含手性双环胍的氨基酸受体的合成

报道含有手性双环胍，氮杂冠醚及萘甲酰基３个分子识别点的芳香族氨基酸人工受体的合成。     

一种新的腺苷酸人工受体

报道由刚性双环胍桥联胸腺嘧啶碱基和亲脂性(特丁基二苯基)硅醚基的腺苷酸受体的合成。液液萃取和1^HNMR实验表明该受体能通过互补氢键和静电引力与腺苷酸钠盐,尤其是与3'-腺苷酸二钠盐互相识别形成脂溶性的超分子配合物,因而能把水溶性的腺苷酸盐从水相转移到机相。     

氨基甲酸酯型脱氧胆酸分子钳对氨基酸甲酯的手性识别 研究

以脱氧胆酸为spacer,通过三光气桥连各种芳胺,合成了新的氨基甲酸酯型分子钳受体1～4,这些化合物的结构经IR,^1HNMR和元素分析所证实。利用差光谱滴定法考察了其与D/L氨基酸甲酯的对映选择性识别性能。结果表明,分子钳1～4对所考察的氨基酸甲酯均具有识别能力,其对D-氨基酸甲酯的识别优于对L-氨基酸甲酯的识别。从主客体间的大小形状匹配及几何互补关系等方面对这些受体的识别能力及对映选择性进行了讨论。     

手性芳酰胺类分子钳对氨基酸衍生物的对映选择性识别

在微波辐射条件下,以联苯二甲酸为间隔基,L-氨基酸甲酯为手臂,合成了3个新型芳酰胺手性分子钳。这些化合物的结构经1HNMR,IR,MS和元素分析确证。利用差紫外光谱滴定法考察了其与D/L氨基酸甲酯的对映选择性识别性能。结果表明,分子钳2a~2c对所考察的氨基酸甲酯均具有识别能力,其对D-氨基酸甲酯的识别优于对L-氨基酸甲酯的识别。从主客体间的大小形状匹配及几何互补关系等方面对这些受体的识别能力及对映选择性进行了讨论。     

酯键型鹅去氧胆酸分子钳对氨基酸甲酯的手性识别

利用紫外可见光谱差光谱滴定法考察了新型鹅去氧胆酸分子钳1～6对D／L氨基酸甲酯的对映选择性识别性能。结果表明，分子钳1～6对所考察的氨基酸甲酯均具有识别能力，其对D-氨基酸甲酯的识别优于对L-氨基酸甲酯的识别。受体与底物间的大小、形状匹配，微环境效应等对识别性能均有重要影响。识别作用的主要推动力来自受体与底物之间的互补氢键，受体与底物芳环之间的π-π堆叠作用等非共价键作用力的协同作用。     

钯/氨基酸共催化环己酮分子内α-烯基化反应

利用钯/手性氨基酸共催化策略,基于烯胺中间体的Heck反应,研究了环己酮的分子内烯基化反应.在温和条件下,以中等到优良的收率合成了一系列含有氮杂双环[3.3.1]及双环[3.4.1]结构片段的化合物.并通过底物调控,实现了N-烷基取代环己酮的分子内不对称烯基化反应,获得了中等水平的对映选择性.     

新的手性芳酰胺分子钳的微波干法合成

在微波辐射无溶剂条件下, 以1,3-二苯氧乙酸为隔离基, L-氨基酸甲酯为手臂设计合成了9个新的分子钳人工受体. 所有化合物的结构均经1H NMR, IR, MS及元素分析所确证. 同传统方法相比, 该法具有简单、快速、有效、对环境友好等优点. 初步的实验结果表明, 这类分子钳受体对D/L-氨基酸甲酯具有良好的对映选择性识别性能.     

双吲哚烯类受体对氨基酸的比色识别作用

设计合成了一系列3,3′-双吲哚烯类受体分子,应用紫外-可见吸收光谱研究了该类受体对二十种天然氨基酸分子的识别作用. 结果表明,在乙腈-水溶液中,双吲哚烯受体分子可以通过其氢键受体位点的质子化作用比色识别天冬氨酸、谷氨酸等酸性氨基酸;而硝基取代的双吲哚烯受体分子则通过其氢键供体位点的去质子化作用比色识别精氨酸、赖氨酸等碱性氨基酸. 在乙腈-水的中性缓冲溶液体系中,硝基取代的双吲哚烯类受体分子通过与巯基发生亲核加成反应高选择性比色识别半胱氨酸和同型半胱氨酸.     

合成受体与短肽相互作用研究进展*

由于在蛋白质分离,生物传感器,疾病诊断和治疗以及基础的生物医药研究等领域的潜在重要应用,合成受体与短肽（3－20氨基酸残基）相互作用的研究已引起了人们的关注。本文综述了近年来合成受体与短肽相互作用的研究进展,介绍了小分子受体与个别氨基酸残基的相互作用,小分子受体对短肽的序列选择性识别,小分子受体对短肽二级结构的诱导与识别以及高分子受体与短肽的相互作用,并对短肽受体的设计进行了建议与展望。     

新型鹅去氧胆酸分子钳的设计合成和分子识别性质研究

以鹅去氧胆酸为隔离基, 芳香族化合物为手臂设计合成了一类新型的分子钳, 其结构经¹H NMR, IR, MS及元素分析确证. 利用紫外光谱滴定法考察了其与D/L氨基酸甲酯的对映选择性识别性能. 结果表明, 分子钳3a～3e对所考察的氨基酸甲酯均具有识别能力, 其对L-氨基酸甲酯的识别优于对D-氨基酸甲酯的识别. 从主客体的大小形状匹配及几何互补关系等方面对这些受体的识别能力及对映选择性进行了讨论.     

Synthesis of a pair of novel receptors and their properties of enantioselective recognition for amino acid zwitterions

A pair of artificial enantiotopic receptors la and lb composed of ( S, S) or (R,R) chiral bicyclic guanidinium, azacrown ether and (t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy) methyl group for amino acid zwitterions have been synthesized. The liquid-liquid competition extraction experiments and 1H NMR studies indicate that the receptor 1a with (S, S) configuration and lb with (R,R) configuration selectively recognize L- and Z)-aromatic amino acids respectively.     

Enantioselective Recognition of Calix[4]arene Derivative Bearing Bicyclic Guanidinium for D/L Amino Acid Zwitterions

The p‐tetra‐tert‐butyl calix[4] arene derivatives (3 and 4) with (5,5) chiral bicyclic guanidinium, as the receptors of amino acid zwitterions, have been synthesized via a O‐alkylation reaction of p‐tetra‐tert‐butyl calix [4] arene with cbJoromethyl chiral bicyclic guanidinium 2 in the presence of anhydrous K₂CO₃ in acetonitrile. The results obtained from liquid‐liquid competitive extraction experiments indicate that the two receptors may selectively recognize L‐aromatic amino acids, and that the enantioselective recognizability of the receptor 4 with two chiral bicyclic guanidinium units reachs up to about 90% for L‐Phe.     

Guanidinium receptors as enantioselective amino acid membrane carriers

A number of artificial carriers for the transport of zwitterionic aromatic amino acids across bulk model membranes (U-tube type) have been prepared and evaluated. 1,2-Dichloroethane and dichloromethane were employed in the organic phase. All compounds are based on a bicyclic chiral guanidinium scaffold that ideally complements the carboxylate function. The guanidinium central moiety was attached to crown ethers or lasalocid A as specific subunits for ammonium recognition as well as to aromatic or hydrophobic residues to evaluate their potential interaction with the side chains of the guest amino acids. The subunits were linked to the guanidinium through ester or amide connectors. Amides were found to be better carriers than esters, though less enantioselective. On the other hand, crown ethers were superior to lasalocid derivatives. As expected, transport rates were dependent on the carrier concentration in the liquid membrane. Reciprocally, enantioselectivities were much higher at lower carrier concentrations. The results show that our previously proposed three-point binding model (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 1511-1512), involving the participation of the aromatic or hydrophobic residue to interact with the side chains of the amino acid guest, is unnecessary to explain the high enantioselectivities observed. Molecular dynamics fully support a two-point model involving only the guanidinium and crown ether moieties. These molecules constitute the first examples of chiral selectors for underivatized amino acids acting as carriers under neutral conditions.     

Stereoselective synthesis of the cis-275B decahydroquinoline ring system

The Diels-Alder precursor was constructed from readily available d-glutamic acid utilizing a series of functional group transformations. The stereocenter of the amino acid provided the desired stereochemistry at C2 and diastereoselectively directed the intramolecular Diels-Alder cyclization. This simultaneously generated the three remaining stereocenters and yielded a bicyclic intermediate with all four stereocenters of the target decahydroquinoline 275B.     

Role of pyridine hydrogen-bonding sites in recognition of basic amino acid side chains

A series of three, new artificial receptors for guanidinium and ammonium guests has been synthesized. All three receptors have highly preorganized clefts bearing two carboxylate groups. They differ in the number of nitrogen atoms contained in their clefts, as follows: four N atoms in receptor 3, three N atoms in 4, and two nitrogens in 5. Crystallographic studies have produced the solid-state structures of the following guanidinium complexes of each receptor: 3.2CH(3)CH(2)NHC(NH(2))(2)(+), 4.2CH(3)NHC(NH(2))(2)(+), and 5.2C(NH(2))(3)(+). The conformations of the receptor molecules in all three complexes are very similar. N-Alkylguanidinium guests are bound in the clefts of 3 and 4 in similar manners, despite the loss of one hydrogen-bond acceptor nitrogen in 4 and the possible hindrance of the cavity by a CH group. In the guanidinium complex of 5, neither guest enters the cavity containing two CH groups. Complexation studies were conducted in methanol by (1)H NMR titration for several guanidinium and ammonium guests, including derivatives of the amino acids arginine and lysine. Receptor 5 binds all such guests weakly (K(s) < 4000), while 3 binds most guests very strongly (K(s) > 100 000). Receptor 3 is selective for arginine versus lysine, while 4 binds lysine better than does 3. The results generally underscore the importance of receptor preorganization and hydrogen-bonding complementarity in the design of receptors that can serve as probes for biomolecules.     

Toward an artifical acetylcholinesterase

The methanolysis of choline p-nitrophenylcarbonate in chloroform containing 1% methanol is catalyzed with turnover by ditopic receptors 1 and 2, consisting of a calix[6]arene connected to a bicyclic guanidinium by means of a short spacer. The calix[6]arene subunit strongly binds to the trimethylammonium head group through cation-pi interactions, whereas the guanidinium moiety is deputed to stabilize through hydrogen bonding reinforced by electrostatic attraction the anionic tetrahedral intermediate resulting from methoxide addition to the ester carbonyl. The observed cholinesterase activity had been anticipated on the basis of the ability of the ditopic receptors 1 and 2 to bind strongly to the choline phosphate DOPC, which is a transition state analogue for the BAc2-type cleavage of choline esters.     

Ionic Composition of the MK-40 Cation-Exchange Membrane in Amino Acid Solutions: A Conductimetric Study

The ionic composition of a cation-exchange membrane in solutions of amino acids of three types is studied by measuring its conductivity. The concentration constants of equilibrium of the protonation of zwitterions of these acids in the membrane are estimated. The membrane's ionic composition substantially depends on the type of amino acid.     

Synthesis and evaluation of substituted indolizidines as peptidomimetics of RGD tripeptide sequence

The synthesis of seven peptidomimetics of RGD is presented. The indolizidine building block was obtained by condensation of allylglycine with dimethoxydihydrofuran followed by an intermolecular cyclization. The bicyclic ring was functionalised with a carboxylic acid and a guanidinium appendage. The seven peptidomimetics were evaluated by cell-adhesion assays.     

2:1 cocrystals of homochiral and achiral amino acid zwitterions with Li+ salts: water-stable zeolitic and diamondoid metal-organic materials

Eight 2:1 cocrystals of amino acid zwitterions and Li(+) salts were crystallized from hot water to afford cationic networks based on tetrahedral lithium cations: square grids, an ABW topology net, and diamondoid nets.