分光光度法与火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钢中硼的比较

提出了萃取-分光光度法和火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钢中硼的两种方法,比较了两者的线性范围、检出限、样品测定结果等.试验发现:分光光度法和火焰原子吸收光谱法在硼含量分别为0.11～3.2 mg·L-1和0.05～3.24 mg·L-1范围内时,吸光度与其质量浓度呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.033,0.036 mg·L-1.经检验,两种方法的测定结果之间无显著性差异.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定钢中硼量

在弱酸介质中,硼、苯羟乙酸和[Fe(Phen)3]2+(phen:邻二氮菲)缔合生成具有较大疏水基团的化合物,用1,2-二氯乙烷萃取,再用去离子水反萃取,再用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水相中铁,由此间接测定硼的含量.硼的质量浓度在0.05～3.24 mg·L-1范围内呈线性,方法检出限(3S/N)为0.036 mg·L-1.应用此方法测定了硼钢标准样品中硼含量,测得结果与已知值相符.     

功能化温控离子液体萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量镉

采用功能化温控离子液体萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量镉。优化的试验条件如下:1离子液体的用量为0.25g;2溶液的pH为5.81;3离心时间30 min;4反萃取剂为2mol·L-1盐酸溶液5.00 mL;5超声时间为30 min;6反萃取3次。镉的质量浓度在1.20mg·L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.027mg·L-1。方法应用于模拟水样的分析,测定值与参考值相符。加标回收率在102%~110%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=3)均小于1.0%。     

原子吸收光谱法间接测定食品中甲醛含量

提出了原子吸收光谱法间接测定食品中甲醛含量的方法。甲醛与斐林溶液(含铜离子和酒石酸钾钠的碱性溶液)在沸水浴中反应30min生成氧化亚铜沉淀,或与银氨溶液(含银离子的氨性溶液)在50℃水浴中反应15min生成单质银沉淀。两种沉淀分别用6mol·L-1盐酸溶液和6mol·L-1硝酸溶液溶解,并用原子吸收光谱法测定反应中定量释出的铜量或银量,间接换算成甲醛含量。铜和银的质量浓度分别在7.000,6.000mg·L-1以内与吸光度呈线性关系。在试样溶液中加入1.000mg·L-1铜、银标准溶液并按所述方法进行分析,所得回收率在99.6%～101%之间(Cu)和81.9%～84.2%之间(Ag)。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定白酒中甜蜜素

提出了一种火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定白酒样品中甜蜜素的测定方法.采用乙醚将甜蜜素从酸化后的白酒样品中提取出,提取液经挥发去除乙醚后加浓硝酸置于100℃水浴中硝化,硝化产生的硫酸根与铬酸钡悬浮液反应生成硫酸钡,通过用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定反应中定量释出的铬酸根间接换算成甜密素含量.甜蜜素的质量浓度在0.35 g·L-1以内与吸光度呈线性关系,其线性回归方程为A=0.301 ρ<,甜>+0.018,检出限(3S/N)为0.02 g·L-1.在0.060,0.250,0.500 g·L-1的标准加入水平下进行了精密度试验,所得相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为8.93%,3.44%,3.63%.加标回收率在86.7%～105.0%之间.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定钢铁中磷的含量

钢铁样品经盐酸-硝酸(3+1)混合酸溶解后,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定样品溶液中磷的含量。磷在适宜的乙炔-空气火焰中可形成PO双原子分子,选择测定波长为327.04nm。磷的质量浓度在1.0g·L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为0.001g·L-1。方法应用于钢铁标准物质(YSBC 20310-2002,GBW 01312)的分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)小于4%。     

纳米钛酸锶钡粉体吸附富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中锰离子

提出了纳米钛酸锶钡粉体吸附富集,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量锰的含量。在pH 6的氨性缓冲介质中,采用纳米钛酸锶钡(0.02 g)对水样(10 mL)中的锰离子振荡吸附15 min。优化条件下吸附容量达5.4 mg.g-1。方法检出限(3s/k)为2.1μg.L-1。用0.15 mg.L-1锰(Ⅱ)标准溶液连续测定6次,求得其相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.4%。用于河水和地下水中痕量锰的测定,用标准加入法测得方法的回收率在93.5%~99.7%之间。     

离子交换柱分离-火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定钢铁中磷

在试样溶解过程中,加入氢氟酸与高氯酸,蒸发使硅以SiF4状态除去,并蒸发至高氯酸冒烟使磷氧化为正磷酸离子(PO43-).分取部分试样溶液,用离子交换分离法将PO43-与大量铁(Ⅲ)及其他共存的阳离子分离.收集淋洗液于容量瓶中,加入已知过量的铅标准溶液使生成磷酸铅沉淀.用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定溶液中过量的铅离子,从而间接求得试样中磷的含量.吸光度与磷的质量浓度在2.0 mg·L-1以内呈线性关系.方法的检出限为5.9/μg·L-1,应用此方法测定了3件标准样品的磷含量,测得结果与证书值相符,分析结果的相对标准偏差(n=11)在1.7%～4.0%之间.     

原子吸收光谱法间接测定葡萄糖注射液中的还原糖

提出了原子吸收光谱法间接测定葡萄糖注射液中还原糖的方法。在pH 9.0～10.0的碱性介质中,铜盐与还原糖反应生成氧化亚铜沉淀,沉淀经离心分离后用硝酸溶解,通过用原子吸收光谱法测定反应中定量析出的铜量,间接换算成还原糖含量。铜的质量浓度在5.0mg·L-1以内与吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1.0mg·L-1。在0.500,0.750mg·L-1的标准加入水平下于葡萄糖注射液中加入标准溶液并按所述方法进行分析,进行了回收和精密度试验,所得回收率在98.0%～100%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于4.0%。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定仿真饰品中铅、镉和钡

提出了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定仿真饰品中的铅、镉和钡的含量。详细叙述了不同材料饰品的前处理方法。在优化的仪器工作条件下,铅、镉和钡的质量浓度分别在0.1～5.0,0.05～1.0,1.0～20 mg·L^-1范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限（3s）依次为0.05,0.006,0.1 mg·L^-1。方法用于测定样品中铅、镉和钡的含量,加标回收率在88.0%～104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=7）均不大于4%。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.