聚噻吩的光电化学研究

导电聚合物是由一些具有共轭π键的聚合物经化学或电化学掺杂后形成的导电率可从绝缘体延伸到导体范围的一类高分子材料。其中噻吩及其衍生物具有导电率高、环境稳定性好、成膜性好、禁带宽度小等特点,是用做光伏电池的理想材料。相继报道的有聚3-甲噻吩[1]、聚3-己基噻吩[2],聚(3-十一烷基-2,2’-并噻吩)[3]等。对于聚噻吩的光电化学性质的研究,在国际上很少见报道,国内尚未见报道,本文对聚噻吩(PTh)的光电化学性质进行了研究。1实验部分1.1仪器与试剂光电化学实验采用带石英窗口的三电极电解池,工作电极为ITO/PTh膜电极,参比电极为饱和…     

聚噻吩/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的导电性能

通过共混多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)和聚噻吩(PTh), 制备了PTh/MWNTs复合材料, 复合材料表现出良好的导电性能(电导率达16.1 S/m). 通过Raman, TG, XPS, UV-Vis等对复合材料进行了分析, 结果表明, MWNTs和 PTh之间存在强的相互作用, MWNTs上的离域电子与噻吩共轭主链上的π电子之间形成π-π共轭, 电子从MWNTs转移到聚噻吩, 增加了噻吩主链的有效共轭长度, 提高了复合材料的导电性能. FESEM分析表明, MWNTs和它周围被掺杂的聚噻吩通过π-π共轭作用结合在一起, 形成相对独立的导电单元, 在复合材料的导电体系中起到主要作用.     

TiO2纳米微粒对聚苯胺性能的影响

纳米微粒具有量子尺寸效应, 其光、电、声及磁等方面的性能与常规材料有显著的不同, 其中以TiO2纳米微粒的电荷载体、光电活性中心、光学微腔和光电特性等特征[1,2]尤为引人注目. 导电聚合物的纳米复合材料是纳米材料的研究热点之一, 在导电材料、电流体和高密度信息存储材料等方面具有良好的应用前景[3]. 在导电聚合物中, 聚苯胺(PANI)因其具有较高的电导率, 原料便宜, 稳定性好而成为目前最有希望获得实际应用的导电聚合物[4～6]. 将纳米微粒和PANI制成复合材料, 其光电性能等与PANI相比均有所改变. 目前已相继有PANI-ZrO2, PANI-MnO2, PANI-SiO2纳米复合材料的报道[7,8], 而有关PANI-TiO2研究工作尚少见报道. 本文制备了PANI-TiO2纳米复合材料, 通过红外光谱、紫外可见光谱及透射电镜等探讨了复合材料的微结构及性能.     

可循环使用的Sn-TiO2/聚噻吩纳米杂化材料用于可见光下降解有机污染物

采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法在低温制备了Sn-TiO2/聚噻吩纳米杂化材料(SPNH),运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、红外光谱(IR)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-DRS)和BET比表面积分析对所制样品进行了表征。 XRD结果证实聚噻吩(PTh)对TiO2晶相结构没有影响。 IR和UV-DRS结果表明,在掺杂的金属氧化物与PTh的纳米杂化和结合过程中, PTh表面与金属氧化物之间存在相互作用(类似核壳结构)。 XPS结果显示,纳米杂化材料中存在Sn4+以及PTh与TiO2各自所含的元素。催化剂表面吸附污染物结果发现, SPNH的吸附容量高于Sn-TiO2纳米粒子(STN)。在可见光下降解有机污染物硝基苯(NB)和孔雀绿(MG)的反应中, SPNH表现出比单纯STN更高的光催化活性和稳定性。由于STN上存在聚噻吩,使得样品表面吸附NB(24%)和MG(21%)的能力增加,从而导致更高的光催化收率。考察了该光催化剂在可见光下重复使用5次时的光催化活性,未见PTh的消耗和降解。这些高光催化活性的SPNH材料有望在工业水净化中用作光催化剂。     

纳米晶/聚合物太阳能电池

纳米晶/聚合物太阳能电池作为一种新型光伏器件成为近年来的研究热点。通过改变纳米晶的形貌及尺寸来调节材料本身的带隙从而改善光吸收特性,并且无机半导体材料本身具有高的电子迁移率和良好的热稳定性,以上特性使该类电池具有巨大的发展潜力。本文从纳米晶的种类、形状和尺寸、表面配体及纳米晶与聚合物界面性能等方面综述了纳米晶/聚合物太阳能电池的研究现状。纳米晶形貌、太阳光利用率和载流子传输效率是影响电池效率的主要因素。文中指出开展窄带隙纳米晶的合成、优化纳米晶/聚合物电池结构、解析纳米晶与聚合物界面激子传输机理等改善该类电池性能的途径,旨在为提高纳米晶/聚合物太阳能电池的效率提供借鉴经验。     

P3HT/CdS/TiO2/ZnO一维有序核壳式纳米棒阵列的构制及其在杂化太阳电池中的应用研究

采用恒电位法在铟锡氧化物导电玻璃(ITO)上制备了高度有序一维ZnO纳米棒阵列,将ZnO纳米棒阵列在TiO2溶胶中采用提拉法制备出了一维TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列.在一维TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列上电沉积CdS纳米晶得到一维CdS/TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列,然后在一维CdS/TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米棒阵列上电沉积聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)薄膜得到P3HT/CdS/TiO2/ZnO核壳式纳米结构薄膜.以该纳米结构薄膜电极为光阳极制备出新型纳米结构杂化太阳电池,研究了该类电池的光电转换性能,初步探讨了该类电池的工作机理.     

光诱导聚合制备聚噻吩/二氧化钛复合粒子的结构及光催化性能

通过光诱导噻吩在TiO2的氯仿悬浮液中聚合反应,制备了聚噻吩/二氧化钛(PTh/TiO2)复合粒子,并采用比表面积分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、粒径分析仪、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和红外光谱对复合粒子进行了表征.结果表明,PTh/TiO2复合粒子上的聚噻吩骨架中S原子与TiO2粒子间存在强相互作用,该复合粒子对...     

固相法制备PTh/TiO_2复合纳米粉可见光催化剂

利用Sol-gel法制备了TiO_2纳米颗粒,然后以无水三氯化铁为氧化剂,室温固相氧化聚合噻吩,得到聚噻吩(Polythiophene,PTh)敏化纳米TiO_2形成的PTh/TiO_2复合纳米粉.以XRD、TEM、DRS等方法对其相组成、形貌及其光谱特性进行了研究.结果表明,所得纳米TiO_2为纯锐钛矿晶型,平均颗粒尺寸为18 nm;PTh/TiO_2复合物具有20× 80 nm的棒状形貌;DRS中吸收限在605nm处.以甲基橙作为模型试验了产品的光催化性能,结果表明,在太阳光照射下,120 min时PTh/TiO_2对甲基橙降解率达85.6%,光催化性能优于纯TiO_2、PTh及商品Degussa P25 TiO_2光催化剂.探讨了PTh促进TiO_2光催化性能的机理.     

聚噻吩/多壁碳纳米管复合材料结构与导电机理的研究

从结构和相互作用方面对聚噻吩(PTh)/多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)复合材料进行了研究, 结果表明: 一方面聚噻吩本身的结构对其导电性能有一定的影响, 另一方面MWNTs作为一种掺杂剂, 和聚噻吩之间存在强的相互作用, 电子从MWNTs转移到聚噻吩. MWNTs和它周围被掺杂的聚噻吩通过π-π共轭作用形成相对独立的导电单元, 在复合材料的导电体系中起到主要作用, 随着这种导电单元数量的增加直至相互接触, 形成大的导电体系, 复合材料的电导率达到最大值.     

导电聚合物电致变色材料*

由于在电致变色、显示、军事等领域的广泛应用,电致变色材料受到了人们越来越多的关注。本文综述了聚苯胺(PANI)类、聚噻吩(PTh)类、聚吡咯(PPy)类及复合导电聚合物电致变色材料的性能及其研究进展,同时简单地叙述了这些材料作为电致变色材料的应用前景,指出具有丰富颜色变化、良好的稳定性及成膜性的共聚物及有机/无机复合导电聚合物材料是未来电致变色材料发展的方向。     

溶胶凝胶法制备CNT／ZnO纳米复合材料及其光催化性研究

Chemistry and Chemical Engineer School, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China     

Photobleaching of pollutant dye catalyzed by p-n junction ZnO-CuO photocatalyst under UV-visible light activation

The p-n junction ZnO/CuO nanocomposite photocatalysts are prepared via the copreripitation route. The detailed structural, compositional and optical characterization and physico-chemical properties of the obtained products are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), photoluminscience spectra (PL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping techniques. The experimental results showed that the absorption wavelength range of the ZnO/CuO nanocomposite was notably extended towards the visible-light region (400–500 nm). The photocataltic activity of the ZnO/CuO nanocomposite was evaluated based on the decomposition of by methyl orange (MeO) in aqueous solution under UV-vis light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO/CuO nanocomposite is found much better than of bare ZnO photocatalyst under the identical conditions. Factors influencing photocatalytic activity and the mechanism of photocatalysis reaction were also addressed.     

Hierarchically Structure SnO2/ZnO Nanocomposites: Preparation,Growth Mechanism and Gas Sensing Property

SnO₂/ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized from mixed ethanol and water systems and the ethanol-sensing properties of sensors based on SnO₂/ZnO were investigated. The structure and morphology of the products was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The results showed that the diameter of the liked pine needle SnO₂ was about 40 nm with a length about 300 nm, which are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the ZnO nanosheets. The growth process of the SnO₂/ZnO nanocomposite was discussed. The results of gas sensing properties of SnO₂/ZnO nanocomposite sensor showed high and quick response to ethanol vapor at 5.0 v. This sensor showed the advantages of high selectivity, strong stability, and prompt response/recovery characteristics in detecting ethanol vapor at 5.0 v.     

甘氨酸燃烧法合成纳米ZnO-MgO及其紫外光发射

ZnO-MgO nanocomposite was prepared by glycine nitrate combustion method.Its photoluminescence property, the structure and annealing temperature dependence was studied by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The results show that the photoluminescence property of ZnO-MgO nanocomposite is greatly improved compared with that of pure ZnO. Under 325 nm laser excitation, the emission spectra of the 900 ℃ treated composite sample had an obviously enhanced ultraviolet (UV) band centered at 385 nm at room temperature. The luminescence intensity of the UV band became stronger with the increase of annealing temperatures and reached a maximum at 900 ℃ but decreased at 1000 ℃. The photoluminescence intensity was mainly affected by the grain size, the crystallization and the action between ZnO and MgO nanoparticles. In addition, an appropriate G/N value was favorable for improving the UV-PL properties of the nanocomposite samples.     

Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of polyaniline/ZnO nanocomposite

Polyaniline (PANI)/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite was synthesized by in-situ polymerization. X-ray diffraction patterns, UV?Cvisible spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the composition and structure of the nanocomposite. Nanostructured PANI/ZnO composite was used as photocatalyst in the photodegradation of methylene blue dye molecules in aqueous solution. The photocatalytic activity of PANI/ZnO nanocomposite under UV and visible light irradiation was evaluated and was compared with that of ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO/PANI core?Cshell nanocomposite had greater photocatalytic activity than ZnO nanoparticles and pristine PANI under visible light irradiation. According to these results, application of PANI as a shell on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles causes the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the PANI/ZnO nanocomposite. Also UV?Cvisible spectroscopy studies showed that the absorption peak for PANI/ZnO nanocomposite has a red shift toward visible wavelengths compared with the ZnO nanoparticles and pristine PANI. The effect of different operating conditions on the photocatalytic performance of PANI/ZnO nanocomposite in the photodegradation of methylene blue dye molecules was investigated in a bath experimental setup.     

Binary Au/MWCNT and Ternary Au/ZnO/MWCNT Nanocomposites: Synthesis,Characterisation and Catalytic Performance

Gold nanoparticles of 10–24 and 5–8 nm in size were obtained by chemical citrate reduction and UV photoreduction, respectively, on acid‐treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and on ZnO/MWCNT composites. The shape and size of the deposited Au nanoparticles were found to be dependent upon the synthetic method used. Single‐crystalline, hexagonal gold particles were produced in the case of UV photoreduction on ZnO/MWCNT, whereas spherical Au particles were deposited on MWCNT when the chemical citrate reduction method was used. In the UV photoreduction route, n‐doped ZnO serves as the e^? donor, whereas the solvent is the hole trap. All materials were fully characterised by UV/Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and BET surface analysis. The catalytic activity of the composites was studied for the selective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compound 3,7‐dimethyl‐2,6‐octadienal (citral). The Au/ZnO/MWCNT composite favours the formation of unsaturated alcohols (selectivity=50 % at a citral conversion of 20 %) due to the presence of single‐crystalline, hexagonal gold particles, whereas saturated aldehyde formation is favoured in the case of the Au/MWCNT nanocomposite that contains spherical gold particles.     

A NEW KIND OF FIBER-SPUN FROM POLYSULFONAMIDE/ZINC SOLUTION

In this paper, we succeed in fabricating high-temperature fiber of polysulfonamide/ZnO. Polysulfonamide/ZnO nanocomposite was prepared by in-situ polymerization. Some studies and characterization of Polysulfonamide/ Zinc oxide nanocomposite with ZnO 0.5% have been done. It includes ηr,, Crystal degree and thermal property. Experiment＇s results showed that, ZnO as filler can improve crystal degree of polysulfonamide fiber. The crystal degree has been bnproved, from lower than 20% up to 27%. ηr of polysulfonamide/ Zinc oxide nanocomposite solution with ZnO 0.5% is 2.03. The maxinum weight loss of the nanocomposite occurred at 453.5 ℃.     

On the synthesis and characterization of ZnO/MgO nanocomposite by thermal evaporation technique

ZnO/MgO nanocomposites have been synthesized by an easy and cost effective thermal evaporation technique. Various growth temperatures ranging from 800 to 900 °C were tried. It is observed that the process temperature plays a key role in the formation of ZnO/MgO nanocomposite and the proper formation of ZnO/MgO nanocomposite occurs at 875 °C temperature as confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. Scanning electron microscopic images indicate that the ZnO/MgO nanocomposite is formed as agglomerated nanoparticles distributed over a large area. Energy dispersive X-ray analyses also reveal that the Mg composition in the synthesized nanocomposite strongly depends on the process temperature. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum exhibits a blue shift for the ZnO/MgO nanocomposite synthesized at 875 °C indicating the incorporation of Mg into the ZnO crystal lattice. A higher PL intensity ratio of band-edge to deep band emission has been observed for this sample indicating the presence of low crystalline defects.     

ZnO/Cu nanocomposite: a platform for direct electrochemistry of enzymes and biosensing applications

Unique structured nanomaterials can facilitate the direct electron transfer between redox proteins and the electrodes. Here, in situ directed growth on an electrode of a ZnO/Cu nanocomposite was prepared by a simple corrosion approach, which enables robust mechanical adhesion and electrical contact between the nanostructured ZnO and the electrodes. This is great help to realize the direct electron transfer between the electrode surface and the redox protein. SEM images demonstrate that the morphology of the ZnO/Cu nanocomposite has a large specific surface area, which is favorable to immobilize the biomolecules and construct biosensors. Using glucose oxidase (GOx) as a model, this ZnO/Cu nanocomposite is employed for immobilization of GOx and the construction of the glucose biosensor. Direct electron transfer of GOx is achieved at ZnO/Cu nanocomposite with a high heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant of 0.67 ± 0.06 s(-1). Such ZnO/Cu nanocomposite provides a good matrix for direct electrochemistry of enzymes and mediator-free enzymatic biosensors.