二氧化硅/聚乙烯醇杂化电纺纤维膜的制备与结构形态

用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法制备了不同二氧化硅含量的PVA/SiO2杂化纺丝液,将其电纺成纤维膜.XRD结果表明,杂化电纺纤维膜的结晶度较纯PVA电纺纤维膜小;FTIR证实了PVA的羟基与正硅酸乙酯水解后的羟基发生了缩合反应,杂化电纺纤维膜是以网络结构形式相结合的;FESEM表明,PVA/SiO2质量比为4∶1时,纤维光滑,分散比较均匀.随着二氧化硅含量的增加,纤维直径变细,纺锤形珠节结构增多.加入金属盐NaCl和MgCl2后,纤维直径变细,圆形珠节增多.从理论上分析了纤维膜结构形态的形成机理.     

电纺聚氧化乙烯纤维的分散形态和结晶行为研究

将聚氧化乙烯(PEO)水溶液在不同的工艺条件下进行电纺,制备了PEO纤维.用SEM研究了纤维的分散形态;用DSC和XRD研究了纤维的结晶性能.电纺纤维分散形态是由浓度、电压、固化距离等因素综合作用的结果.其中,浓度是最关键的因素.降低溶液浓度,提高静电压和增加固化距离均会使纤维变细.电纺得到的纤维与原粉相比,电纺使纤维结晶度下降,理论上分析了可能的机理.     

PVA/SiO2-TiO2杂化电纺纤维膜的形态与性能

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、钛酸四丁酯(TBT)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料, 用溶胶凝胶法制备了PVA/(SiO2-TiO2)杂化纺丝液, 将其电纺成纤维膜. 红外光谱结果证实, PVA的羟基与TEOS和TBT水解后的羟基发生了缩合反应, 杂化电纺纤维膜以网络结构形式相结合; X射线衍射分析表明, 杂化电纺纤维膜的结晶度比纯PVA电纺纤维膜小; 扫描电镜表明, 随杂化纤维膜中无机相含量的增加, 纤维的直径不断增加, 纤维出现一定的弯曲和扭曲, 并伴有少量带状结构的纤维; 紫外-可见光谱结果表明, TiO2的引入增加了纤维膜的抗紫外性; TGA热分析结果表明, 杂化纤维膜的耐热性能优于纯PVA电纺纤维膜的; 耐水性和稳定性测试表明, 杂化纤维膜的耐水性和稳定性优于纯PVA和PVA/SiO2电纺纤维膜的.     

电纺聚乙烯醇超细纤维膜的性能研究

由电纺制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)超细纤维膜,以扫描电镜观察纤维的微观形貌,用X射线衍射研究超细纤维膜的结晶行为,并测定了PVA超细纤维膜的力学性能和吸水性.结果表明,PVA超细纤维的平均直径为(184±26)nm,超细纤维中PVA的结晶度和晶体有序程度较浇铸膜低.超细纤维膜的拉伸强度、模量和断裂伸长率均较浇铸膜差,吸水率在300%以上,高于浇铸膜.     

钯/聚乙烯醇纤维膜催化水相中的Heck偶联反应

通过静电纺丝和热交联技术、以聚乙烯醇( PVA)作为载体制备了一种电纺纤维膜负载型钯催化剂.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其进行了表征.SEM结果显示:PdCl2的加入导致PVA纤维直径增加、形貌变差,而热交联过程可以减小纤维直径、改善纤维形貌.XPS表征则表明PVA可以还原pd...     

静电纺丝法制备Y2O3纳米纤维与表征

采用静电纺丝法制备了PVA/Y(NO3)3复合纳米纤维,在适当的温度下进行热处理,得到Y2O3纳米纤维. 利用XRD,SEM,TG-DTA,FTIR等现代分析手段对样品进行了表征. XRD分析表明,PVA/Y(NO3)3复合纤维为无定型,焙烧温度在600 ℃以上得到晶态单相的Y2O3纳米纤维,属于立方晶系,空间群为Ia3. SEM分析表明,PVA/Y(NO3)3复合纤维表面光滑,平均直径为110 nm. 焙烧温度对Y2O3纳米纤维的形成有重要影响. 600 ℃焙烧得到的Y2O3纳米纤维的平均直径约50 nm,900 ℃焙烧得到的Y2O3纳米纤维由纳米颗粒堆积而成,部分已断裂. TG-DTA和FTIR分析表明,PVA,Y(NO3)3以及水分在600 ℃以上时完全分解挥发,最终样品为晶态单相的Y2O3纳米纤维.     

改性海藻酸钠聚集行为对电纺纳米纤维形貌的影响

以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂, 采用双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAA)对海藻酸钠(SA)进行改性, 制备了海藻酸钠-聚双丙酮丙烯酰胺两亲性共聚物(SA-PDAA). 将SA-PDAA与聚乙烯醇(PVA)复配, 并进行静电纺丝, 制得SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维. 通过红外光谱、 差示扫描量热和荧光光谱表征了SA-PDAA的结构和性能, 通过黏度仪、 表面张力仪和电导率仪测试了SA-PDAA纺丝液的物理性能, 用扫描电子显微镜表征了SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维的形貌, 考察了SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维的释药性能. 结果表明, DAA接枝到SA分子链上, SA-PDAA的临界聚集浓度为0.072 g/L, SA-PDAA具有良好的两亲性, SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维具有均一的形貌. 改性后的SA可以有效地减缓药物释放速度, 提高SA-PDAA/PVA电纺纳米纤维的缓释性能.     

大豆分离蛋白/聚乙烯醇的电纺研究

对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)的电纺进行了研究, 讨论了溶液性质和甘油的加入对SPI/PVA电纺纤维形貌的影响, 并对SPI/PVA电纺膜进行了成分分析和力学性能表征. 结果表明, 加入甘油可以提高SPI/PVA的可电纺性, 同时使SPI/PVA电纺膜的拉伸强度从不含甘油的(5.17±0.62) MPa下降到含有甘油的(1.67±0.21) MPa, 而伸长率呈增加趋势.     

同轴静电纺丝法在纳米中空Ti02纤维中填充Ag的应用

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)溶胶,钛酸四正丁酯和PVP溶胶,银颗粒为前驱体,以共轴静电纺丝法制备了银填充的TiO2中空纳米纤维.将双组分纤维在200℃下热处理去除乙醇与表面吸附水后,继而在空气气氛中焙烧至600℃.可以得到在内表面上沉积银颗粒的TiO2纳米管,银颗粒的直径为5-40 nm,TiO2纳米管的外径150-300 nm.管臂厚10-20 nm.用红外吸收光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段对超细纤维进行了表征.中空纤维的直径和管壁可以通过改变电纺参数来调节.与Ag-TiO2纳米纤维、TiO2纳米中空纤维、TiO2纳米纤维及TiO2纳米粉体相比较,Ag颗粒填充的TiO2纳米中空纤维在光分解亚甲基蓝上表现出了更好的光催化性能.     

速溶电纺载药PVP纳米纤维膜制备与表征

采用电纺工艺制备载豆腐果苷聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮纳米纤维膜.通过偏光显微镜确定电纺条件,利用扫描电镜对纤维膜表面形态进行观察;采用X-射线晶体衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)检测纤维膜中药物的存在状态,通过红外光谱分析药物与纤维基材之间的相互作用.结果表明载药纤维直径分布均匀(400~600 nm)、表面光滑无药物颗粒,药物与聚合物之间通过氢键作用、具有良好的相容性,XRD和DSC结果表明药物以无定形态高度分散于纳米纤维中,纤维膜中药物以"聚合物控释"机制在13.7 s左右完全溶解.     

多孔酚醛树脂热解碳材料的制备与结构

用苯酚和甲醛在氨水催化下合成了可溶性酚醛树脂, 经掺杂不同质量比发泡剂(氯化锌)后在惰性气氛下进行热裂解(500～900 ℃), 制备了多孔热解碳导电材料(PPAS); 用FTIR, XRD, TG, SEM, BET等方法对所制备材料进行了结构表征, 详细讨论了发泡剂的加入对热解碳导电材料结构和性能的影响. 研究发现: 酚醛树脂经掺杂一定量发泡剂后再进行热裂解, 一方面加快了酚醛树脂分子间的脱水速度, 降低了热裂解温度范围; 另一方面, 裂解产物内部结构的微晶尺寸和层间距发生了明显变化, 未掺杂发泡剂的裂解产物呈现尖锐棱角的无定形结构, 而掺杂发泡剂的裂解产物则为多孔的球形和椭球形结构; 表面吸附实验测试结果表明, 当酚醛树脂与发泡剂的质量比为1∶3, 升温速率为30 ℃/h, 热裂解温度为600 ℃时, 热裂解产物的比表面积可达2150 m2•g－1, 平均孔径在11 Å左右.     

Formation of Ultrafine Apatite Fibers by Sol-gel/Electrospinning

Ultrafine apatite fibers were prepared by electrospinning of sol-gel precursor/poly（ vinyl pyrrolidone） （PVP） solutions followed by subsequent calcination. The as-electrospun and calcinated fibers were observed under a scanning electron microscope and an optical polarizing microscope. Results show that the morphology and the diameter of as-electrospun fibers strongly depend on the viscosity and the surface tension of sol-gel precursor/PVP solutions. After calcination, the smooth as-electrospun fibers shrink and the fiber diameter decreases because of the removal of the polymer. The chemical evolution upon the transformation of the precursor from a gel to the final apatite fibers was investigated by thermogravimetric-differenfial thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is thus suggested that the crystalline structure of the calcined fibers is largely influenced by the calcination temperature. After being calcined at 600 ℃, the apatite fibers with a diameter of about 280 nm containing β-tricalcium phosphate were obtained.     

电纺丝-气相沉积法制备碳包覆TiO_2纳米纤维及其光催化行为的研究

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)溶胶/钛酸正丁酯为前躯体,以静电纺丝法制备了PVP/Ti(OC4H9)4纤维。550℃下,空气氛中焙烧双组分纤维,得到直径60～300nm的TiO2纳米纤维。继而以气相沉积法制得碳包覆TiO2纳米纤维。用红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对纳米纤维进行了表征。与TiO2纳米纤维、TiO2纳米粉体相比,气相沉积法制备的碳包覆TiO2纳米纤维在光分解亚甲基蓝上表现出更好的催化性能。     

Synthesis and structure of composite fibers based on silicon and carbon obtained by electrospinning

Composite polymer fibers with a composition of Si-C-O obtained by electrospinning of precursors solution containing polycarbosilane or phenol formaldehyde resins with an admix of organic-silicon compounds were synthesized in order to find efficient new electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. The composition and structure of pyrolized composite fibers were studied by means of X-ray dispersive analysis and X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and by AFM and SEM. It was shown that the composite fibers (with a diameter of 0.5–1.5 μm) were nanostructured materials with carbon and silicon-oxy-carbide areas about 2–5 nm in size. A model of the nanostructure of a skeleton for composite fibers synthesized is proposed.     

静电纺丝法制备La0.67Ba0.33MnO3微纳米纤维及其红外发射率研究

采用静电纺丝法结合溶胶-凝胶技术制备了钙钛矿型La_0.67Ba_0.33MnO₃微纳米纤维, 并利用差示扫描量热-热失重分析(DSC-TGA)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术对产物进行了表征, 利用IR-2红外发射率测试仪测试了La_0.67Ba_0.33MnO₃在280~370 K范围内的红外发射率. 结果表明, La_0.67Ba_0.33MnO₃在600 ℃时已形成钙钛矿结构. 随着煅烧温度的升高, La_0.67Ba_0.33MnO₃的形貌由纤维状向三维网络状转变, 并最终失去纤维形态. 在280~370 K范围内, La_0.67Ba_0.33MnO₃微纳米纤维的红外发射率随温度升高而升高, 由0.564增加至0.689. 利用钙钛矿材料双交换理论解释了这一现象, 并进一步探讨了其在红外发射率可变材料中的应用前景.     

Preparation and Characterization of PVA Hidrogels Nanofibers

Summary: Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a biomaterial that has interesting features for applications in soft tissue replacement due to its similarities in the mechanical properties of such tissues. This paper describes the preparation and characterization of PVA fibers obtained by electrospinning and crosslinked with potassium persulfate as thermoinitiator. These PVA fibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Microscopy (OM) to analyze the morphology of the spun samples. Finally, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed and the results showed that the biomaterial was partially cross-linked, which indicates a potential use for dermal regeneration applications. The morphology of the fibers indicated that structural changes occurred in the biomaterial after thermal crosslinking.     

The preparation and characterization graphene-cross-linked phenol–formaldehyde hybrid carbon xerogels

A new synthesis route based on polycondensation of phenol and formaldehyde cross-linked by graphene oxide (GO) was developed. Wet gel after gelation was converted into an organic xerogel by ambient pressure drying to obtain GO-cross-linked phenol–formaldehyde (PF) organic xerogels (GOCPFOX). Graphene-cross-linked PF carbon xerogels (GCPFCX) were produced by carbonization. The morphology and chemical structure of GOCPFOX and GCPFCX were analyzed. The electrochemical behavior of GCPFCX as an electrode material in electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) was investigated. Results show that the high mechanical strength of GO increased the gel skeleton strength; thus, organic xerogels exhibit very low drying shrinkage. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that addition of GO altered the gel structure. Thus, when GO was added into the PF solution, the PF molecular chains were anchored on the surface of GO by chemical and physical interaction. The GCPFCX-10 sample achieved the highest specific surface area, mesoporous volume, and specific capacity with 378 m²/g, 0.56 cm³/g, and 116 F/g, respectively. Hence, GCPFCX is a potential material for EDLCs owing to its low production cost and ability to avoid supercritical drying.     

恩诺沙星分子印迹纳米纤维膜的制备及性能

通过沉淀聚合法制备了恩诺沙星（ENRO）分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）微球,将其添加到聚乙烯醇（PVA）溶液中,采用静电纺丝技术制备了恩诺沙星分子印迹纳米纤维膜（MINFMs）. 利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了纺丝液浓度、纺丝电压及接收距离对MINFMs纤维直径及表面形貌的影响,从溶胀性、孔隙率、吸附容量及吸附选择性等几个方面对印迹膜的性能进行了评价. 结果表明,在环境温度25 ℃、相对湿度 40%~50%、MIPs加入量8%（质量分数）、PVA质量分数7%、纺丝电压15 kV和接收距离25 cm的条件下,得到的MINFMs的纤维形态良好,纤维平均直径为180 nm. MINFMs的溶胀度和孔隙率分别为136.76%和33.42%,均大于非印迹纳米纤维膜（NINFMs）. 动力学吸附性能结果显示,MINFMs在300 min后吸附基本达到平衡,且明显高于NINFMs的吸附量;Scatchard分析结果表明,在所研究的浓度范围内MINFMs对模板ENRO的结合位点是等价的,其离解平衡常数（K_d）与最大表观结合量（Q_max）分别为505.817 mg/L和3.862 mg/g. 与环丙沙星（CIP）和氧氟沙星（OFL）相比,MINFMs对ENRO表现出更强的特异性吸附能力.     

Hybrid silica-PVA nanofibers via sol-gel electrospinning

We report on the synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-silica hybrid nanofibers via sol-gel electrospinning. Silica is synthesized through acid catalysis of a silica precursor (tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in ethanol-water), and fibers are obtained by electrospinning a mixture of the silica precursor solution and aqueous PVA. A systematic investigation on how the amount of TEOS, the silica-PVA ratio, the aging time of the silica precursor mixture, and the solution rheology influence the fiber morphology is undertaken and reveals a composition window in which defect-free hybrid nanofibers with diameters as small as 150 nm are obtained. When soaked overnight in water, the hybrid fibers remain intact, essentially maintaining their morphology, even though PVA is soluble in water. We believe that mixing of the silica precursor and PVA in solution initiates the participation of the silica precursor in cross-linking of PVA so that its -OH group becomes unavailable for hydrogen bonding with water. FTIR analysis of the hybrids confirms the disappearance of the -OH peak typically shown by PVA, while formation of a bond between PVA and silica is indicated by the Si-O-C peak in the spectra of all the hybrids. The ability to form cross-linked nanofibers of PVA using thermally stable and relatively inert silica could broaden the scope of use of these materials in various technologies.