0.0001-0.0003M增至0.3-1.0M,高氯酸盐的允许浓度为0.01M,从而有效地消除了基体干扰。基于这些研究,提出了以镍一硫酸按和钯一抗坏血酸作基体改进剂直接测定环境、地质和生物样品中痕量稼、锢和铊,以钯作基体改进剂结合NH₄I-MIBK萃取测定各种样品中痕量铟的方法,并成功地用于各实际样品的测定。工作中推测了镓、铟的原子化机理和镍、钯改进剂的作用;探讨了高氯酸(盐)的干扰机理和硫酸按,抗坏血酸的消除干扰的原因。     

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定镍基单晶高温合金中36种痕量元素

基于高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HR-ICP-MS)的质谱干扰消除技术,对镍基单晶高温合金中36种痕量元素检测的质谱条件、基体干扰、质谱干扰与同位素选择进行了研究。取样品0.100 0 g,用体积比为3∶1的盐酸-硝酸混合酸10 mL、氢氟酸1 mL溶解,用水定容至250 mL。通过复杂基体质谱干扰计算判定、共存元素干扰消除,确定了待测元素的同位素和分辨模式,将镍基单晶高温合金中痕量元素准确测定的元素种类确定为36种。采用标准加入法进行定量分析,36种痕量元素的检出限(3s)为0.004～6.000μg·L^-1。方法用于分析国际标准物质,得到的测定值与认定值基本一致。方法用于镍基单晶高温合金样品分析,36种痕量元素的检出量为0.000 001 0%～0.018%。     

原子吸收无火焰钽舟法测定岩石中痕量镱

原子吸收无火焰钽舟法测定岩石样品中痕量镱,除铝、钠、硅、铁、钙以外其它元素不干扰测定。样品分解后,经PMBP萃取分离用本法测定获得了良好结果。该法灵敏度为6×10~(-12)克/1％吸收。 (一)仪器与主要试剂 1.以QR-50型分光光度计为主体组装的原子吸收分光光度计。 2.混合指示剂;溴甲酚绿及甲基红各0.2％乙醇溶液以3∶1体积混合。     

二苯硫脲纤维素分离富集—火焰原子吸收法测定地质样品中痕量银

在王水介质中，采用二苯硫脲螯合纤维素吸附以除去地质样品中大部分干扰离子，被吸附的银用硫脲溶液解吸并用火焰原子吸收光谱测定。研究了分离和测定的条件，２０余种共存离子对银的测定无显著影响。该法已成功地应用于地质样品中痕量银的测定。     

等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量稀土元素的基体效应及多原子离子干扰的校正研究

采用模拟地质样品中稀土元素间天然组成比的基体匹配校正标准溶液进行外标校正,有效地抑制了地质样品分析中的基体效应;以¹¹⁵In-¹⁰³Rh双内标元素校正,监控和校正分析信号的短期和长期漂移;通过单个稀土元素及钡的氧化物、氢氧化物的测定计算出等效的干扰浓度,进而校正了稀土元素分析中多原子离子干扰.建立了地质样品中痕量稀土元素测定中基体效应及多原子离子干扰的校正方法,通过对5个标准参考物质的分析,定量测定限为0.0090.133μg·g^-1,RSD小于5%.     

塞曼石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定血液中痕量铝

采用偏振塞曼原子吸收法，以Ｃａ作基体改进剂，注入热解涂层石墨管中，直接测定用ＯＰ溶液稀释血液样品中的痕量铝，有效地消除了血液基体的干扰，克服了铝的记忆效应，从而提高了方法的测定灵敏度、重现性和准确度。     

等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量稀土元素的基体效应 …

采用模拟地质样品中稀土元素间天然组成比的基体匹配校正标准溶液进行外标校正,有效地抑制了地质样品分析中的基体效应,以＾１１５Ｉｎ－＾１０３Ｒｈ双内标元素校正,监控和校正分析信号的短期和长期漂移;通过单个稀土元素及钡的氧化物,氢氧化物的测定计算出等效的干扰浓度,进而校正了稀土元素分析中多原子离子干扰。建立了地质样吕吕痕量稀土元素测定中基体效应及多原子离子干扰的校正方法。通过对５个标准参考物质的分析,定     

ICP-OES常见干扰类型及校正方法探讨

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP–OES)越来越多地应用于各类物质的分析检测。测定复杂样品时,仪器出现各种干扰问题是影响测定结果准确性的主要因素。根据仪器原理及样品进入ICP的顺序,对可能出现的化学干扰、物理干扰、记忆效应、电离干扰和光谱干扰进行原因分析。结合具体实例探讨各类干扰相应的校正方法,可以较好地消除干扰对测定结果的影响。     

高流速辉光放电质谱法测定镍基单晶高温合金中43种痕量元素北大核心CSCD

基于高流速辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)的质谱干扰消除技术,对镍基单晶高温合金中43种痕量元素的质谱干扰与同位素选择进行了研究,用于高性能镍基单晶高温合金的纯净化水平评价。固体样品采用直接进样,通过复杂基体质谱干扰计算判定、共存元素干扰消除等方式,确定了待测元素的同位素和分辨率模式,通过相应标准物质对待测元素的相对灵敏度因子进行校正,采用高流速GDMS测定镍基单晶高温合金中43种痕量元素。结果表明,痕量元素的检出限(3s)为1.04×10^(-7)%~6.60×10^(-3)%,大部分元素的检出限达到0.1μg·g^(-1)级别;对内控标准物质DD6-6#测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差为0.59%~13%。方法分析结果与不同分析方法对照、标准物质比对,结果吻合度高。     

稀土元素的原子吸收光谱分析研究(Ⅱ)——在空气-乙炔焰中双络合剂对镱的增感效应

本文在空气-乙炔焰中,研究了双络合剂体系对镱的增感效应,发现了三种增感类型.试验了无机酸、普通元素和非镱稀土的干扰及其消除.所拟定的方法用于合成试样中镱的测定,结果满意.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.