不同产地金银花药材HPLC指纹图谱的研究

研究并建立不同产地的金银花药材的指纹图谱,并应用系统聚类分析和主成分分析建立金银花药材的化学模式识别方法,以期为金银花药材品质评价与质量控制提供参考。CP-C_(18)色谱柱(5μm,4.6mm×150mm),以乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温25℃,检测波长为254nm。16批不同产地的金银花药材有13个共有峰,相似度在0.916~0.990。聚类分析能对不同产地的金银花药材进行有效识别,主成分分析结果与聚类分析结果类似。建立的方法能够成功应用于金银花药材的质量控制与评价及产地识别,可为制定金银花药材质量控制与评价模式提供新的参考依据。     

朝鲜淫羊藿的色谱指纹图谱及液相色谱/电喷雾串联质谱分析

建立了长白山区朝鲜淫羊藿药材的高效液相色谱指纹图谱的分析方法. 确定了18批朝鲜淫羊藿药材的13个共有峰, 该指纹图谱的精密度、稳定性和重现性的相对标准偏差均低于3.0%. 结合液相色谱/电喷雾串联质谱对特征峰进行了结构确认, 并根据电喷雾串联质谱数据推测了13个特征化合物的结构. 结果表明采用高效液相色谱与质谱联用技术对朝鲜淫羊藿色谱指纹图谱中的特征峰进行结构确认, 使其色谱指纹图谱的特征性更强, 更适合于药材质量的鉴别与评价.     

高效液相色谱指纹图谱法分析南方红豆杉药材的氯仿提取物

建立了南方红豆杉药材氯仿提取物的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱分析方法。采用Eurospher 100 C18色谱柱(250 mm×4 mm, 5 μm),以甲醇和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为232 nm,柱温为30 ℃。以10-脱乙酰巴卡亭III(10-DABIII)为参照物,在相同的色谱条件下测定了10批不同产地的南方红豆杉药材氯仿提取物的指纹图谱,获得了11个共有指纹峰,并利用主成分分析法(PCA)对指纹图谱进行统计分析。结果表明南方红豆杉药材的质量与种植区域有关。该方法稳定、可靠,可用于南方红豆杉药材的质量控制。     

基于化学模式识别技术的枳实HPLC定量指纹图谱研究

建立了枳实的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱分析方法。色谱柱为Tnature-ACCHROM C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);以乙腈-0.5%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,结合液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(HPLC-QTOF-MS)联用技术对枳实指纹图谱中的共有峰进行鉴定;采用相似度评价、聚类分析(CA)、主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)对22批枳实进行数据分析及质量评价。结果显示:指纹图谱共标定12个共有峰,HPLC-QTOF-MS分析指认出11个成分;22批枳实样品的相似度在0.9以上;CA、PCA和OPLS-DA的分析结果一致,其中江西产地聚为一类,湖南和福建产地聚为一类,并筛选出橙皮苷、新橙皮苷和柚皮苷3个差异性质量标志物。所建立的枳实HPLC指纹图谱方法稳定、可靠,可为其质量控制提供参考依据。     

渐进子窗口比较法比较分析温郁金挥发油

运用化学计量学方法探索姜科植物温郁金不同药材的挥发油色谱指纹图谱中化学成分的异同.指纹图谱数据由高效液相色谱法获得,流动相为乙腈-0.20%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温20 ℃,光谱记录范围为200～340 nm.应用渐进子窗口比较法对中药温郁金、温莪术及片姜黄挥发油指纹图谱-光谱数据进行比较分析.经比较,温郁金和温莪术的色谱指纹图谱中,至少分别有15和6种单独的化学成分存在,两者的共有的化学成分有18种;温莪术与片姜黄的共有化学成分13种,而单独存在的化学成分至少分别有4和7种.     

淫羊藿炮制前后UPLC-PDA-MS 的指纹图谱研究

建立了朝鲜淫羊藿和柔毛淫羊藿药材的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)指纹图谱分析方法, 实验结果表明, 两个品种的指纹图谱差别较大, 朝鲜淫羊藿标出35 个共有峰, 质谱鉴定了26 个峰, 柔毛淫羊藿标出13 个共有峰, 质谱鉴定了9个峰; 研究了朝鲜淫羊藿和柔毛淫羊藿炮制前后UPLC 指纹图谱的变化规律, 指纹图谱发生了五处变化. 该法快速、简便, 重现性好, 从整体上显示淫羊藿药材和炮制品的特征, 为淫羊藿的生品和炮制品的质量控制提供了有效手段.     

百合知母汤的高效液相色谱指纹图谱及其与组方药味的相关性

研究和建立了百合知母汤的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,为研究百合知母汤的药效物质基础及配伍变化提供了手段。采用Agela Venusil XBP-C18色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),以乙腈和0.1%甲酸为流动相二元梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,检测波长315 nm,柱温25 ℃。以芒果苷为参照物,在相同的色谱条件下测定了10批不同产地的百合与知母制备的百合知母汤的指纹图谱,获得了16个共有指纹峰,通过与对照品的保留时间及紫外光谱比较,标定了5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)、新芒果苷、芒果苷、异芒果苷、王百合苷B的出峰位置。该方法得到的百合知母汤的指纹图谱特征性和重现性较好,方法稳定、可靠,可以为百合知母汤的质量控制提供参考。通过实验归属了百合知母汤指纹图谱中的主要色谱峰,并确定了煎煮过程中的主要变化成分为5-HMF。     

内燃机油高效液相指纹图谱的建立

建立了内燃机油指纹图谱的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。采用反相C18柱,以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长280 nm,柱温30℃,进样体积10μL进行试验。考察结果表明,指纹图谱中各共有色谱峰的相对保留时间α和相对峰面积Sr的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2.4%,满足小于3%的指纹图谱研究技术要求。通过共有特征峰分析以及色谱峰重叠率、相似度的计算,可进一步鉴别和评价内燃机油的质量。该法与传统的内燃机油品质评价方法相比,节约了试验成本和时间,为内燃机油的快速鉴别和质量控制开拓了新领域。     

葛根药材指纹图谱分析方法研究

以安徽产葛根药材为分析对象,选择Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),甲醇-水梯度洗脱,流量为0.9 mL.min-1,检测波长为250 nm,柱温25℃,建立了葛根药材HPLC指纹图谱。结果表明,10批供试品的保留时间在60 min之内,共有18个典型的共有色谱峰。采用HPLC法获得的葛根药材指纹图谱稳定、可靠、重复性好,能较全面地反映葛根药材的内在质量,可用于葛根药材的质量控制。     

基于水溶性浸出物及HPLC指纹图谱评价不同贮存年限半夏的品质

研究不同贮存年限半夏药材的浸出物,建立浸出物的HPLC特征指纹图谱,为半夏药材品质评控提供参考。浸出物测定方法采用药典法;HPLC指纹图谱的色谱条件:采用C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以水–甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,流量为0.8 m L/min,检测波长为260 nm,柱温为25℃,进样体积为50μL。采用相似度评价及聚类分析技术揭示14批样品的相似性及差异性。14批半夏浸出物有12批合格,2批不合格。建立14批半夏浸出物样品的高效液相指纹图谱,确定了3个共有峰,共有峰保留时间的相对标准偏差小于2%,峰面积的相对标准偏差差异较大。1~#~7~#半夏样品有12个共有峰,共有峰保留时间的相对标准偏差小于1.5%,峰面积的相对标准偏差差异较大。各批次药材化学成分组成及含量均存在一定差异。以半夏浸出物数据与其高效液相色谱指纹图谱数据为基础,将指纹图谱相似度评价与聚类分析结合起来,用浸出物含量及评价软件测评结果对半夏品质进行综合评估,可以更精确地对半夏药材进行质量控制。     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-电化学检测联用技术同时测定三精双黄连口服液中的4种化合物

建立了应用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-电化学检测(HPLC-DAD-ECD)联用技术同时测定三精双黄连口服液中的绿原酸、咖啡酸、黄芩甙和木樨草素的方法。以Zorbax SB-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 5.0 μm)为色谱柱,柱温为30 ℃，流动相为(A)甲醇和(B)甲醇-水-冰醋酸(体积比为50∶50∶1),其梯度洗脱程序为2%A3 min3%A12 min25%A5 min80%A。流速为0.8 mL/min。二极管阵列检测波长为275 nm。电化学单安培检测器的工作电压为0.7 V。在上述条件下实现了绿原酸、咖啡酸、黄芩甙和木樨草素的分离检测。上述4种化合物的回收率为96.6%～99.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%～4.1%,检测限依次为1,0.2,9和7 mg/L。该方法简便、快速,重现性和准确度较好,可作为测定双黄连口服液中绿原酸、咖啡酸、黄芩甙和木樨草素的有效方法。     

Characterization and identification of multiple constituents in Yinhuang granules by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array and time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection

A fast high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with diode-array detection (DAD) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS) has been developed for the analysis of multi-constituent in Yinhuang granules, a well-known combined herbal remedy prepared from the extract mixtures of Flos Lonicerae and Radix Scutellariae. The fast HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent ZorBax SB-C(18) column (4.6×50 mm, 1.8 μm) and 0.2% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile was the optimum mobile phase for gradient elution in 17 min, which is five times faster than the performance of conventional columns packed with 5.0 μm particles. With various fragmentor voltages in TOF/MS, accurate mass measurements (<5 ppm error) for molecular ions and characteristic fragment ions represented reliable identification criteria for different constituents. A total of 28 compounds, including nine phenolic acids, three iridoid glycosides and nine saponins from Flos Lonicerae and seven flavonoids from Radix Scutellariae, were identified or tentatively characterized in the extract of Yinhuang granules. The established fast HPLC-DAD-TOF/MS method turns out to be useful and efficient for quality control of this commonly used Chinese herbal preparation.     

Simultaneous determination of baicalin,oroxylin A‐7‐O‐glucuronide and wogonoside in rat plasma by UPLC‐DAD and its application in pharmacokinetics of pure baicalin,Radix Scutellariae and Yinhuang granule

A novel UPLC‐DAD method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of baicalin (baicalein‐7‐glucuronide, BG), oroxylin A‐7‐O‐glucuronide (OAG) and wogonoside (WG) in rat plasma using rutin as the internal standard. Plasma samples were precipitated using acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. Separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈ column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 µm) using gradient acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid water solution as mobile phase. The flow‐rate was set at 0.4 mL/min and the eluate was detected at 275 nm. The method was linear over the ranges of 0.075–17.50, 0.050–12.60 and 0.056–14.10 µg/mL for BG, OAG and WG, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were respectively <4.8% and 6.4%. All of the limits of detection of three analytes in rat plasma were 0.01 µg/mL, whereas the limits of quantification were, respectively, 0.035, 0.025 and, 0.025 µg/mL. This assay has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetics of BG, OAG and WG in rats after oral administration of Yinhuang granule (YHG) and comparative pharmacokinetics of BG in rats following oral administration of the pure BG, Radix Scutellariae (RS) or YHG. We speculate that some co‐existing ingredients in RS or YHG may increase the absorption and elimination of BG in rat. This work may be helpful for the quality control of Yinhuang granule. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定冷冻饮品中环己基氨基磺酸钠

建立了液相色谱～串联质谱测定冷冻饮品中环己基氨基磺酸钠的方法。冷冻饮品经净化、冷冻离心后用水稀释定容,采用C18色谱柱（50mm×2．1mm,1．7μm）,以乙腈-0．01mol／L乙酸铵缓冲溶液为流动相,电喷雾离子源负离子模式（MRM）定性、定量测定环己基氨基磺酸钠。环己基氨基磺酸钠的质量浓度在2—1000μg／L范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数,=0．9999,方法的定量限为0．02mg／kg。在10—100μg／L范围内,3水平加标回收率为87．5％～101．8％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3．0％（H=6）。该方法净化效果好,灵敏度高,能快速完成冷冻饮品中环己基氨基磺酸钠的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定朝鲜淫羊藿中淫羊藿甙的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定朝鲜建羊藿中淫羊藿成的含量,色谱柱为Shim-PackCLC-ODS柱,流动相为乙睛-水（30:70）,检测波长270um。在此条件下,淫羊藿式与其它黄酮醇咸的色谱峰分离完全。方法回收率为976％,RSD为1.2％,操作简便,结果可靠,为淫羊藿药材的质量控制提供了新的方法。     

Investigation of vancomycin and related substances by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry

Liquid chromatography (LC) methods compatible with mass spectrometry (MS) that are suitable for impurity profiling of vancomycin mixtures have not been described in the literature. The mobile phases of the existing methods contain non-volatile additives and/or solvents that give problems in combination with MS. In this paper, a reversed-phase LC/tandem mass spectrometry method is described for the investigation of vancomycin and related substances. The LC method uses a Zorbax Extend C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.), 5 microm, and a mobile phase consisting of methanol, water and ammonium acetate solution (pH 9.0). This method allows us to separate vancomycin and its impurities. Mass spectral data are acquired on an LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray interface operated in the positive and negative ion modes. The LCQ is ideally suited for identification of impurities and related substances because it provides on-line LC/MSn capability, which allows efficient identification without time-consuming isolation and purification procedures. Using this method, the fragmentation of vancomycin and known derivatives was studied and the structures of six substances occurring in commercial samples were elucidated.     

Monitoring bronchodilators with direct injection

A procedure was developed for the determination of caffeine and theophylline using a C18 column (5 microm, 250 mm x 4.6 mm) and micellar liquid chromatography using hybrid mobile phases containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and propanol, butanol or pentanol as modifiers. Detection was performed with a variable wavelength UV-vis detector at 272 nm. After the application of an interpretative strategy for the selection of the optimimum mobile phase, caffeine and theophylline can be resolved and determined in serum samples by direct injection, using a mobile phase made up of 50 mM SDS-2.5% (v/v) propanol-10 mM KH2PO4, pH 7, with an analysis time below 5 min. Calibration was linear in the range 0.05 to 50 microg mL(-1) with r > 0.999. The statistical evaluation of the method was examined by performing intra-day (n = 6) and inter-day calibration (n = 7) and was found to be satisfactory, with highly accurate and precise results. The proposed method was suitably validated and applied to the determination of caffeine and theophylline in serum samples of patients treated with bronchodilators.     

Multiresidue analysis of 47 pesticides in cooked wheat flour and polished rice by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Liquid chromatography in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry was used to directly quantify of 47 pesticide residues from cooked wheat flour and polished rice, which are the most widely consumed cereals in the Republic of Korea. The sample clean‐up was carried out according to the method established by the Korea Food and Drug Administration. The mobile phase for liquid chromatograpy separation consisted of water and 5 mm methanolic ammonium formate. Tandem mass spectroscopy experiments were performed in electrospray ionization positive mode and the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The matrix effects estimated for the 47 pesticides had a mean value of 99% and ranged from 45 to 147%. High recoveries (70–140%) and relative standard deviations (≤20%) were achieved for most of the pesticides tested. The method used in this study allowed for rapid quantification and identification of low levels of pesticides in cooked wheat flour and polished rice samples. Of the screened pesticide residues, only tricyclazole and fenobucarb were found in polished rice samples. However, no samples contained residues above the MRL established by the Korea Food and Drug Administration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of nadolol in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection.

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for a routine assay of nadolol in serum is described. Serum samples spiked with atenolol (internal standard) were extracted with diethyl ether. After centrifugation, the organic layer was evaporated to dryness. The residue was redissolved in the mobile phase and injected onto an octadecyl silica column (150 mm x 4.6 mm I.D.). The mobile phase was 0.05 M ammonium acetate (pH 4.5)-acetonitrile (85:15, v/v). Fluorometric detection (excitation 230 nm, emission 300 nm) was used. The minimum detectable level of nadolol in serum was 1 ng/ml.     

Acid-induced cloud point extraction and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental solid samples

Liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray-mass spectrometry (LC-ES-MS) with positive ion detection was evaluated for the determination of tributyltin and triphenyltin in water samples using tripropyltin as internal standard. The separation was performed in the isocratic mode on a silica-based C18 column with a mobile phase containing 0.02% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile-water (50:50, v/v). The optimum LC-ES-MS conditions were established and quantification was performed on the basis of the [M]+ ions. Limits of detection for standard solutions were 100 and 200 pg Sn injected for triphenyltin and tributyltin, respectively, and good reproducibility was observed. Solid-phase extraction was carried out on C18 cartridges to preconcentrate the analytes from natural water samples, with recoveries ranging from 80 to 110%. Limits of detection for SPE-LC-ES-MS were in the range of low ng l(-1), which demonstrates the suitability of the method for environmental samples.