热稳定单原子催化剂的理性构筑:从原子级结构到实际应用

80%以上的工业生产过程涉及催化,如化工生产、能源转换、制药和废物处理等等.催化剂的使用显著提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本,为国民经济、地球环境和人类文明的可持续发展做出了很大贡献.为了满足日益增长的生产需求和最大的经济效益,开发高效、稳定、低成本的新型催化剂已成为当务之急.金属中心负载在载体上的负载型金属催化剂因其较好的催化活性和相对较低的金属用量而受到广泛关注.研究发现,负载型结构可增强传热和传质并增加活性金属中心的分散度,从而影响催化性能.此外,负载金属的颗粒尺寸对催化剂的性能有很大影响.迄今为止,科学家们一直在通过减小金属颗粒尺寸和提高原子利用效率来提高催化剂的活性.原子级尺寸的颗粒通常表现出与大尺寸颗粒显着不同的物理和化学性质,而当活性位点的尺寸缩小到单个原子时,单原子催化剂的概念应运而生.对于单原子催化剂,金属原子中心通过配位被载体中的缺陷锚定,从而调整金属原子的电子云分布.这种配位调整使得单原子催化剂拥有与传统催化剂不同的性能.作为催化领域的新前沿,单原子催化剂已经在许多催化反应中表现出前所未有的活性和选择性.然而,许多报道的单原子催化剂在高温环境或长期催化应用中容易受到奥斯特瓦尔德熟化过程的影响,从而导致催化剂烧结和失活.而烧结的原因在于金属原子和载体之间较弱的相互作用.失活催化剂的再生和回收将大大增加工业生产的时间和经济成本.因此,开发具有优异热稳定性的单原子催化剂以满足工业需求是十分必要的.本综述首先总结了近年来关于热稳定型单原子催化剂合成方法的基础研究,并从原子尺度上分析了这些方法所构建的金属中心的结构形态和配位环境.此外,结合近些年的研究中新的表征技术与理论计算手段解释了热稳定性的来源.重点讨论了热稳定单原子催化剂的实际催化应用.分析了热稳定单原子催化剂在热催化应用中的独特作用机理、并尝试为确定催化过程中真正的活性中心以及通过原子级调控手段进行高活性热稳定单原子催化剂的合成提供理论指导.最后总结了热稳定单原子催化剂发展的主要问题,并简要分析了单原子催化领域的研究挑战和发展前景.     

单原子催化的最新进展

单原子催化剂由于其自身兼具均相催化剂的"孤立活性位点"和多相催化剂易于循环使用的特点,近年来受到了广泛关注.本综述概括了2015至2016年单原子催化领域的重要进展,重点介绍了新的催化剂制备方法、单原子金催化剂在CO氧化中的进展、单原子钯/铂催化的选择性加氢反应以及铂或非贵金属单原子催化剂在电化学中的应用等.在催化剂的合成方面,用传统的湿化学方法制备的单原子催化剂通常金属负载量较低,使得催化剂的常规表征比较困难.最近发展的一系列新型合成方法例如原子层沉积法、高温蒸汽转移法、光介还原法以及热解法等制备M?N?C等非贵金属催化剂等,尽管有不同程度的局限性,但均可以成功制备高负载量的单原子催化剂.单原子催化剂的载体得到了拓展,除传统的金属氧化物外,金属有机框架材料和二维材料等均被用于单原子催化剂的制备.在单原子催化剂的应用方面,金由于较高的电负性和与氧的弱相互作用能力,因而与氧化物载体作用较弱,不易形成单原子催化剂.但近期报道了成功制备的单原子金催化剂,在CO氧化反应、乙醇脱氢和二烯加氢反应中都有不错的进展.本文还介绍了铂和钯单原子(合金)催化剂在加氢反应中的优异活性及选择性,表明了单原子催化剂在选择性上的优势.将一种金属掺杂到另一种金属基底中制备的单原子合金催化剂也因其特异的性能备受关注.此外,对于化工生产中典型的均相催化反应,如氢甲酰化,单原子催化剂在无外加膦配体的情况下表现出高活性的同时还能很好地控制化学选择性,甚至达到令人满意的区域选择性,从实验上证明了单原子催化剂有望作为沟通均相催化和多相催化的桥梁.单原子催化剂在电催化和光催化中也得到了快速发展.铂单原子催化剂因其高原子利用率和高稳定性,在析氢反应和氧还原反应中有着良好的应用前景.另一方面,非贵金属特别是Co单原子催化剂在光电催化中因其优异的活性和巨大潜力得到了较深入的研究.除了上述进展,单原子催化领域还有许多基本问题需要继续深入研究,对单原子催化剂更加全面透彻的认识将为设计发展新型催化体系,扩展单原子催化领域提供指导和借鉴.     

贵金属单原子催化剂的制备及其在CO、VOCs完全氧化反应中的应用北大核心CSCD

为有效提高负载型催化剂中贵金属的原子利用效率,贵金属单原子催化剂逐渐成为一个研究热点和前沿课题.我们针对单原子催化剂在催化氧化领域中的应用,综述了几种贵金属单原子催化剂的典型制备方法,包括原子层沉积法、湿法化学法、光化学辅助法、热解法等,并讨论了上述方法的优缺点.此外,对比传统贵金属负载型催化剂,我们重点讨论了贵金属基单原子催化剂在CO催化氧化、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)催化氧化、催化机理等催化氧化过程中的最新研究进展,尤其是贵金属基单原子催化剂在低温低浓度催化氧化过程中表现出的优异催化活性、抗水性和抗毒性,表明该类催化剂具备极大的工业应用潜力.最后,进一步从大规模工业应用角度探讨了单原子催化剂目前面临的挑战和可能的解决办法,期望可以为应用于催化氧化过程的高效、稳定的单原子催化剂的设计提供思路.     

非贵金属单原子催化剂的进展与展望

由于良好的催化活性和稳定性,贵金属催化剂已经被广泛应用于各种异相催化反应中,但是贵金属的稀有性和高成本无法满足未来日益增长的催化需求.2011年,张涛课题组成功地制备了高效、稳定的铂单原子催化剂.高效的单原子催化剂利用单个活性位点作为催化活性中心,可能会成为连接同相催化和异相催化的桥梁.然而从经济适用的长远角度考虑,将非贵金属催化剂缩小到原子尺度是否也会展现出优良的催化活性;是否有潜力替代目前已被广泛应用的贵金属催化剂?虽然现阶段非贵金属催化剂的催化性能仍无法达到贵金属催化剂的标准,但是已有相关研究从理论和实验上报道了非贵金属单原子催化剂及其优异的性能表明了其在未来发展中极其重要,因而,可以预见这两个疑问的答案都是肯定的.单原子概念的出现不仅为提高贵金属的催化性能及成本的降低指明了方向,同时也为制备具有高催化活性、甚至可与贵金属催化剂相媲美的非贵金属催化剂提供了可能性.我们在上述背景下,阐述了对单原子的概念日益加深的机制认知,并从理论和实验上概述了非贵金属单原子催化剂近期的发展情况,指出了目前的在单原子催化剂领域需要解决的一些问题,最后,针对研究现状,我们对未来单原子的发展提出了相应的展望.单原子催化剂具有较高的表面能,因而,如何寻找合适的基体与单原子相互作用,进而,使基体材料像一只手一样稳固地"抓紧"单原子,因而,降低其高表面能则是发挥优良催化性能的基础.强金属–基体相互作用(SMSI)不仅可以将单原子限制在基体表面,亦会影响整个催化过程.目前应用于单原子催化剂的基体种类很多,如金属氧化物、金属以及其他材料,而对SMSI认知则主要分两大类,一类是源自于基体表面的结构缺陷,另一类是源于其电子缺陷.从目前的发展状况来看SMSI机制仍有很多疑惑尚未解决,例如对电子转移影响的认知等.理论研究表明,在某些反应中非贵金属单原子展示出可替代贵金属的催化性质.比如,在一氧化碳优先反应(PROX)中,单原子钴和钛展示出的催化性能可与贵金属相媲美;理论计算同样证明单原子镍在一氧化碳还原中的催化活性比单原子铱优秀,甚至与单原子铂类似.大量的实验进展也报道了非贵金属单原子同样能在其他反应中展现出优异的性能,如氧析出反应(OER)、氢析出反应(HER)和氧还原反应(ORR).对于单原子催化剂,还有很多问题需要我们去解决,例如基体对于催化过程的具体影响、非贵金属的电子结构对于其催化性能的影响,以及单原子在基体上产生相互作用的位点等问题.纵然有许多问题需要更加深入的研究,但是单原子概念的出现,使得非贵金属催化剂材料取代传统贵金属催化剂成为了可能.     

单原子材料在二氧化碳催化中的技术经济分析与产业化应用前景

近年来, 随着科学研究的不断深入, 单原子催化剂由于具有高活性与高选择性等突出特点被广泛挖掘和应用. 作为连接多相与均相催化的桥梁, 单原子催化剂已经成为催化领域的重要研究对象之一, 具有广泛的工业化应用前景. 本文对单原子催化剂的发展历程、 特点及其在不同领域的应用进行了概括, 综合评述了当前CO₂还原领域的技术经济分析, 并首次对单原子材料催化转化CO₂进行了技术经济分析与计算. 最后, 对单原子催化剂在CO₂还原领域中工业化应用的未来发展方向及亟需解决的关键科学和技术问题进行了展望, 以期推动单原子催化材料的进一步广泛应用.     

单原子催化剂在光催化二氧化碳还原中的研究进展

通过光催化技术将二氧化碳转化成增值的含碳化学品或燃料是解决能源危机和温室效应的一种可持续性方法. 开发高效、 廉价及高稳定性的光催化剂是提高光催化二氧化碳还原(CO₂RR)效率所面临的一大挑战. 单原子催化剂由于具有原子利用率高及电子环境可调等特性而在催化领域被广泛研究. 在光催化二氧化碳还原中, 金属单原子的加入不仅可调节光催化剂的能带结构及吸光性能等物理性质, 还可以有效提高其光生电荷转移效率, 并为研究光催化反应机理提供理想的平台. 近年来, 单原子光催化剂在二氧化碳还原领域的研究发展迅速. 本文综合评述了单原子催化剂在光还原二氧化碳反应中的研究进展, 介绍了不同载体的单原子催化剂的典型研究成果, 并展望了未来的研究趋势.     

MXene基单原子催化剂的制备及其在电催化中的应用

单原子催化剂具有高原子利用率、高催化活性和高选择性等优点,兼具了均相催化剂“独立活性位点”和非均相催化剂“易循环利用”的特点,有效解决贵金属昂贵稀少的缺陷。其中载体不仅能影响单原子的稳定性,还影响其电子结构,从而影响催化性能。作为一种新型二维无机材料,MXene具有比表面积大、带隙可调、导电性好和螯合位丰富等特点,是制备单原子催化剂的理想载体材料。本文简要总结了MXene的结构特点,综述了MXene基单原子催化剂的制备策略,并着重介绍了MXene基单原子催化剂在电化学能源转换领域的应用,包括析氢反应、氧电极反应、氮还原反应、二氧化碳还原反应,以及在电池储能方面的应用。最后,总结了当前MXene基单原子催化剂在研究和实用方面所面临的挑战与机遇。     

单原子催化——概念、方法与应用

单原子催化体系的成功构建将催化领域研究深入到更小的尺度范围,不仅可以从原子层次认识复杂的多相催化反应,而且由于其优越的催化性能在工业催化中具有巨大的应用潜能。本文基于近年来国内外研究者在单原子催化领域的研究工作,总结归纳了单原子催化剂的性能特征,介绍了单原子催化剂的制备手段、表征技术、理论研究及其在CO氧化、选择性加氢和光电催化等反应中的应用研究进展,分析了单原子催化剂特殊的电子结构对催化性能和反应机理的影响及其作用机制,指出了单原子催化体系在研究领域取得的突破与不足,对于深刻认识单原子催化的概念与原理、完善实验与理论研究方法、拓展应用范围和尽早实现工业应用提出了建议与展望。     

单原子催化剂的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

单原子催化剂兼具均相催化剂的活性中心和多相催化剂结构稳定易分离的特点,是实现统一的"大"催化理论非常重要的突破口。由于其优越的催化性能在工业催化中具有巨大的应用潜力。基于"单原子催化"概念提出以来国内外单原子催化剂的研究进展,以不同的活性组分进行分类对单原子催化剂进行归纳总结。系统地介绍了单原子催化剂的制备方法以及应用研究进展,并展望了单原子催化剂的发展前景,以期对于进一步构筑具有特定结构和催化功能的单原子催化剂的研究起到积极的促进作用。     

光热催化甲烷干重整研究进展

随着工业化的推进,化石能源的消耗产生大量温室气体,其中CH₄和CO₂占据温室气体排放的98%以上。将CH₄和CO₂转化为高附加值化学品具有重要的意义,一直受到工业界和学术界广泛关注。传统的热催化甲烷干重整(DRM)可实现将CH₄和CO₂转化为合成气,但该反应过程受热力学限制,需要很高的能量输入,并且由于反应温度较高,催化剂易发生积碳而失活。绿色环保的光催化技术可以使甲烷干重整反应在温和条件下进行,但是存在太阳光利用率和反应转化率较低等问题。最近光热协同催化受到学术界广泛关注。许多研究结果表明,在相对温和的条件下,光热催化DRM可以获得良好的催化效果,可有效实现太阳能转化为化学能。本文简要介绍近期光热催化甲烷干重整反应的研究进展,总结不同金属催化剂在光热催化甲烷干重整中的应用,同时提出了光热催化甲烷干重整存在的一些挑战及展望。     

石墨烯三维结构组装体制备及光热水蒸发和水处理研究进展

水资源短缺是世界长期面临的问题,当前全球80多个国家的约15亿人口面临淡水不足,其中26个国家的3亿人口完全生活在缺水状态。近年来,人们开发了新型太阳能界面水蒸发材料和技术,能够利用高效光热材料吸收太阳能转化为热能,实现大量的、快速的水蒸发,冷凝后收集便得到洁净水,是一种高效、绿色、低成本水处理和解决水资源短缺的方法。石墨烯三维组装体材料的物理和化学性质优异,光热转化效率高,同时其太阳光吸收率高,内部微纳孔道丰富,具有良好的水传输通道,表面水蒸发面积大,在太阳光照射下能够实现超高的水蒸发速率,在光热水处理方面展现了巨大的科学研究意义和实用价值。本文将综述石墨烯三维组装体的制备及光热水处理方面的研究进展,包括石墨烯三维结构组装体制备方法,其光热水蒸发性能,总结了石墨烯三维结构组装体在光热水蒸发及水处理方面的应用,最后分析了石墨烯三维结构组装体光热水处理面临的问题及展望。     

金属催化剂光热催化CO2还原的研究进展

CO2的过量排放导致温室效应对环境的影响越来越严重,通过电催化、光催化、热催化、光热催化或光电催化将CO2还原成高附加值的化学品是解决CO2排放的有效途径.其中, CO2的光热催化转化是当前的主要研究领域之一.我们对光热催化进行了总结分类:热助光、光助热、光驱热和光热协同催化,并详细介绍相应的催化机理,总结了金属催化剂用于光热催化CO2还原的最新研究进展,最后提出了光热催化面临的挑战与展望.     

氧化物钙钛矿的光催化研究进展：CO2还原、水裂解、固氮

At present, more than 80% of the world's energy demand is fulfilled by the burning of fossil fuels, which has caused the production of a large amount of greenhouse gases, leading to global warming and damage to the environment. The high consumption of fossil fuels every year causes the energy crisis to become increasingly serious. Finding a sustainable and pollution-free energy source is therefore essential. Among all forms of energy sources, solar energy is preferred because of its cleanliness and inexhaustible availability. The energy provided by one year of sunlight is more than 100 times the total energy in known fossil fuel reserves worldwide; however, the extent of solar energy currently used by mankind each year is minute; thus developments in solar energy are imperative. To address the urgent need for a renewable energy supply and to solve environmental problems, a variety of technologies in the field of photocatalysis have been developed. Photocatalytic technology has attracted significant attention because of its superior ability to convert clean solar energy into chemical fuels. Among the photocatalytic materials emerging in an endless stream, perovskite oxide, with the general formula of ABO₃, has great potential in the fields of solar cells and photocatalysis as each site can be replaced by a variety of cations. Furthermore, owing to its unique properties such as high activity, robust stability, and facile structure adjustment, perovskite oxide photocatalysts have been widely used in water decomposition, carbon dioxide reduction and conversion, and nitrogen fixation. In terms of carbon dioxide reduction, oxide perovskites can achieve precise band gap and band edge tuning owing to its long charge diffusion length and flexibility in composition. For the development and utilization of solar energy in the environmental field, perovskite oxide and its derivatives (layered perovskite oxide) are used as photocatalysts for water decomposition and environmental remediation. In terms of nitrogen fixation, the conventional Haber-Bosh process for ammonia synthesis, which has been widely used in the past, requires high temperature and high energy. Therefore, we summarize the recent advances in perovskite oxide photocatalysts for nitrogen fixation from the aspect of activating the adsorbed N₂ by weakening the N $ \equiv $N triple bond, promoting charge separation, and accelerating the charge transfer to the active sites to realize the photochemical reaction. Overall, this review article presents the structure and synthesis of perovskite oxide photocatalysis, focusing on the application of photocatalysis in water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen fixation. This review concludes by presenting the current challenges and future prospects of perovskite oxide photocatalysts.      

Photothermal catalysis for CO2 conversion

The conversion of carbon dioxide into useful fuels or chemical feedstocks is of great importance for achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality. The harvesting and conversion of solar energy will provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source for human production and living. Very recently, photothermal catalysis has been proved to exhibit great advantages in reducing the reaction temperature, promoting the catalytic activity, and manipulating the reaction pathway in comparison with traditional thermal catalysis. In this review, we firstly introduced the fundamental mechanisms and categories of photothermal catalysis to understand the synergy or the difference between photochemical and thermochemical reaction pathways. Subsequently, the criteria and strategies for photothermal catalyst design are discussed in order to inspire the development of high-efficiency photothermal catalytic route by achieving intense absorption of broadband solar energy spectrum and high conversion capability of solar-to-heat. Recent progress in CO₂ reduction achieved by photothermal catalysis was summarized in terms of production types. In the end, the future challenges and perspectives of photothermal catalytic CO₂ reduction are presented. We hope that this review will not only deepen the understanding of photothermal catalysis, but also inspire the design, preparation and application of high-performance photothermal catalysts, aiming at alleviating non-renewable fossil energy consumption and carbon emissions for early carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality.     

单原子配位结构及与载体相互作用的调控用于二氧化碳电催化还原

电催化二氧化碳还原(ECR) 制备高值化学品被认为是在碳中和背景下实现可再生能源存储及降低CO₂浓度的一种有效策略。为了实现此目标,催化剂的开发与设计是ECR研究的关键。单原子催化剂(SACs) 因其独特的电子结构、明确的配位环境和极高的原子利用率,近年来在ECR领域引起了广泛关注。通过调节SACs的中心金属元素种类和局部配位结构,可有效调节SACs对CO₂和其还原中间体的吸附强度和催化活性。本文总结了SACs在ECR领域所取得的最新研究进展,重点讨论了SACs的配位结构及其与载体之间的相互作用对催化活性的影响以及相关调控策略,最后,提出了SACs应用于ECR所面临的机遇与挑战。     

单原子配位结构及与载体相互作用的调控用于二氧化碳电催化还原

The combustion of fossil fuels increases atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations, leading to adverse impacts on the planetary radiation balance and, consequently, on the climate. Fossil fuel utilization has contributed to a marked rise in global temperatures, now at least 1.2 ℃ above 'pre-industrial' levels. To meet the 2015 Paris Agreement target of 1.5 ℃ above pre-industrial levels, considerable efforts are required to efficiently capture and utilize CO₂. Among the different strategies developed for converting CO₂, electrochemical CO₂ reduction (ECR) to valuable chemicals using renewable energy is expected to revolutionize the manufacture of sustainable "green" chemicals, thereby achieving a closed anthropogenic carbon cycle. However, CO₂ is a thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert molecule that requires high electrical energy to bend the linear O＝C＝O bond by attacking the C atom. To facilitate the ECR with good energy efficiency, it is essential to lower the reaction overpotential as well as maintain a high current density and desirable product selectivity; therefore, the design and development of advanced electrocatalysts are crucial. A plethora of heterogeneous and homogeneous materials has been explored in the ECR. Among these materials, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been the focus of most extensive research in the context of ECR. A SAC with isolated metal atoms dispersed on a supporting host exhibits a unique electronic structure, well-defined coordination environment, and an extremely high atom utilization maximum; thus, SACs have emerged as promising materials over the last two decades. Single-atom catalysis has covered the periodic table from d-block and ds-block metals to p-block metals. The types of support materials for SACs, ranging from metal oxides to tailored carbon materials, have also expanded. The adsorption strength and catalytic activity of SACs can be effectively tuned by modulating the central metal and local coordination structure of the SACs. In this article, we discuss the progress made to date in the field of single-atom catalysis for promoting ECR. We provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art SACs for the ECR in terms of product distribution, selectivity, partial current density, and performance stability. Special attention is paid to the modification of SACs to improve the ECR efficiency. This includes tailoring the coordination of the heteroatom, constructing bimetallic sites, engineering the morphologies and surface defects of supports, and regulating surface functional groups. The correlation of the coordination structure of SACs and metal-support interactions with ECR performance is analyzed. Finally, development opportunities and challenges for the application of SACs in the ECR, especially to form multi-carbon products, are presented.     

用于光催化能量转换的Z-型异质结的研究进展

Inspired by the photosynthesis of green plants, various artificial photosynthetic systems have been proposed to solve the energy shortage and environmental problems. Water photosplitting, carbon dioxide photoreduction, and nitrogen photofixation are the main systems that are used to produce solar fuels such as hydrogen, methane, or ammonia. Although conducting artificial photosynthesis using man-made semiconducting materials is an ideal and potential approach to obtain solar energy, constructing an efficient photosynthetic system capable of producing solar fuels at a scale and cost that can compete with fossil fuels remains challenging. Therefore, exploiting the efficient and low-cost photocatalysts is crucial for boosting the three main photocatalytic processes (light-harvesting, surface/interface catalytic reactions, and charge generation and separation) of artificial photosynthetic systems. Among the various photocatalysts developed, the Z-scheme heterojunction composite system can increase the light-harvesting ability and remarkably suppress charge carrier recombination; it can also promote surface/interface catalytic reactions by preserving the strong reductive/oxidative capacity of the photoexcited electrons/holes, and therefore, it has attracted considerable attention. The continuing progress of Z-scheme nanostructured heterojunctions, which convert solar energy into chemical energy through photocatalytic processes, has witnessed the importance of these heterojunctions in further improving the overall efficiency of photocatalytic reaction systems for producing solar fuels. This review summarizes the progress of Z-scheme heterojunctions as photocatalysts and the advantages of using the direct Z-scheme heterojunctions over the traditional type Ⅱ, all-solid-state Z-schemel, and liquid-phase Z-scheme ones. The basic principle and corresponding mechanism of the two-step excitation are illustrated. In particular, applications of various types of Z-scheme nanostructured materials (inorganic, organic, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials) in photocatalytic energy conversion and different controlling/engineering strategies (such as extending the spectral absorption region, promoting charge transfer/separation and surface chemical modification) for enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency in the last five years are highlighted. Additionally, characterization methods (such as sacrificial reagent experiment, metal loading, radical trapping testing, in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photocatalytic reduction experiments, Kelvin probe force microscopy, surface photovoltage spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, and theoretical calculation) of the Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism, and the assessment criteria and methods of the photocatalytic performance are discussed. Finally, the challenges associated with Z-scheme heterojunctions and the possible growing trend are presented. We believe that this review will provide a new understanding of the breakthrough direction of photocatalytic performance and provide guidance for designing and constructing novel Z-scheme photocatalysts.      

基于微生物作为智能模板的电催化剂制备与应用研究进展

通过电催化实现可再生能源的存储与转化对于改善能源结构、保护生态环境、实现碳达峰和碳中和的国家战略具有重大意义。而开发低成本、高效的电催化剂成为全世界科学家共同面对的挑战。微生物在自然界中广泛存在,具有结构、组成和代谢丰富的特点,可以成为电催化剂的模板以及碳、磷、硫等非金属元素以及金属元素的来源,而且具有无毒、生产可重复性好、易于规模化等优点,已成为电催化剂制备的新趋势。对此,本文综述了微生物“智能”引导制备电催化剂的发展及在电催化析氢(HER)、电催化析氧(OER)、氧还原反应(ORR)、二氧化碳还原(CO₂RR)、锂电池(LBs)等领域的应用现状。希望有助于推动微生物代谢与催化剂微纳结构关系以及与催化反应的构效关系的深入理解,最后针对这类材料的问题挑战及其未来发展方向进行了探讨与展望。     

Enhanced photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation with wide-spectrum utilization over black TiO2 supported catalyst

Light-driven conversion of CO₂into chemicals/fuels is a desirable approach for achieving carbon neutrality using clean and sustainable energy.However,its scale-up application is restricted due to insufficient efficiency.Herein,we present a photothermal catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂into CH₄over Ru/black Ti O₂catalysts,aiming to achieve the synergistic use of light and heat in solar energy during CO₂conversion.Owing to the desirable spectral ...