六氟丙烯等离子体聚合机理研究

<正> 在以前的工作中,我们曾应用色谱-质谱(GC-MS)及顺磁共振(ESR)等方法研究了四氟乙烯和三氟氯乙烯等离子体聚合过程中气体冷凝物的组成及结构,提出自由基引发聚合反应机理。本文用类似方法研究六氟丙烯(HFP)等离子体气体冷凝物的组成与结构和冷凝物的ESR信号及其从低温到高温的变化规律,证实了自由基的稳定性并提出气相聚合反应机理。     

吡咯等离子体聚合产物分析

用色谱－质谱、裂解色谱－质谱、电子自旋共振、红外光谱及元素分析等方法鉴定了吡咯等离子体聚合过程中气相冷凝物和聚合物的组成，根据分析结果提出了吡咯等离子体聚合的自由基反应历程。     

三氟氯乙烯等离子体聚合气相冷凝物分析

应用等离子体聚合方法可以制备用化学方法难以得到的具有优异性能的聚合物,因此近年来引起国内外学者的重视,并对其聚合机理进行了探讨。但由于等离子体聚合反应的复杂性,至今尚未提出统一的反应机理。其争论的主要问题集中于反应活性中心是自由基还是离子,聚合反应是在气相还是在表面进行。对等离子体聚合过程中的气体产物分析与鉴定,将能对上述问题提供重要的依据。本文报导用色谱(GC),色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和顺磁共振(ESR)等方法分离和鉴定     

含氟烯烃等离子体聚合过程中气相自由基结构研究

等离子体聚合反应机理争论焦点之一是其活性中心是自由基还是离子。作者等曾用ESR 方法分别观察到烯烃、含氟烯烃等单体的等离子体聚合过程中收集的气相冷凝物及其聚合物出现很强的信号、而且前者进一步分裂出     

在辉光放电中四氟乙烯聚合反应历程和产物结构的研究—Ⅰ.等离子体聚四氟乙烯的ESCA表征(2)

本工作应用ESCA研究了聚合条件对产物结构的影响,并着重讨论了在非辉光区中形成的等离子体聚四氟乙烯(PPTFE)膜的ESCA表征。发现在非辉光区中形成的PPTFE是近于线型的,并用X射线粉末照相证实,聚合膜具有类似普通PTFE的结晶结构,约有20条衍射环。另外,考察了放电功率、压力和等离子气体等对聚合膜结构的影响。     

乙烯和丙烯的等离子体聚合及聚合物结构的研究

<正> 文献[1—3]曾报导过应用等离子体聚合方法制备有机聚合物薄膜,为掌握等离子体聚合物的性能,进而扩展其用途,对其结构进行研究具有一定的意义。Kobayashi等研究了用内部电极等离子体装置制备的聚乙烯的结构,并指出其为交联结构,他们用同样装置研究了单体流量对丙烯聚合膜淀积速率的影响。我们用较简单的外部电容耦合式聚合装置,研究了在辉光区中乙烯和丙烯的聚合规律,并应用元素分析、红外光谱和X射线衍射法研究了聚合物的结构。     

六氟丙烯的等离子体聚合和聚合物结构的研究

应用外部电容耦合式聚合装置,研究了六氟丙烯(HFP)的聚合规律,找到了较好的聚合条件。实验中发现在聚合过程中,随功率增加脱氢作用增大,这可利用氢等离子气体加以控制。X-射线衍射法和元素分析结果表明,在辉光区中形成的PHFP具有高度支化和交联的结构。从性能研究中看出,等离子体PHFP膜具有较好的光学性能,疏水性和较高的热稳定性。     

乙烯在N_2中的等离子体聚合

一、引言应用等离子体聚合方法以制备有机聚合物薄膜,在一些综合报道中已有所评介。一般说来,在等离子体中所形成的聚合物薄膜是高度交联和不溶的,而且在化学上也是极其惰性和稳定的。在辉光放电中使用清洗好的基片,通常可获得粘附于基片上性能优异的薄膜。 Yasuda等研究在等离子体中聚合物的淀积分布和某些有机化合物的等离子体聚合反应时,曾报道     

等离子体聚合制备气体分离膜研究概况

本文叙述了近年来等离子体聚合技术制备气体分离膜,主要是富氧膜的研究进展。着重介绍等离子体聚合制备复合膜的类型及结构、气体透过特性、等离子体反应参数对复合膜气体透过性的影响。     

碳氟化合物等离子体聚合研究进展

本文综述了近年来碳氟等离子体聚合物研究的新进展,主要包括3个方面:(1)碳氟化合物的等离子体聚合反应历程;(2)碳氟等离子体聚合物的结构表征,着重介绍了电子能谱在表征其结构中的应用;(3)碳氟等离子体聚合物的应用领域。     

ESR Study of Trimethylsilane Plasma Polymer Part II; Effect of Consecutive Treatments and Mixed Gases

An ESR study has indicated that a second plasma treatment on plasma deposited films from trimethylsilane (TMS) monomer gas has the ability to modify the characteristics of the primary plasma polymer significantly in a favorable manner for many applications. The effect of the second plasma polymerization on the primary plasma polymer of TMS depends on the nature of the second monomer. Plasma of F-containing monomer, hexafluoroethane (HFE) and perfluoromethane (CF₄), decreases the ESR signal of TMS and no detectable signal due to F-containing monomer was found. The decay rate of the signal decreased significantly. In contrast to this situation, CH₄ plasma treatment yields an ESR signal that is a composite of that observed from TMS and CH₄ films individually. The overall signal increased in this instance, but didn't show appreciable decay in 24 hr period. A second treatment by nonpolymer forming plasmas also decreased the ESR signal of TMS, and decreased the decay rate, indicating that the second gas plasma treatment yields a somewhat similar effect found with the HFE plasma treatment. Plasma polymerization of mixtures of TMS and nonpolymer-forming gases increased the ESR signal but decreased the decay rate, except in the case of oxygen. A mixture of (TMS + O₂) behaved as a completely different monomer. No ESR signal was found in this system. The ESR analysis was supported by XPS data and an insight into the mechanisms occurring in these thin films are discussed.     

The polymerization of ethylene with a soluble titanium-aluminium complex

The reaction between biscyclopentadienyl titanium dichloride and aluminium alkyls and alkyl chlorides has been examined by ESR spectroscopy, and by the abilities of the various resulting complexes to initiate the polymerization of ethylene at 1 atm and ambient temperature. In general, it is concluded that the active initiating species is a Ti(IV) complex, and not the paramagnetic Ti(III) complexes. Accordingly, the development of an ESR spectrum is accompanied by a fall off in initiating efficiency, decrease in polymerization rate and increased molecular weight of the polymers produced. The reduction of Ti(IV) to Ti(III) during the polymerization accounts for the fall in rate with conversion; addition of an oxidizing agent (1:2-dichloroethane) to the polymerization converts Ti(III) to Ti(IV), as observed by the disappearance of the ESR signal, and increases the efficiency of the polymerization. Block copolymers of ethylene with propylene and butadiene have been prepared with this initiator; the efficiency in producing blocks has been used to study the decomposition of the active sites by a first order reduction process.     

STUDIES ON THE INITIATION MECHANISM OF ORGANIC PEROXIDE AND N-METHACRYLOYLOXYETHYL-N-METHYL ANILINE IN METHYL METHACRYLATE POLYMERIZATION

The initiation mechanism of methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization by organic peroxide and polymerizable aromatic tertiary amine such as N-methacryloyloxyethyl-N-methyl aniline (MEMA) binary system has been studied. The kinetics of polymerization of MMA and the ESR spectra of organic peroxide/MEMA system were determined. Based on the ESR study and the end-group analysis by UV spectra of the polymer formed, the initiation mechanism is proposed.     

Search for highly resolved electron spin resonance spectra of the transient radical in radical polymerization

The detection of highly resolved spectra in electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of radical polymerization is presented. Well‐resolved ESR spectra of the propagating radical were detected in the radical polymerization of several vinyl monomers with a specially designed cavity and cell. More highly resolved ESR spectra of the propagating radicals of vinyl and diene compounds were observed with aconventional spectrometer without the specially designed cavity and cell. On the basis of the ESR spectra, propagation rate constants and dynamic behavior of propagating radicals are discussed. Moreover, the application of time‐resolved ESR spectroscopy to research on the initiation process in radical polymerization is shown. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 269–285, 2002     

Parylene C at subambient temperatures

Dependence of Parylene C deposition rate on dimer sublimation temperature, inert gas pressure, substrate temperature, and mass of dimer has been investigated. It was found that Parylene C deposition proceeds best at ambient temperature and produces film of optimum performance. Opacity in the film results from its rough morphology and not from the incorporation of the dimer in the film as is normally thought. This was evidenced from scanning electron microscopy and from an estimation of the volatile contents of the Parylene C films. Deposition of Parylene C at liquid nitrogen temperature proceeds via trapping of active monomer species followed by spontaneous polymerization. A quantitative study of the monomer to polymer transition by ESR spectroscopy is presented.     

ESR study on radical polymerization and its application to microemulsion systems

Well-resolved electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of propagating radicals of vinyl and diene compounds were observed in a single scan by a conventional CW-ESR spectrometry without the aid of computer accumulation and the specially designed cavity and cells. Although solvents which could be used for ESR measurements were restricted to nonpolar solvents, such as benzene, toluene, and hexane, new information on dynamic behavior and reactivity of the propagating radicals in the radical polymerization of vinyl and diene compounds were obtained. Thus, values of propagation rate constants (k_p) for vinyl and diene compounds were determined by an ESR method. Some of the k_p values were in a fair agreement with those obtained by a pulsed laser polymerization (PLP) method. Furthermore, polymer chain effect on apparent k_p was clearly observed in the radical polymerization of macromonomers and in the microemulsion polymerization. In ESR measurement on inclusion polymerization system, important information on the origin of the 9-line spectrum observed in the radical polymerization of methacrylate propagating radicals was obtained.     

Polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene initiated by fluorinated petroleum coke

The polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene initiated by the inorganic polymer fluorocarbon material CF_0.95 prepared by the high-temperature fluorination of petroleum coke has been studied. The kinetics of the process has been examined, and the dependences of the rate of polymerization and the yield of polymer on monomer pressure and temperature have been considered. The free-radical mechanism of the process is established by ESR. The kinetic features of initiation and polymerization leading to an exponential growth in rate in the initial non-steady-state portion of kinetic curves are discussed.     

配位聚合载体化催化剂ESR研究进展

本文概述了配位聚合载体化催化剂的ESR研究进展,介绍了载体研究、活性中心研究及计算机模拟技术研究方面的发展概况.     

STUDIES ON THE INITIATION MECHANISM OF CERIC ION AND ACETYLACETONE REDOX SYSTEM IN VINYL POLYMERIZATION

The initiation mechanism of acrylamide (AAM)polymerization using ceric ion/acetylacetone system as an initiator has been studied. The redox polymerization was revealed by the low value of overall activation energy of AAm polymerization. The structure of free radicals formed from above-mentioned initiation sytem were detected by radical trapping and ESR spectra techniques and the end groups of polymers obtained were determined by FT-IR spectra analysis method. Based on these results the initiation mechanism is proposed.