手性化合物的萃取分离研究进展

综述手性化合物的萃取分离方法,包括亲合萃取分离、配位萃取分离、形成非对映体立体异构体萃取分离、离子交换反应萃取分离、反相胶团萃取分离以及膜萃取分离。中性氨基酸的萃取分离将会成为研究的热点。     

非对称流场流分离技术在纳米材料及生物分子表征方面的应用

场流分离作为一类分离技术可分离、提纯和收集流体中的悬浮物微粒,它是将流体与外场联合作用于待分离物质,利用样品质量、体积和密度等性质的差异实现分离,然后利用分离物质的保留性质来确定样品颗粒粒径及分布、分子量等性质。其中非对称流场流分离能够提供连续的、高分辨率的分离,近年来越来越受到科研人员的欢迎。本文介绍了场流分离的分类及其原理,重点介绍了非对称流场流分离的原理及其应用,包括非对称流场流分离的影响因素及与其他分离技术的比较;最后总结了该技术的发展趋势。     

毛细管电泳分析中手性化合物的定性检测

毛细管电泳（CE）作为一种新型分离分析技术,具有分离效率高、分析速度快、样品用量少、分离模式灵活多样等众多优势,在手性物质分离等领域应用广泛。在以往的工作中,手性化合物的CE分离模式、手性拆分剂选择及提高分离度等研究已作了详尽报道,而成功分离后的手性物质定性、对映体出峰顺序确认等问题也至关重要。该文以CE手性化合物分离分析中是否依赖标准品分类,及其定性检测方法进行了总结。     

自由流电泳及其应用研究进展

对自由流电泳的分离原理、分离模式、影响分离的因素和条件以及自由流电泳仪器的发展进行了介绍,对近年来自由流电泳在离子、小分子和微粒分离,多肽和蛋白质分离,细胞和细胞器分离,药物对映体分离,微芯片装置以及蛋白质组学等方面应用研究的进展进行了综述。引用文献73篇。     

外加场分离技术与微流控技术联用在微纳尺度物质分离中的研究进展

微纳尺度物质的分离和分选在精准医学、材料科学和单细胞分析等研究中至关重要。精准、高效和快速的分离微纳尺度物质能够为癌症的早期诊断、生物样品检测和细胞筛选提供重要帮助,其中基于外加场分离技术的分离微纳尺度物质因可以对微纳尺度物质高效在线分离和分选,被广泛应用于微纳米颗粒、外泌体以及生物细胞的分离工作中,而目前多数外加场分离技术存在装备繁琐和样品消耗大等问题。微流控技术是一种通过制作微通道和微流控芯片操纵微小流体对微纳尺度样品组分进行分离的技术,因具有快速检测、高通量、在线分离、集成性高、成本低等优势现被应用于微纳尺度物质分离分析中,是一种微纳尺度物质分离的有效方法,通过在微流控芯片上设计不同的通道及外部配件提高主动场对微纳尺度物质分离效率。外加场分离技术与微流控技术联用可以实现微纳尺度物质的无损、高效、在线分离。该综述主要概述了近年来在微流控芯片上依托流动场、电场、磁场及声场等外加场分离技术来提高对微纳尺度物质分离效率的研究现状,并将各个外力场对单细胞、微颗粒等微纳尺度物质的分离进行分类介绍,总结各自的优缺点及发展应用,最后展望了外加场分离技术与微流控技术联用在应用于癌细胞的早期筛查、精确分离微尺度物质领域的未来发展前景,并提出联用技术的优势和未来应用等。     

原油中环烷酸的分离与分析方法研究进展

综述原油中环烷酸的分离与分析方法。分离方法包括化学反应分离、吸附分离以及利用某些金属氧化物或过渡金属盐络合物分离的方法等。分析方法主要叙述了质谱分析法。     

中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所分离分析科学技术研究室甘肃省天然药物重点实验室

简介中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所分离分析科学技术研究室/甘肃省天然药物重点实验室是集基础研究与应用研究于一体的高技术科研机构。基础学科属分析化学领域,主要研究方向有分离分析科学,天然药物化学,分子识别化学等。研究内容重点涉及现代分离理论、分离机理、分离新模式;分离分析用新材     

分子筛材料在小分子吸附分离中的应用

吸附分离技术与工艺在工业上具有重要意义. 常见的吸附剂包括沸石分子筛、 金属有机框架材料、 活性炭等材料. 分子筛具有比表面积大、 稳定性高、 生产成本低等优势, 可以满足吸附分离技术中高效、 节能和环保的需求, 是一种非常有应用前景的小分子混合物分离吸附剂. 本文综合评述了吸附分离领域中常用的吸附剂材料的特点和吸附分离机理与评价方法, 总结了分子筛在空气分离、 烃类分离、 二氧化碳吸附、 芳香硫化物脱除、 一氧化碳吸附、 氮氧化物吸附、 氢气储存吸附及氢同位素分离等领域的应用, 并对基于分子筛膜的小分子混合物分离现状进行了介绍. 此外, 本文还系统分析了分子筛对不同混合物的吸附分离性能与其拓扑结构、 骨架组成及改性方法之间的关系, 并对未来的研究前景进行了展望.     

基于磁泳的生物分离分析技术

利用磁场诱导的微粒运动即磁泳对磁响应性粒子进行精细分离，是近年来发展起来的选择性分离细胞和高分子量核酸的有效技术。本文在阐明磁泳分离原理的基础上，介绍了磁泳分离的分流薄层分级技术、四极磁场流动分离技术和微芯片上的自由流磁泳分离技术的装置构造、工作原理及其在生物分离分析中的应用。     

pH区带逆流色谱研究进展

pH区带逆流色谱是在逆流色谱基础上发展起来的一种新型制备型分离技术。利用物质解离常数和疏水性的不同进行分离,具有分离量大、分离效果好等优点,应用领域比较广泛;简单介绍了该技术的分离原理及分类,并对该技术在氨基酸衍生物、肽衍生物、染料、生物碱和异构体等分离纯化中的应用及其改进方向进行了较为全面的总结,展望了其发展前景。     

Ultra-short columns for low-pressure ion chromatography.

Since the development of low-pressure ion chromatography (LPIC), many inorganic cations and anions as well as organic acids could be analyzed at a low-pressure of 1.96 x 10(5)-2.94 x 10(5) Pa. And the ultra-short columns took the place of the common long chromatographic columns. Furthermore, the ultra-short columns of LPIC not only reduced the system pressure appreciably, but also achieved high sensitivity and precision. In order to assess the characteristics of the super-short columns, much analysis, i.e., the analysis of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition-metals, rare-earth elements, inorganic anions and organic acids as well as the common amino acids, were conducted. Moreover, excellent results were obtained from the LPIC columns.     

Comparison of Reversed Stationary Phases for the Chromatographic Separation of Inorganic Analytes Using Hydrophobic Ion Mobile Phase Additives

Abstract

Alkyl-modified silica (RSi) and polystyrenedivinylbenzene (PRP-1) stationary phases are compared for the chromatographic separation of inorganic analyte anions and cations using hydro-phobic ions of opposite charge as mobile phase additives. Tetra-alkylammonium salts were used for anion separations and alkyl sulfonate salts for cation separations. Two major equilibria influence the retention of analyte ions on PRP-1. These are: retention of the hydrophobic ion on PRP-1 and an ion exchange selectivity between the hydrophobic counterion and the analyte ion. When using RSi retention is also influenced by ion exchange at residual silanol groups, which act as weak cation exchange sites. Mobile and stationary phase variables that influence analyte retention are identified. Optimization of these provides favorable eluting conditions for the separation of inorganic ionic analytes. Of particular interest is the potential use of PRP-1 and RSi columns for the separation of inorganic cations; conditions for the separation of alkali metals and alkaline earths are discussed.     

Developments in ion chromatography using monolithic columns

The focus of this review is on current status and on-going developments in ion chromatography (IC) using monolithic phases. The use and potential of both silica and polymeric monoliths in IC is discussed, with silica monoliths achieving efficiencies upwards of 10(5) plates/m for inorganic ions in a few minutes or less. Ion exchange capacity can be introduced onto the monolithic columns through the addition of ion interaction reagents to the eluent, coating of the monolith with ionic surfactants or polyelectrolyte latexes, and covalent bonding. The majority of the studies to date have used surfactant-coated columns, but the stability of surfactant coatings limits this approach. Applications of monolithic IC columns to the separation of inorganic anions and cations are tabulated. Finally, a discussion on the recent commercialization of monolithic IC columns and the use of monolithic phases for IC peripherals such as preconcentrator columns, microextractors and suppressors is presented.     

High-Pressure Ion Exchange Chromatography as Applied to the Separation of Complex Biochemical Mixtures

Interest in liquid column chromatography, including ion exchange chromatography, as a separation method has increased markedly in the past few years. Numerous new automated analytical techniques, as well as applications for preparative or production-scale separations, have been developed. This has been particularly true in the areas pertaining to separation and analysis of biochemical mixtures such as physiologic fluids. The recent trend in ion exchange chromatography has been toward achieving two goals: high-resolution analysis in the case of complex mixtures, and high-speed separation when simpler mixtures are involved. In either case, the use of small-diameter ion exchange resin particles coupled with high flow rates (and, in some cases, long columns) requires operation at relatively high column inlet pressures, since the pressure drop through the ion exchange column is dependent on factors such as resin particle size, flow rate, and column length.     

Polymer coated cation exchanger in ion chromatography: preparation, properties and applications

Summary Stationary phases synthesized by polymer-coating of silica gel were investigated for the separation of cations by ion chromatography. Two kinds of polymer coating (polystyrene, polyglycidylmethacrylate) with sulphonic acid cation-exchange groups on various silica gels were prepared. These low capacity strong acid cation-exchangers were applied to determine alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in tap and mineral water, and grape juice samples. The IC-results were compared with those of AAS-measurement and of EDTA-titration of alkali metals and of alkaline earth metals, respectively.     

整体柱离子色谱的研究进展

该文介绍了离子色谱的分类,整体柱的分类、制备及特点,并以此为依据归纳总结了常规整体柱在离子色谱中的应用和毛细管整体柱在毛细管离子色谱中的应用,其中包括硅胶基质整体柱和聚合物基质整体柱,评述并展望了整体柱离子色谱的发展前景.     

Chiral separation using capillary electromigration techniques based on ligand exchange principle

Over the last couple of decades, researchers have developed diverse chiral separation methods emerged from a few chiral separation principles. This review article is primarily focused on the application of chiral ligand-exchange (CLE) principle in capillary electromigration techniques, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). First, the most commonly used CLE-CZE separation mode by using different kinds of central ions, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), borate ion, and other metal ions, has been introduced. Meanwhile, several kinds of surfactants have been applied as the micelle-forming agents in the CLE micellar electrokinetic chromatography mode. The highlight of recent research of CLE-CEC is the exploitation of novel columns for chiral separation. Then, two kinds of capillary columns, packed capillary and monolithic capillary column, have been briefly described. Finally, the effective application of these chiral separation methods has been presented, including the application in life science and food analysis area.     

Preparation of a weak anion exchange/hydrophobic interaction dual‐function mixed‐mode chromatography stationary phase for protein separation using click chemistry

In this study, 3‐diethylamino‐1‐propyne was covalently bonded to the azide‐silica by a click reaction to obtain a novel dual‐function mixed‐mode chromatography stationary phase for protein separation with a ligand containing tertiary amine and two ethyl groups capable of electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction functionalities, which can display hydrophobic interaction chromatography character in a high‐salt‐concentration mobile phase and weak anion exchange character in a low‐salt‐concentration mobile phase employed for protein separation. As a result, it can be employed to separate proteins with weak anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction modes, respectively. The resolution and selectivity of the stationary phase were evaluated in both hydrophobic interaction and ion exchange modes with standard proteins, respectively, which can be comparable to that of conventional weak anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography columns. Therefore, the synthesized weak anion exchange/hydrophobic interaction dual‐function mixed‐mode chromatography column can be used to replace two corresponding conventional weak anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography columns to separate proteins. Based on this mixed‐mode chromatography stationary phase, a new off‐line two‐dimensional liquid chromatography technology using only a single dual‐function mixed‐mode chromatography column was developed. Nine kinds of tested proteins can be separated completely using the developed method within 2.0 h.     

Column selection for comprehensive multidimensional ion chromatography

This paper discusses the selection of ion chromatography (IC) columns for use in comprehensive multidimensional ion chromatography (IC x IC). First, a single number was determined for a wide range of anions (one number for each anion) using the linear solvent strength model. These numbers were then used to compare the column selectivity characteristics for five different columns. Principal component analysis was used to illustrate selectivity differences between columns. Dionex AS16 and AS20 columns were selected for use in the development of an IC x IC method for the separation of ten anions. To achieve the required speed of analysis in both the first and second separation dimensions, custom column lengths were packed in-house. The use of an eluent suppressor between the first and second columns permits a relatively low flow ratio regime of only <1:20 in the first and second dimensions, respectively, which reduces dilution effects common in comprehensive multidimensional LC. Selection of the second dimension eluent conditions was aided by the development of a spreadsheet based on the linear solvent strength model.     

Metal ion separations using cellulose phosphate as an ion-exchanger

Cellulose phosphate is used as a chelating ion-exchanger to effect the separation of several metal ions. Its exchange rate is much more rapid than that of a chelating ion-exchanger containing phosphonic acid groups on a polystyrene matrix. Weight distribution coefficients as a function of hydrogen ion concentration on cellulose phosphate are given for several metal ions. Successful separations of rare earths and alkaline earths, alkaline earths and alkali metals and aluminium and alkaline earths have been achieved on cellulose phosphate columns.