气相色谱微波诱导等离子体原子发射光谱检测器对C,P,Si,Sn,B和I元素的响应特性的研究

以微波诱导等离子体作为气相色谱的原子发射光谱检测器,在优化实验参数的基础上,考察了该检测器对有机化合物中的C,P,Si,Sn,B和I元素的响应特性(检出限、线性范围和精密度)。结果表明:该检测器在仪器成本、功率消耗和气体消耗等方面明显优于气相色谱-电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱检测器(GC-ICP-AED)。对各元素测定的检出限优于GC-ICP-AED约1个数量级,尤其适合于B和I元素的测定。通过对不同种类有机化合物中碳元素相对响应值的测定,初步探讨了该等离子体光源对有机化合物的碎片原子化程度及其规律以及     

气相色谱用氩微波等离子体炬发射光谱检测器——对Sn,P,Si和B金属有机化合物响应特性的研究

报道了一种气相色谱用氩微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱检测器(GC-MPT-AED),以氩气为载气、等离子体工作气和尾吹气,探讨了不同气体作等离子体清洗气和屏蔽气时对Sn,P,Si,B等元素响应特性的影响.研究了系统对Sn,P,Si,B等元素的检出限、线性范围和精密度,并对乐果乳油中磷元素的含量进行了测定.     

气相色谱-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱检测器及其响应特性的研究

报道了一种气相色谱用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱检测器(GC-MPT-AED),以氩气为载气和等离子体工作气体,氧气为清洗气和屏蔽气,研究了MPT-AED对有机化合物中碳元素的响应特性,探讨了氧气作为GC-MPT-AED屏蔽气对碳元素检测性能的影响.     

用于气相色谱的微波等离子体原子发射光谱检测器的发展

分别介绍和评价了用于气相色谱的微波诱导等离子体、电容耦合微波等离子体和微波等离子体炬等3种微波等离子体原子发射光谱检测器的发展、应用以及局限性。对用于气相色谱的微波等离子体原子发射光谱检测器的发展作了展望。     

气相色谱-微波等离子体炬双检测器及其气相色谱的响应特性

提出并建立了气相色谱-微波等离子体炬(MPT)原子发射光谱和离子化双检测器系统. 以Ar气作为等离子体工作气体, O2气作为等离子体屏蔽气体, 同时获得了被测组分的原子发射和离子化信息, 并对不同种类有机化合物的相对响应系数及检出限进行了测定.     

气相色谱-微波等离子体发射光谱研究——Ⅱ.元素响应值与化合物结构的关系

微波诱导等离子体发射光谱(MIP-AES)是一种气相色谱可进行多元素同时检测的选择性检测器。本文以烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、多核芳烃、醇等同系物系列,含有饱和烃和不饱和烃(烷烃、烯烃、多核芳烃)的混合物,含氧化合物,各种氯代有机物、溴代有机物等类型的化合物为代表,考察了化合物结构对气相色谱-微波等离子体发射光谱(GC-MIP)的碳、氢、氯、溴等元素响应值的影响以及微波输入功率对元素响应值的影响。     

气相色谱-微波等离子体发射光谱研究Ⅱ颍．元素响应值与化合物结构的关系

]微波诱导等离子体发射光谱(MIP-AES)是一种气相色谱可进行多元素同时检测的选择性检测器。本文以烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、多核芳烃、醇等同系物系列，含有饱和烃和不饱和烃（烷烃、烯烃、多核芳烃）的混合物，含氧化合物，各种氯代有机物、溴代有机物等类型的化合物为代表，考察了化合物结构对气相色谱-微波等离子体发射光谱(GC-MIP)的碳、氢、氯、溴等元素响应值的影响以及微波输入功率对元素响应值的影响。     

气相色谱-微波等离子体发射光谱研究Ⅱ颍．元素响应值与化合物结构的关系

 ]微波诱导等离子体发射光谱(MIP-AES)是一种气相色谱可进行多元素同时检测的选择性检测器。本文以烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、多核芳烃、醇等同系物系列，含有饱和烃和不饱和烃（烷烃、烯烃、多核芳烃）的混合物，含氧化合物，各种氯代有机物、溴代有机物等类型的化合物为代表，考察了化合物结构对气相色谱-微波等离子体发射光谱(GC-MIP)的碳、氢、氯、溴等元素响应值的影响以及微波输入功率对元素响应值的影响。     

气相色谱—微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱检测器及其响应 …

报道了一种气相谱用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱检测器，以氩气为载气和等离子体工作气体，氧气为清洗气和屏蔽气，研究了ＭＰ－ＴＡＥＤ对有机化合物中碳元素的响应特性，探讨了氧气作为ＧＣ－ＭＰＴ－ＡＥＤ屏蔽气对碳元素检测性能的影响。     

常压氦微波等离子体发射光谱作气相色谱元素选译性检测器系统的评价

在2450兆赫操作的微波感生氦等离子体发射光谱可以对元素进行选择性检测,如果维持等离子体的氦气由气相色谱仪流出的载气来充当,它便可作为气相色谱的元素选择性检测器。国外已成功地用于各种类型样品的分析,近年来国内也已开始建立了气相色谱-减压氦微波等离子体发射光谱联用系统,并对该系统在定量分析和含氧化合     

Jod-spezifischer Detektor für einen Gas-Chromatographen

The In-flame detector earlier applied to the specific chlorine (359.9 nm) and bromine (372.7 nm) analysis has now been employed for the iodine determination at 409.9 nm. It is shown that the resolution power of a GC column can be improved by such a specific detector. After calibration quantitative measurements of the iodine contents of the GC fractions are possible. The detection limits are 0.01–1.4 μg of iodine.     

An atmospheric-pressure,argon-afterglow detector for gas chromatography

The development of an atmospheric-pressure argon-afterglow, produced from an ozonizer-type discharge tube, for element-selective, multielement detection in gas chromatography is described. Characteristic atomic emission is observed from chlorine, bromine, iodine, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus in organic compounds, with limits of detection ranging from 0.02 ng for phosphorus to 20 ng for bromine. Element-selective detection for several pesticides is demonstrated.     

气相色谱/原子发射检测法测定毒死蜱中的杂质

 利用气相色谱 /原子发射检测 (GC/AED)法 ,并通过元素内标测定 ,对农药毒死蜱产品分别进行碳 (4 96nm和193nm)、氯 (4 79nm)和硫 (181nm)等通道的选择性定量检测。根据检测结果及由气相色谱 /质谱 (GC/MS)测得的分子结构式 ,分别计算杂质的质量分数。由此可知 ,各组分从不同通道得到的定量结果比较接近 ,对杂质的最大相对误差不超过 5 8%。在无纯物质作标样的条件下 ,该方法比气相色谱 /火焰离子化检测 (GC/FID)面积归一化法更为可靠 ,可作为对农药及其他复杂有机混合物准确、方便的定量方法。     

Pesticide residue analysis in foodstuffs applying capillary gas chromatography with atomic emission detection State-of-the-art use of modified multimethod S19 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and automated large-volume injection with programmed-temperature vaporization and solvent venting

Atomic emission detection (AED) provides high element-specific detection of all compounds amenable to gas chromatography (GC). The heteroatoms nitrogen, chlorine, phosphorus, sulfur, bromine and fluorine, which are important elements in pesticide residue analysis, are of major interest. A main drawback of AED is its lower sensitivity with respect to other selective detection methods used in pesticide residue analysis such as electron-capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection. This holds true especially for the important nitrogen trace. For this reason, more sensitive detection can be achieved by injection of larger volumes or higher concentrations of sample extracts, because matrix compounds were usually registered only in the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen traces. This paper focuses on recent developments from the authors' laboratory in order to demonstrate the feasibility of screening analyses with the identification of pesticide residues down to the 0.01 ppm concentration level in plant foodstuffs. This has been achieved by means of automated large volume injection with programmed-temperature vaporization and solvent venting as well as careful optimization of make-up and reactant gases with AED. Clean up follows the principle of multimethod S19 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in a reduced procedure. After elimination of lipids and waxes by gel permeation chromatography, extracts from 10 g of the food samples were concentrated to 200 μl, of which 12.5 μl were introduced into the GC-AED system. Two analyses were usually performed with the element traces of sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon in the first run and chlorine and bromine in the second run. Fluorine and oxygen were not detected in any screening analyses. The method has proved to be of great value especially with “problem foodstuffs”. The limits of detection were determined for 385 pesticides and are presented together with their retention data.     

Relationship among iodine, bromine and chlorine concentrations in cow's milk in Japan

In order to know the relationship among some elements in biological materials, iodine, bromine and chlorine concentrations in cow's milk samples in Japan were determined by the thermal neutron activation analysis using a low power research reactor and a Van de Graaff accelerator. The iodine contents in cow's milk samples ranged from 0.041 to 0.316 ppm with an average of 0.096 ppm. The bromine and chlorine in these samples ranged from 2.3 to 11.1 ppm and from 475 to 1650 ppm, respectively. The average concentration of the bromine was calculated to be 5.6 ppm and that of the chlorine was 853 ppm. The relationship among iodine, bromine and chlorine concentrations in cow's milk samples in Japan was studied with a regression analysis. It was suggested that the correlation has a power function as follows; Y = K(Z)-A where, Y is elemental concentration in ppm, Z is atomic weight [corrected] of element, A (= 7.4) is exponent and K (= 14.7) is a constant.     

Determination of the total amount of organically bound chlorine,bromine and iodine in environmental samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis

The determination of chlorine, bromine and iodine present as non-polar, hydrophobic hydrocarbons in environmental samples is reported. The organohalogen compounds are separated from water into an organic phase by on-site liquid—liquid extraction, and from biological material by procedures based on lipid phase extraction and codistillation. After removal of inorganic halides by washing with water and concentration of the sample by evaporation of the solvent, the resulting extracts are analyzed for their chlorine, bromine and iodine contents by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Strict attention is paid to the possibility of contamination in every step of the procedure. Background values in routine analysis are approximately 100–200 ng of chlorine, <5 ng of bromine and <3 ng of iodine.     

Comparative study of activation analyses for the determination of trace halogens in geological and cosmochemical samples.

Halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine) were determined by activation analyses (neutron activation analysis (NAA), photon activation analysis (PAA) and prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGA)) for geological and cosmochemical solid samples. We studied how each analytical method was for the determination of trace amounts of halogens in rock samples. Radiochemical NAA (RNAA) showed the highest analytical reliability for three halogens (chlorine, bromine and iodine), whereas a set of four halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine) could be determined in principle by radiochemical PAA (RPAA) from a single specimen. Although it is a non-destructive method, PGA showed an analytical sensitivity for chlorine comparable to those of RNAA and RPAA.     

Coulometric determination of sulfur-containing amino acids using halogens as oxidizing titrants

It is found that cysteine and methionine quantitatively react with electrogenerated halogens under the conditions of galvanostatic coulometry. Cysteine reacts with all titrants, and methionine reacts only with chlorine and bromine. The stoichiometric coefficients of reactions between cysteine and halogens are 1:3, 1:3, and 1:1 for chlorine, bromine, and iodine, respectively. These coefficients for methionine reactions with chlorine and bromine are 1:2 and 1:1, respectively. It is shown that cysteine can be selectively determined in its mixtures with methionine by coulometric titration with electrogenerated iodine. It is found that twofold amounts of methionine do not interfere with the determination of cysteine. A procedure is developed for the direct coulometric determination of methionine in tablets with a relative standard deviation of 3–5%.     

Determination of non-metallic elements by capacitively coupled helium microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry with capillary gas chromatography

A capacitively coupled microwave helium plasma with a tubular tantalum electrode was evaluated as an element selective detector for gas chromatography (GC). The end of a 10-m bonded fused capillary column was directly inserted into the tubular electrode without any switching system. A heated copper tube was used to house the part of the GC column that protruded from the oven. The optimisation of operating parameters, line selection, background emission and horizontal and vertical observation position is described. Analytical figures of merit including sensitivity, reproducibility, signal to background ratio, selectivity, dynamic range and limit of detection (LOD), were evaluated for carbon, hydrogen, chlorine and bromine emission. Limits of detection in the low ng range (20 pmol) were obtained for halogenated compounds using carbon emission, whereas LODs in the 0.1 micrograms range (2 nmol) were obtained using chlorine or bromine emission lines.     

5- and 7-substituted 2-methyl-8-quinolinols

The synthesis and characterization of the 5- and 7-monosubstituted 2-methyl-8-quinolinols where the substituents are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitro, amino, and sulfonic acid groups were carried out. The bischelates with copper(II) of those ligands containing hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and nitro are also reported.