金属螯合物薄层色谱法分离测定化探样品中的汞、铜、锌、镉、钴、镍

目前,薄层色谱法(TLC)多用于有机物的分离、测定及制备,在无机分析中应用较少。将TLC推广到地质样品分析中,特别是野外找矿的分析工作,有较大的应用价值。     

胆囊结石患者手术前后血清SOD、LPO的变化

为研究胆囊结石患者血清中超氧化物岐化酶活性水平,过氧化脂质含量及其变化簧 嘌呤氧化酶法和硫代巴比妥酸法测定了４８例胆囊结石患者手术前后血清中ＳＯＤ活性和ＬＰＯ含量。     

血清有机磷液-质谱快速检测方法被验证

有机磷农药中毒的死亡率很高,其重要原因之一是诊断不及时。日本学者Inoue等人通过研究验证了一种简单快速的新方法——液相色谱法-大气压电离子化-质谱测定法(LC-APCI-MS法),结果证实此方法可以有效测定进入人体血清中的10种有机磷酸盐浓度(J Phar Biomedl Anal,2007,44:258)。“液液提取”或“固体萃取”方法是目前临床最常用的有机磷酸盐提取方法,但对某些特殊成分的化合物如乙酰甲胺磷则无效。Inoue等人采用液相色谱-质谱联用测定法(LC-MS)研究出一种简单快速的方法用来测定急性中毒患者血清中的10种有机磷农药浓度[乙酰甲胺磷、杀扑磷、敌敌畏、倍硫磷、苯硫磷、敌匹硫磷、甲基乙酯磷(稻丰散)、马拉硫磷、杀螟硫磷、杀螟腈]。这10种有机磷农药在日本使用广泛。具体操作程序为:使用乙腈脱蛋白后,将每种需检测的生物标本注入一个XTerra MS C18不锈钢试剂盒中,采用10mmol/L的甲酸铵-甲醇组成的溶剂进行梯度洗脱。该研究证实,将沉淀蛋白法作为样本的提纯程序,这种LC-MS方法快速可行,可以测定人体血清中的有机磷农药,并且在测定血清标本中有机磷农药时具备较高的选择性、敏感性、精确...     

高效液相制备色谱分离抗氧剂1010加成反应副产物

用高效液相制备色谱法分离、提纯抗氧剂１０１０加成反应中产生的副产物。并用红外光谱等定性方法确定提纯物结构。     

薄层色谱讲座第一讲薄层色谱法的基本技术

薄层色谱法(Thin-Layer Chromatography,简称TLC)是Kirchner等人在五十年代从经典柱色谱法及纸色谱法的基础上发展起来的一种色谱技术。六十年代后,Stahl等人对薄层色谱法的标准化、规格化及扩大应用等方面进行了许多工作,使该法日趋成熟。薄层色谱法具有设备简单、操作方便、分离快速、灵敏度及分辨率高、显色剂选择性大,以及制备薄层载量较纸色谱大,而切割色带较柱色谱方便等优点。因此,在分离分析及小量制备工作中基本取代了纸色谱法及经典柱色谱法。     

油菜籽中主要硫甙的提纯与抗肿瘤活性

油菜籽中主要硫甙的提纯与抗肿瘤活性;硫代葡萄糖苷;分离提纯;S180;抗肿瘤作用     

提纯烟气脱硫渣载氧体煤化学链燃烧性能研究

基于电厂烟气脱硫渣,采用多步酸洗工艺加以提纯并制备获得CaSO_4载氧体。在高温固定床反应器上研究了还原反应温度、载氧体过量系数Φ、多次还原氧化循环等因素对提纯脱硫渣载氧体与煤化学链燃烧特性和气相硫演化规律的影响。结果表明,提纯脱硫渣载氧体有较高的反应活性,能够促进煤的充分转化;综合考虑碳的转化以及气相硫释放的抑制,最优反应工况中还原反应温度确定为900℃、载氧体过量系数Φ=1.0为最佳。经过五次还原氧化循环实验发现,随着循环次数的增加,CaSO_4副反应的进行及气相硫的不断释放,导致提纯脱硫渣载氧体循环反应活性略有降低,反应稳定性受到了一定的影响。     

离子色谱法同时测定大米中的硫和氯

植物样品中硫和氯的测定,在常规分析中一般是分别取样测定。离子色谱法测定硫和氯虽有不少报道,但测定大米中的硫和氯尚未见到。本文研究了用离子色谱法同时测定大米中硫和氯的方法,此方法通过加入碳酸钠灰化样品、水提取、阳离     

薄层层析-光度法联用测定甲基对硫膦中o,o′-二甲基-对硝基苯基硫代膦酸酯

应用薄层色谱法(TLC)使对硫膦中的主成分,o,o′-二甲基-对硝基苯基硫代膦酸酯(DMNPTP),与以杂质共存的二硝基与邻硝基衍生物分离。TLC法中用硅胶(G254)作吸附剂,用石油醚与乙酸乙酯(8 2)的混合物作为展开溶剂,经TCL分离后,用刀片将样品(含DMNPTP)的色谱带括下,经蒸发除去有机溶剂,用硝酸-高氯酸加热消化并蒸发至干后,用硝酸溶解残渣。此时,溶液中原来以DMNPTP存在的化合物已转化为正磷酸盐,随即用磷钒钼杂多酸光度法测定其磷含量,测定波长为其吸收峰450 nm,由测定值换算为DMNPTP的含量。     

提纯烟气脱硫渣载氧体煤化学链燃烧性能研究

基于电厂烟气脱硫渣，采用多步酸洗工艺加以提纯并制备获得CaSO₄载氧体。在高温固定床反应器上研究了还原反应温度、载氧体过量系数Φ、多次还原氧化循环等因素对提纯脱硫渣载氧体与煤化学链燃烧特性和气相硫演化规律的影响。结果表明，提纯脱硫渣载氧体有较高的反应活性，能够促进煤的充分转化；综合考虑碳的转化以及气相硫释放的抑制，最优反应工况中还原反应温度确定为900℃、载氧体过量系数Φ=1.0为最佳。经过五次还原氧化循环实验发现，随着循环次数的增加，CaSO₄副反应的进行及气相硫的不断释放，导致提纯脱硫渣载氧体循环反应活性略有降低，反应稳定性受到了一定的影响。     

Enzymatic Synthesis of Homogeneous Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfated polysaccharide that plays essential physiological roles. Here, we report an enzyme‐based method for the synthesis of a library of 15 different CS oligosaccharides. This library covers 4‐O‐sulfated and 6‐O‐sulfated oligosaccharides ranging from trisaccharides to nonasaccharides. We also describe the synthesis of unnatural 6‐O‐sulfated CS pentasaccharides containing either a 6‐O‐sulfo‐2‐azidogalactosamine or a 6‐O‐sulfogalactosamine residue. The availability of structurally defined CS oligosaccharides offers a novel approach to investigate the biological functions of CS.     

Synthesis of sulfated galactocerebrosides from an orthogonal beta-D-galactosylceramide scaffold for the study of CD1-antigen interactions

CD1a protein binds sulfatide (3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosylceramide) to form an antigen complex that interacts with T cell receptors and activates T cells. To assess the role of the position of the sulfate in T cell activation, the synthesis of three beta-D-galactosylceramides, variously bearing a sulfate at position 2, 4, or 6 of galactose, has been planned and carried out. The compounds were synthesized by an orthogonal sulfation strategy from a common beta-D-galactosylceramide scaffold, which was in turn obtained through an efficient glycosylation reaction between a fully orthogonally protected galactosyl imidate and 3-O-benzoylazidosphingosine. Immunological evaluation of the three sulfated compounds in CD1a-mediated T cell activation, in comparison with natural sulfatide, provided evidence of the influence of the sulfate position in the recognition event between the antigen, the CD1 protein and the T cell receptor.     

Quantification of brain lipids by FTIR spectroscopy and partial least squares regression

Brain tissue is characterized by high lipid content. Its content decreases and the lipid composition changes during transformation from normal brain tissue to tumors. Therefore, the analysis of brain lipids might complement the existing diagnostic tools to determine the tumor type and tumor grade. Objective of this work is to extract lipids from gray matter and white matter of porcine brain tissue, record infrared (IR) spectra of these extracts and develop a quantification model for the main lipids based on partial least squares (PLS) regression. IR spectra of the pure lipids cholesterol, cholesterol ester, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, galactocerebroside and sulfatide were used as references. Two lipid mixtures were prepared for training and validation of the quantification model. The composition of lipid extracts that were predicted by the PLS regression of IR spectra was compared with lipid quantification by thin layer chromatography.     

Enantiomeric separation of R,S‐tolterodine and R,S‐methoxytolterodine with negatively charged cyclodextrins by capillary electrophoresis

The methods for separation of R,S‐tolterodine and R,S‐methoxytolterodine enantiomers using sulfated α‐, β‐CD and phosphated‐γ‐CD by CE in acidic BGE based on Tris/phosphate pH 2.5 buffer were developed. Sulfated α‐ and β‐CD allow anodic detection while phosphated‐γ‐CD allows only cathodic detection of the separated enantiomers. The influence of chiral selector (CS)'s concentration as well as the influence of composition and concentration of BGE on resolutions were studied. Reversal migration order of tolterodine and methoxytolterodine enantiomers was observed, when sulfated‐α‐ and sulfated‐β‐CD were used. The developed methods with all three studied CSs, were validated and compared. All proposed methods enable determination of 0.2% of S‐tolterodine as an optical impurity in pills, however the method with phosphated‐γ‐CD provided lower detection limit, better repeatability of peak areas and migration times, and also lower consumption of CS. Developed method employing phosphated‐γ‐CD that was applied for the determination of optical purity of R‐tolterodine in commercial pills.     

Synthetic Studies on Selectin Ligands/Inhibitors: Synthesis and Inhibitory Activity of 2-O-Fucosyl Sulfatides Containing 2-Branched Fatty Alkyl Residues in Place of Ceramide

Abstract

To investigate the biological selectin-ligand interactions, four sulfated 2-O-α-L-fucopyranosyl β-D-galactopyranosides containing 2-branched fatty-alkyl residues in place of ceramide have been systematically synthesized. The target glycolipids were assayed for their ability to block the adhesion of HL-60 cells to immobilized P-, L- and E-selectin. Among them, 2-O-α-L-fucopyranosyl sulfatide, which is anchored with 2-(tetradecyl) hexadecyl residue showed significantly more potency of the blocking adhesion to P- and L-selectins.     

On-line sheathless capillary electrophoresis/nanoelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides

A novel approach in glycosaminoglycomics, based on sheathless on-line capillary electrophoresis/nanoelectrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (CE/nanoESI-QTOF-MS) and tandem MS of extended chondroitin sulfate/dermatan (CS/DS) oligosaccharide chains is described. The methodology required the construction of a new sheathless CE/nanoESI-QTOF-MS configuration, its implementation and optimization for the high sensitivity analysis of CS/DS oligosaccharide mixtures from conditioned culture medium of decorin transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Under newly established sheathless on-line CE/(-)nanoESI conditions for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) ionization and MS detection, single CS/DS oligosaccharide components of extended chain length and increased sulfation degree were identified. Molecular ions corresponding to species carrying 5 and 6 negative charges could be generated for large GAG oligosaccharide species in the negative ion nanoESI-MS. The optimized on-line conditions enabled the detection of molecular ions assigned to oversulfated tetradeca-, octadeca-, and eicosasaccharide CS/DS molecules, which represent the category of largest sulfated GAG-derived oligosaccharides evidenced by CE/ESI-MS. By on-line CE/ESI tandem MS in data-dependent acquisition mode the oversulfated eicosasaccharide species could be sequenced and the localization of the additional sulfate group along the chain could be determined.     

Using ambient ozone for assignment of double bond position in unsaturated lipids

Unsaturated lipids deposited onto a range of materials are observed to react with the low concentrations of ozone present in normal laboratory air. Parent lipids and ozonolysis cleavage products are both detected directly from surfaces by desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) with the resulting mass spectra providing clear evidence of the double bond position within these molecules. This serendipitous process has been coupled with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to provide a simple but powerful approach for the detailed structural elucidation of lipids present in complex biological extracts. Lipid extracts from human lens were deposited onto normal phase TLC plates and then developed to separate components according to lipid class. Exposure of the developed plates to laboratory air for ca. 1 h prior to DESI-MS analysis gave rise to ozonolysis products allowing for the unambiguous identification of double bond positions in even low abundant, unsaturated lipids. In particular, the co-localization of intact unsaturated lactosylceramides (LacCer) with products from their oxidative cleavage provide the first evidence for the presence of three isomeric LacCer (d18:0/24:1) species in the ocular lens lipidome, i.e., variants with double bonds at the n-9, n-7 and n-5 positions.     

Unsaponified Compounds and Unsaturated Fatty Acids of Lipids from Mediasia macrophylla Leaves

Unsaponified compounds of lipids from Mediasia macrophylla were investigated. They were found to contain about 50% essential oil. The content of petroselinic acid in the mixture of acids isolated from the neutral lipids and glycolipids of the leaves was determined by TLC, GC, and destructive oxidation.     

Hyaluronan/Collagen Hydrogels with Sulfated Hyaluronan for Improved Repair of Vascularized Tissue Tune the Binding of Proteins and Promote Endothelial Cell Growth

Innovative biomaterial‐based concepts are required to improve wound healing of damaged vascularized tissues especially in elderly multimorbid patients. To develop functional hydrogels as 3D cellular microenvironments and as carrier or scavenging systems, e.g., for mediator proteins or proinflammatory factors, collagen fibrils are embedded into a network of photo‐crosslinked acrylated hyaluronan (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), or sulfated HA (sHA). After lyophilization, the gels show a porous structure and an improved stability against degradation via hyaluronidase. Gels with CS and sHA bind significantly more lysozyme than HA/collagen gels and retard its release. The proliferation and metabolic activity of endothelial cells are significantly increased on sHA gels compared to CS‐ or only HA‐containing hydrogels. These findings highlight the potential of HA/collagen hydrogels with sulfated glycosaminoglycans to tune the protein binding and release behavior and to directly modulate cellular response. This can be easily translated into biomimetic biomaterials with defined properties to stimulate wound healing.     

Triterpene Glycosides Analyzed by Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography

Two-dimensional TLC with judiciously chosen solvent systems that differ in pH values is proposed for identification of triterpene glycosides in plant extracts (mono- and bisdesmosidic, acidic, sulfated, acylated)