pH值和阴离子对吡啶2,6-二羧酸在金纳米颗粒表面的增强拉曼散射的影响

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)被用于检测细菌芽抱中的一种重要的标志物吡啶2,6-羧酸(DPA).以聚乙烯吡啶烷酮(PVP)为粘合剂,将60 nm的金粒子组装到表面打磨光滑的金电极上,制备稳定、灵敏的SERS基底.通过不同pH值下吸附在金基底上的DPA的SERS特征,考察DPA分子吸附构型发生的变化,并分析酸根离子对其吸附...     

银/金纳米线阵列表面增强拉曼基底的制备及对孔雀石绿的高灵敏度检测

利用种子介导的软模板生长方法制备了金纳米线(Au NWs)阵列, 通过调节生长温度控制Au NWs阵列的形貌, 最后在经硼氢化钠(NaBH₄)清洗过的Au NWs阵列上化学沉积银纳米颗粒(Ag NPs), 制得银/金纳米线(Ag/Au NWs)阵列作为表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底. 选用罗丹明6G(R6G)作为拉曼探针分子测定了Ag/Au NWs阵列的SERS性能. 结果表明, Ag/Au NWs阵列作为SERS基底具有高灵敏度、 优异的信号均匀性和良好的稳定性. 使用Ag/Au NWs阵列对孔雀石绿(MG)检测的检出限可低至1×10^-8 mol/L, 线性范围为 1×10^-8~1×10^-4 mol/L. NaBH₄可以在不影响SERS性能的情况下去除Ag/Au NWs阵列上吸附的分子, 使得 SERS基底可以重复使用. 使用Ag/Au NWs阵列对湖水中的MG进行检测, 得到了可靠的回收率, 证明Ag/Au NWs 阵列在检测环境水体中的孔雀石绿上具有应用潜力.     

基于活性金电极上硫代水杨酸自组装单分子层的电化学表面增强拉曼光谱

采用原位电化学表面增强拉曼光谱(EC-SERS)研究了硫代水杨酸(TSA)吸附在活性Au电极表面的自组装单分子层(SAMs).TSA在活性Au表面的化学吸附及不同酸碱度下的TSA浸饰单层膜的SERS光谱,表明随pH值的增加,峰强呈现2个不同的下降阶段.通过EC-SERS考察不同电富集时间和电位的影响,显示在酸性介质和0.7 V及70 s富集时间下,可以获得最大EC-SERS信号,并随着电位负移,信号逐渐减弱,直至基本消失,表明TSA分子在Au表面排布状态会随外加条件的改变而发生变化.通过计算TSA在不同pH值下的分布分数以及探针分子在不同电位下的增强因子(EF),结合SERS和EC-SERS的变化走势对比,得出TSA在活性Au表面自组装形成单分子层/膜的机理,指出由于TSA不同的电化学吸附取向,以及高负电位下的还原/脱附作用,使得Au表面拉曼活性降低,造成EF显著减小,不可逆地失去了SERS的活性.     

金纳米粒子在氨基表面上的组装-pH值的影响

用原子力显微镜（AFM）和表面增强喇曼光谱（SERS）研究了pH值对金纳米粒子在Au／巯基苯胺自组装膜表面上组装效果的影响．AFM结果表明，金纳米粒子在表面上的覆盖度随pH值表现出规律性的变化，巯基苯胺自组装膜的SERS强度随pH值的变化也有类似的趋势．在磁性环境下，氨基未质子化，金粒子难以组装上，而在酸性条件下，氨基质子化带正电，金粒子与基底容易结合．我们认为金纳米粒子和氨基之间的作用属于静电力，pH值同时影响膜表面氨基的质子化程度和金纳米粒子表面的带电量．     

铬酸根离子的SERS检测及磁分离研究

介绍了一种基于表面增强拉曼光谱技术(SERS)的简单快速检测低浓度铬酸根离子的方法. 通过介质中水与铬酸根离子以及修饰在金基底和金纳米粒子表面的羧酸根形成氢键而构建“巯基苯甲酸-金基底/铬酸根-水/巯基苯甲酸-金纳米粒子”三明治结构. 通过检测标记分子的SERS信号判断溶液中是否存在铬酸根离子. 研究表明标记分子的SERS强度与铬酸根离子的浓度有关, 随浓度增加SERS强度呈非线性增强, 在10^－9 mol/L出现转折点. 利用以上三明治结构, 通过引入功能化的Fe₂O₃@Au核壳磁性纳米粒子, 利用外加磁场可富集分离溶液中的铬酸根离子, 经SERS 检测表明10^－5 mol/L的铬酸根离子磁分离后其浓度降低了约4～6个数量级.     

PDMS-Au复合基底上多环芳烃分子的表面增强拉曼光谱

利用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)对有机物的富集功能,通过在金纳米粒子单层膜(Au MLF)表面旋涂薄层PDMS膜制备PDMS-Au MLF复合表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)基底.研究了SERS增强性能与旋涂液浓度及稀释溶剂间的关系,考察了复合基底增强活性的均匀性.研究发现,采用叔丁醇为稀释溶剂,浓度为2%(质量分数)的旋涂液时所得复合基底表面多环芳烃(PAHs)的SERS信号强度最高,且此基底SERS信号强度偏差小于10%.分别以PDMS-Au MLF复合材料和Au MLF作为基底,对比研究了对萘、蒽、菲和芘4种多环芳烃的SERS检测能力.结果表明,PDMS-Au MLF复合基底对以上4种有机物的检出限分别为10~(-6),10~(-7),10~(-8)及10~(-7)mol/L,相比于单一Au MLF基底,其检测限至少降低了1个数量级,这主要源自于PDMS对PAHs的富集作用,且此类复合基底可用于多种多环芳烃混合物的特征识别.     

基于自组装纳米金单层膜的全内反射SERS研究

采用静电自组装技术分别在玻璃基片和30 nm厚的金膜表面固定一层金纳米粒子(GNP)制得两种表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底,然后通过棱镜全内反射(TIR)激励和背向收集模式分别测试了两种基底上吸附的染料单分子层SERS光谱.实验结果表明两种SERS基底的拉曼增强效果均高度依赖于入射激光的偏振状态,对于玻璃/纳米金SERS基底,s光全内反射导致的拉曼增强因子是线偏振光(p)光的2-5倍,说明该基底上的"热点"位于纳米金单层膜内相邻粒子之间;对于玻璃/金膜/纳米金SERS基底,只有采用p光在特定的全内反射角下才能激发SERS信号,而且测得的SERS信号比玻璃/纳米金基底增强了近30倍.究其原因是p光在金膜表面共振激发的传播表面等离子体与纳米金局域表面等离子体耦合,进而导致显著场增强.实验结果指出在背向收集模式下,由p光激发的SERS信号是非偏振光,包含强度几乎相等的s和p成分.利用玻璃/金膜/纳米金基底还实现了拉曼光定向发射和收集,测得的SERS信号是p光.     

SERS结合光谱法研究正壬酸香草酰胺与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

在模拟生理条件下,以金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)作为增强基底,归属正壬酸香草酰胺分子(OC)的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)特征峰,确定了其在基底表面的吸附方式.通过对比与人血清白蛋白(HSA)识别前后OC分子SERS光谱的变化情况,推测OC分子通过甲氧基与HSA进行结合,在AuNPs基底上的吸附方式也由垂直吸附转为倾斜吸附...     

NO分子在金表面吸附的理论研究

气体分子在过渡族金属表面吸附是异相催化过程中的一个重要步骤.研究其在金属表面的吸附特性是了解其催化性能的基础,多年来一直是表面科学领域的研究热点.理论研究在解释吸附机理、实验现象以及证实实验结论的可靠性方面发挥着越来越重要的作用.本文使用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了NO分子在中性及带正、负电荷的Au(111),Au(100),Au(310)和Au/Au(111)表面的吸附行为.研究结果表明,NO倾斜地吸附在金表面.在这种吸附构型中,Au原子的dz2轨道和NO分子的2π*轨道对称性匹配,并达到最大重叠.中性及带正、负电荷的Au(111),Au(100),Au(310)和Au/Au(111)表面不同吸附位对NO的反应活性不同,NO易吸附于各个金表面的顶位.计算结果显示,NO分子在Au(111)面几乎不吸附,而在Au/Au(111)的吸附能高达0.89eV.对表面金原子d态电子分波态密度分析表明,金表面对NO分子的吸附活性随着金原子配位数的减少而增强,这是由于低配位数的金原子的d态电子更靠近费米能级.当金表面增加或减少一个电子时,金表面对NO的吸附能有明显变化.正电荷的金表面对NO吸附的活性比中性的表面活性高,而带...     

有序Au/Ag纳米碗阵列的简易制备及其表面增强拉曼散射性能

通过湿法化学合成基于SiO₂胶体晶体的大面积有序Au/Ag纳米碗(Au/AgNB)阵列。首先,在玻璃基板上以3D SiO₂胶体晶体作为模板。然后,在Au纳米颗粒(AuNP)种子的帮助下,通过原位生长方法在模板上沉积一层Au纳米壳(AuNS)。再通过HCHO还原Ag⁺使AuNS表面进一步沉积Ag纳米壳,形成Ag/Au双纳米壳(Ag/AuNS)阵列。通过丙烯酸酯改性双向取向聚丙烯(BOPP)方便地获得了单层有序反转Ag/AuNB阵列。这种有序Au/AgNB阵列具有更佳的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性,其SERS分析增强因子(AEF)可达2.23×10⁷。     

Nanoparticle-based substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of bacterial spores

The development of ultrasensitive and rapid methods for the detection of bacterial spores is important for medical diagnostics of infectious diseases. While Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic (SERS) techniques have been increasingly demonstrated for achieving this goal, a key challenge is the development of sensitive and stable SERS substrates or probes. This Minireview highlights recent progress in exploring metal nanoparticle-based substrates, especially gold nanoparticle-based substrates, for the detection of biomarkers released from bacterial spores. One recent example involves assemblies of gold nanoparticles on a gold substrate for the highly sensitive detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a biomarker for bacterial spores such as Bacillus anthracis. This type of substrate exploits a strong SERS effect produced by the particle-particle and particle-substrate plasmonic coupling. It is capable of accurate speciation of the biomarker but also selective detection under various reactive or non-reactive conditions. In the case of detecting Bacillus subtilis spores, the limit of detection is quite comparable (0.1 ppb for DPA, and 1.5 × 10(9) spores per L (or 2.5 × 10(-14) M)) with those obtained using silver nanoparticle-based substrates. Implications of the recent findings for improving the gold nanoparticle-based SERS substrates with ultrahigh sensitivity for the detection of bacterial spores are also discussed.     

Nanoparticle-mirror sandwich substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Sandwich surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates (3S) utilizing coupling between continuous metal films and plasmonic particles were fabricated using silver mirrors, electrochemically roughened films, and various sizes of silver nanoparticles. The effect of excitation wavelength and nanoparticle size on SERS spectra of poly(vinylpyridine), selected as a model compound, was studied to determine the optimum conditions for the strongest SERS signal. The Raman enhancement resulted from the plasmon coupling of silver nanoparticles to the underlying continuous film as well as the lateral plasmon coupling between the silver nanoparticles. The formation of the charge transfer complex was also observed. The 3S configuration was used to obtain SERS spectra of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a chemical signature for Bacillus anthracis.     

Surfactantless photochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles on an optical fiber core for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes based on gold nanoparticles modifying the core of the optical fiber were made by a surfactantless photochemical deposition method. The growth kinetics and shape evolution of gold nanoparticles depending on different experimental conditions were studied. It was found that, under the condition of detectable gold nanoparticle deposition, increasing the concentration of chloroauric acid (HAuCl(4)) was not conducive to the deposition whereas increasing the concentration of sodium citrate (Na(3)Ct) would speed up the deposition. By controlling the concentration of the reaction solution and irradiation time, we obtained fused spherical-like, spherical, and flowerlike gold nanoparticles. To test the SERS activity of the probes, the SERS spectra of a rhodamine 6G aqueous solution were recorded in direct detection mode and remote mode. We have also developed a new approach to improving the SERS sensitivity when detecting in remote mode.     

表面增强拉曼光谱研究以4,4'-联吡啶为标记分子的免疫检测

通过表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)研究了标记分子4,4'-联吡啶在金溶胶上的吸附行为, 并将其与山羊抗小鼠IgG结合, 获得SERS标记免疫金溶胶. 在固相基底上组装抗体, 两者组装得到固相抗体-抗原-标记抗体“三明治”结构. 在单组分和双组分体系中借助抗体上标记金纳米粒子所带的SERS信号达到免疫检测的目的.     

表面增强拉曼光谱研究以4,4''''-联吡啶为标记分子的免疫检测

通过表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)研究了标记分子4,4'-联吡啶在金溶胶上的吸附行为,并将其与山羊抗小鼠IgG结合,获得SERS标记免疫金溶胶.在固相基底上组装抗体,两者组装得到固相抗体-抗原-标记抗体“三明治”结构.在单组分和双组分体系中借助抗体上标记金纳米粒子所带的SERS信号达到免疫检测的目的.     

SERS of C60/C70 on gold-coated filter paper or filter film influenced by the gold thickness

SERS of C(60)/C(70) adsorbed on gold nanoparticles coated on filter paper or filter film was studied. As a new SERS substrate, dried gold-coated filter paper or filter film has a high SERS activity, whose enhancement factor can be up to about 10(5), because it avoided the influence of solvents in C(60)/C(70) solution and water in gold hydrosols. The influence of the gold thickness coated on filter paper or filter film to SERS of C(60)/C(70) adsorbed on gold nanoparticles was mainly discussed. It is indicated that the SERS effect of C(60)/C(70) was very sensitive to the distribution and aggregated characteristics of gold nanoparticles, and the SERS intensity of each mode increased at its own proportion, but it integrally tended to saturation when the thickness of colloidal gold coatings increased.     

Solution-based direct readout surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) detection of ultra-low levels of thiram with dogbone shaped gold nanoparticles

We report the use of two different sizes of dogbone shaped gold nanoparticles as colloidal substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based detection of ultra-low levels of thiram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide. We demonstrate the ability to use a solution based, direct readout SERS method as a quantitative tool for the detection of ultra-low levels of thiram. The two different sizes of dogbone shaped gold nanoparticles are synthesized by using the seed-mediated growth method and characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The smaller dogbone shaped nanoparticles have an average size of 43 ± 13 nm. The larger dogbone shaped gold nanoparticles have an average size of 65 ± 15 nm. The nanoparticle concentration is 1.25 × 10(11) nanoparticles per mL for the smaller dogbone shaped gold nanoparticles and is 1.13 × 10(11) nanoparticles per mL for the larger dogbone shaped gold nanoparticles. Different concentrations of thiram are allowed to bind to the two different sizes of dogbone shaped gold nanoparticles and the SERS spectra are obtained. From the calibration curve, the limit of detection for thiram is 43.9 ± 6.2 nM when the smaller dogbone shaped gold nanoparticles are used as colloidal SERS substrates In the case of the larger dogbone shaped gold nanoparticles, the limit of detection for thiram is 11.8 ± 3.2 nM. The lower limit of detection obtained by using the larger dogbone shaped gold nanoparticles as colloidal substrates is due to the lightning rod effect, higher contributions from the electromagnetic enhancement effect, and larger number of surface sites for thiram to bind.     

SERS studies of the adsorption of guanine derivatives on gold colloidal nanoparticles

Surface enhanced Raman scattering spectra of guanine, guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine adsorbed on gold colloidal nanoparticles were obtained. From the striking similarity of the SERS spectra of these compounds, it can be evidenced that guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine adsorb on gold nanoparticles through the guanine moiety. The molecular sites involved in the interaction with the gold surface are the same for the 3 compounds: the oxygen of the carbonilic group and the N(7) atom. Guanine, guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine adsorb on the gold substrates with a tilted orientation with respect to the metal surface. SERS data were interpreted taking into account density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations of guanine.     

Silica-void-gold nanoparticles: temporally stable surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates

Reproducible detection of a target molecule is demonstrated using temporally stable solution-phase silica-void-gold nanoparticles and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). These composite nanostructures are homogeneous (diameter = 45 +/- 4 nm) and entrap single 13 nm gold nanoparticle cores inside porous silica membranes which prevent electromagnetic coupling and aggregation between adjacent nanoparticles. The optical properties of the gold nanoparticle cores and structural changes of the composite nanostructures are characterized using extinction spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, and both techniques are used to monitor the formation of the silica membrane. The resulting nanostructures exhibit temporally stable optical properties in the presence of salt and 2-naphthalenethiol. Similar SERS spectral features are observed when 2-naphthalenethiol is incubated with both bare and membrane-encapsulated gold nanoparticles. Disappearance of the S-H Raman vibrational band centered at 2566 cm(-1) with the composite nanoparticles indicates that the target molecule is binding directly to the metal surface. Furthermore, these nanostructures exhibit reproducible SERS signals for at least a 2 h period. This first demonstration of utilizing solution-phase silica-void-gold nanoparticles as reproducible SERS substrates will allow for future fundamental studies in understanding the mechanisms of SERS using solution-phase nanostructures as well as for applications that involve the direct and reproducible detection of biological and environmental molecules.