分光光度法测定硒盐中的硒(IV)含量

室温下硒(Ⅳ)与邻苯二胺配位生成黄色配合物,用环己烷萃取后,在最大吸收波长330nm处测定其吸光度。实验结果表明,硒含量在4～20μg/mL时线性关系良好,线性方程A=0.1999c-0.0011(R=0.9995)。最优化条件下测定硒盐中硒的含量取得满意结果。方法操作简单,设备和药品价格低廉,准确度高,稳定性好,适宜于基层实验室对食品中微量元素硒的检验。     

硒钼杂多酸—罗丹明B离子缔合物显色反应的研究与应用

研究了在聚乙烯醇分散剂存在下 ,硒 钼酸铵 罗丹明B(RDB)三元缔合物的显色反应。建立了测定硒碘盐中微量硒的新方法。离子缔合物的最大吸收波长为 5 70nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数ε570 =5 .6× 10 5L·mol- 1·cm- 1。在测定条件下 ,硒含量在 0～ 6μg/ 2 5ml范围内符合比耳定律。对于硒碘盐样品的测定 ,RSD≤ 2 .5 % ,结果满意     

控温消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水中硒形态

取10.00 mL水样,于60～70℃加热蒸发至近干,加入硝酸-高氯酸(1+1)混合酸2.0mL,继续加热至白烟冒尽,加入盐酸2.0 mL,摇匀,加热保持微沸3～5 min,冷却后转移至10mL比色管中,用去离子水定容,使用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱仪测定总硒的含量。另取10.00mL水样,加入盐酸2.0mL,于60～70℃加热至溶液体积小于5mL,转移至10mL比色管中,用去离子水定容,使用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱仪测定无机硒(即四价硒和六价硒的总和)的含量。另取水样5.00mL于10mL比色管中,加入盐酸2.0mL,用去离子水定容,使用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱仪测定四价硒的含量。用总硒含量减去无机硒含量即为有机硒含量,无机硒含量减去四价硒含量即为六价硒含量。在最佳仪器工作条件下,硒的质量浓度在1.00～20.0μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的荧光强度呈线性关系,硒的检出限(3s)和测定下限(10s)分别为0.11,0.36μg·L~(-1)。采用本方法测定某地区水中的总硒、无机硒和四价硒,加标回收率在95.7%～104%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.9%～3.2%之间。采用本方法测定了不同地区水中的总硒、无机硒和四价硒,利用差减法计算得有机硒和六价硒的含量。     

原子荧光法测定茶叶中的硒含量

采用原子荧光法测定茶叶中的硒含量,对样品消解温度及仪器条件进行了优化。还原剂为1.0%硼氢化钾–0.5%氢氧化钾溶液,载流液为3%盐酸溶液。在优化条件下,硒的质量浓度在0~20 ng/mL范围内与荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999,检出限为0.8 ng/mL。该法的加标回收率为88.08%~101.39%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.03%~4.84%(n=6)。该方法实际操作性强,准确度高,适用于日常检验工作中对批量茶叶中硒含量的测定。     

硫代硫酸钠滴定法测定铜铟镓硒太阳能靶材中硒

建立了测定铜铟镓硒太阳能靶材中硒的硫代硫酸钠滴定法.用硝酸– 盐酸混合液(3:1)在低温加热条件下消解铜铟镓硒靶材样品,在盐酸介质中,用亚硫酸将亚硒酸还原为单质硒沉淀与其它杂质分离,用酸溶解沉淀,在硫酸介质中,加入碘化钾,以淀粉作指示剂,用硫代硫酸钠标准溶液滴定,计算硒的含量.该方法适合质量分数为30％～70％的硒的测...     

微波水解-液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定硒蛋白中的硒代氨基酸

针对酶解法测定硒代氨基酸操作复杂,时间长,水解不完全且水解产物不稳定等问题,建立一种微波水解-液相色谱-原子荧光光谱仪测定硒蛋白中硒代氨基酸的方法。样品经HCl(6 mol/L)微波水解后,调节pH值至7.5,采用阴离子色谱柱,pH=6.0的(NH_(4))_(2)HPO_(4)(40 mmol/L)溶液为流动相,流速0.6 mL/min,等度洗脱12 min的条件对硒代胱氨酸(SeCys_(2))、甲基-硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)和硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)进行分离,用原子荧光光谱仪测定其含量。微波水解条件采用星点设计-响应面法进行优化,优选最佳水解条件为:称样量20 mg,水解温度150℃,水解时间40 min。SeCys_(2)、MeSeCys和SeMet均在0~100 ng浓度范围内呈线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限分别为0.07、0.03和0.14 mg/kg,RSD分别为5.6%、4.6%、3.7%(n=6)。用来测定硒代氨基酸,耗时短,成本低,水解完全,操作简单,水解产物稳定,能够科学评价硒蛋白中硒代氨基酸的组成,对硒蛋白产品的质量控制和溯源提供了科学方法,值得推广应用。     

表面活性剂存在下氢化物发生原子荧光法测定微量硒的研究及应用

研究了不同表面活性剂对硒的氢化物发生原子荧光测定(HG-AFS)的影响,发展了一种灵敏度高、选择性好的HG-AFS测定硒的方法。在定量还原Se(Ⅳ)为Se(Ⅳ)的条件下,测定了补硒品康必硒中的Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅳ)和有机硒的含量。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定北虫草中总硒和无机硒

北虫草试样经硝酸-高氯酸(5+1)混合酸消解,用原子荧光光谱法测定总硒的含量;北虫草试样用盐酸浸提,用原子荧光光谱法测定无机硒的含量。使用溶于5g.L-1氢氧化钾溶液中的20g.L-1硼氢化钾溶液使与溶液中硒离子反应生成氢化物。分析中采用载气及屏蔽气的流量依次为500mL.min-1及1 000mL.min-1。荧光强度与硒的质量浓度在100μg·L-1以内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.2μg·L-1。应用此法测定北虫草中硒的含量,总砷测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在3.4%～3.9%之间,无机硒的平均回收率为103%。     

分子荧光光谱法测定富硒大米中的痕量硒

硒(Ⅳ)与DAN(2,3-二氨基萘)生成具有荧光特性的4,5-苯并苤硒脑,可用分子荧光光谱法测定,优化测定的实验条件,建立了快速准确测定大米中痕量硒的方法.结果表明,其最佳测定条件为:pH=2.0,反应温度为80℃,1.0×10-5 mol/L十六烷基溴化吡啶用作表面活性剂,环己烷萃取条件下,增敏效果明显,在0～0.0...     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定钒银矿中硒

提出了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定钒银矿中硒的含量。样品经逆王水加高氯酸溶解,并采用内标法消除了可能存在的质谱干扰。实验结果表明,方法检出限为0.066ng/mL,加标回收率为94%~104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于5.0%。方法简单、快速、准确,适用于钒银矿中硒含量的测定。     

Observation in the Growth of Selenium Nanoparticles

A mild chemical reduction method was developed to synthesize selenium nanoparticles. The observation of the particle growth within a five‐minute time frame at an elevated temperature is achieved, and it was evidenced by analyzing the particle sizes from electron micrographs. The samples at individual growth stages were taken after the reaction was quenched by cooling to stop further particle growth. The nucleation and growth processes dominate different reaction time regimes under the experimental condition. We demonstrate the size evolution of the selenium nanoparticles from 30 nm to about 200 nm.     

Specific determination of selenoaminoacids in whole milk by 2D size-exclusion-ion-paring reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP MS)

A procedure was developed for the quantitative recovery of selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys) from whole milk. It was based on the protein unfolding, carbamidomethylation of the aminoacid residues using iodoacetamide and proteolysis using Protease XIV. The selenoaminoacids were specifically determined by ion-paring reversed phase HPLC-ICP MS after their isolation from the post-reaction mixture by size-exclusion LC. Se(IV) present in the sample was derivatized as well and was determined along with the selenoaminoacids. The origin and identity of species were identified by the co-elution with the Se(IV), isotopically labelled selenomethionine, and with the synthetic standard of carbamidomethylated selenocysteine. The method development for SeCys was assisted by using glutathione peroxidise as the SeCys standard. SeMet, SeCys and Se(IV) were quantified by the method of standard additions. The mass balance provided a measure of the method validation. The method was applied to monitoring selenium speciation during supplementation of cows (dose-effect study) with Se-rich yeast containing feed and during milk processing.     

Die Reaktion von SePh2 mit N‐Chlorsuccinimid. Kristallstrukturen von [SeCl2Ph2] und [SeCl2Ph2(Succinimid)2]

Reaction of SePh₂ with N‐Chlorosuccinimide. Crystal Structures of [SeCl₂Ph₂] and [SeCl₂Ph₂(succinimide)₂] SePh₂ reacts with N‐chlorosuccinimide in acetonitrile solution to give [SeCl₂Ph₂] ( 1 ) and [SeCl₂Ph₂(succinimide)₂] ( 2 ) as colourless crystals, which can be separated by fractional crystallization. According to X‐ray single crystal determinations both compounds contain [SeCl₂Ph₂] molecules with ψ‐trigonal‐bipyramidal coordination at the selenium atom, the chloro ligands being in apical positions. In 2 the dimeric unit (HNC₄O₂H₄)₂ is linked with its [SeCl₂Ph₂] unit via a weak C–H···O hydrogen bond. 1 : Space group Pbcn, Z = 4, lattice dimensions at 193 K: a = 1350.6(1), b = 573.3(1), c = 1503.3(2) pm, R₁ = 0.0326. 2 : Space group I2/a, Z = 4, lattice dimensions at 193 K: a = 1363.9(1), b = 557.7(1), c = 2781.3(1) pm, β = 101.01(1)°, R₁ = 0.0286.     

硒的土壤化学及其生物有效性

硒是重要的生命元素。高硒和低硒均会引起动物发生各种疾病，硒由土壤进入植物体，通过食物链控制着动物的硒营养状况，因此研究硒的土壤化学及其对生物的有效性对维护人类健康和牲畜生产是十分有意义的，本文拟就土壤中硒的含量、形态、有效性影响因素，硒的保健作用和调节措施等方面作一综述。     

Determination of trimethylselenonium iodide, selenomethionine, selenious acid, and selenic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or flame atomic absorption spectrometry

An analytical method has been developed for the determination of selenious acid, selenic acid, trimethylselenonium ion, and selenomethionine. The four selenium compounds were separated by HPLC on a column (25 cm×4 mm I.D.) of the anion-exchanger ESA Anion III with a mobile phase (1.5 ml/min) of 0.0055 M ammonium citrate (pH 5.5). Detection was carried out using an on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) or a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS) as the selenium-specific detector. The chromatographic parameters and the chemical factors affecting the separation of the selenium species were optimized. The four selenium compounds could be separated within 8 minutes. The detection limits of the coupled HPLC–FAAS system were approximately 1 mg Se/l for each compound (100 μl injection), estimated as three times the base-line noise of the chromatograms. More powerful selenium detection was achieved with an ICP-MS. Selenium was measured at m/z 78. To increase the nebulization efficiency, the Meinhard concentric glass nebulizer was replaced by an ultrasonic nebulizer. The ICP-MS signal intensity was increased with the ultrasonic nebulization by a factor of 7 times for selenious acid and 24 to 31 times for trimethylselenonium ion, selenomethionine, and selenic acid compared to that with the Meinhard nebulization. The detection limits achieved by the HPLC–ICP-MS with the ultrasonic nebulization were 0.08 μg Se/l for trimethylselenonium ion, 0.34 μg Se/l for selenious acid, 0.18 μg Se/l for selenomethionine, and 0.07 μg Se/l for selenic acid, respectively.     

Measurement of total selenium and selenium(IV) in seawater by stripping chronopotentiometry

We developed a stripping chronopotentiometric method (constant current stripping analysis, CCSA) with a mercury film electrode for selenium quantification in seawater. A sensitivity and detection limit of 222 ms ng^–1 l and 4 ng l^–1 (50 pM), respectively, were accomplished for a 3-min electrolysis time. Compared to the other chronopotentiometric methods available for a single selenium measurement only in natural waters, our procedure exhibits a ten times better sensitivity. It, therefore, allows one to reach the current concentration thresholds found in coastal and oceanic waters (30–200 ng l^–1). Moreover, a simple change in operating conditions enables one to also quantify Se(IV), a toxic dissolved species. With respect to the other electrochemical methods of current use, our procedure is beneficial because of its ease-of-use: it needs neither degassing step, nor catalyser.     

The first example of α-organoseleno arsonium ylides and its Wittig-type reaction

α-Organoseleno arsonium ylide 3 was synthesized for the first time by a phenylselenenylation-transylidation reaction. It has sufficient activity to carry out the Wittig-type reaction, affording a novel method for the stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-α-phenyl-seleno-α, β-unsaturated esters 6.     

Effects of interfering elements and chemical modifier on the activation energy of electrothermal atomization of selenium

In order to obtain additional insight into the mechanism of stabilization of selenium by palladium modification and to investigate the interference mechanism of Na, K, Mg and Ca on selenium atomization, the appearance temperature and the activation energy of atomization of selenium with or without the presence of the modifier and with or without the presence of the concomitant element, have been evaluated and discussed.     

2,3—二氨基萘荧光光度法测定湘泉酒所用水源中的硒

在ｐＨ１．５－２．０酸性溶液中２，３－二氨基萘选择性与四价硒离子反应，生成４，５－苯并基硒脑绿色荧光物质，用环已烷萃取，其荧光强度与Ｓｅ＾４＋的含量成正比，可定量测定硒的含量。     

Bridging Nonaselenium Ring in [Se9(IrBr3)2], and Three Modifications of the Mononuclear Complex [IrBr3(SeBr2)3]

The reaction of iridium powder with an excess of selenium and SeBr₄ yielded lustrous, vermillion crystals of the mononuclear iridium complex [IrBr₃(SeBr₂)₃]. The transition metal is coordinated octahedrally by three SeBr₂ and three bromide ligands with facial or meridional configuration. Three different modifications were obtained under similar conditions: a‐fac‐IrBr₃(SeBr₂)₃, space group P$\bar{1}$ , with a = 789.4(1) pm, b = 830.4(1) pm, c = 1334.4(1) pm, α = 81.634(5)°, β = 84.948(5)°, γ = 67.616(4)°; m‐fac‐IrBr₃(SeBr₂)₃, space group P2₁/n, with a = 1205.3(1) pm, b = 962.4(1) pm, c = 1383.9(1) pm, β = 91.114(3)°; mer‐IrBr₃(SeBr₂)₃, space group P2₁/n with a = 859.7(1) pm, b = 1284.3(1) pm, c = 1437.5(1) pm, β = 94.427(3)°. A lower bromine content in the starting composition resulted in shiny, deep‐red crystals of [Se₉(IrBr₃)₂]. X‐ray diffraction on a single‐crystal revealed a tetragonal lattice (space group I4₁/a) with a = 1245.4(1) pm and c = 2486.8(1) pm at 296(1) K. In the [Se₉(IrBr₃)₂] complex, a crown‐shaped uncharged Se₉ ring coordinates two iridium(III) cations as a bridging bis‐tridentate ligand. Three terminal bromide ions complete the distorted octahedral coordination of each transition metal atom.