Facile synthesis of highly biocompatible poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine)-coated gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution

Diblock copolymers comprising a highly biocompatible poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) block and a poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMA) block were evaluated for the synthesis of sterically stabilized gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution. The PDMA block becomes partially protonated on addition of HAuCl4, and the remaining nonprotonated tertiary amine groups reduce the AuCl4- counterion to zerovalent gold in situ. This approach results in the adsorption of the PDMA block onto the gold nanoparticle surface while the PMPC chains serve as a stabilizing block, producing highly biocompatible gold sols in aqueous solution at ambient temperature without any external reducing agent. The size and shape of gold nanoparticles could be readily controlled by tuning synthesis parameters such as the block composition and the relative and absolute concentrations of the PMPC-PDMA diblock copolymer and HAuCl4. These highly biocompatible gold sols have potential biomedical applications.     

Aqueous dispersion polymerization: a new paradigm for in situ block copolymer self-assembly in concentrated solution

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization has been utilized to polymerize 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) using a water-soluble macromolecular chain transfer agent based on poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylphosphorylcholine) (PMPC). A detailed phase diagram has been elucidated for this aqueous dispersion polymerization formulation that reliably predicts the precise block compositions associated with well-defined particle morphologies (i.e., pure phases). Unlike the ad hoc approaches described in the literature, this strategy enables the facile, efficient, and reproducible preparation of diblock copolymer spheres, worms, or vesicles directly in concentrated aqueous solution. Chain extension of the highly hydrated zwitterionic PMPC block with HPMA in water at 70 °C produces a hydrophobic poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA) block, which drives in situ self-assembly to form well-defined diblock copolymer spheres, worms, or vesicles. The final particle morphology obtained at full monomer conversion is dictated by (i) the target degree of polymerization of the PHPMA block and (ii) the total solids concentration at which the HPMA polymerization is conducted. Moreover, if the targeted diblock copolymer composition corresponds to vesicle phase space at full monomer conversion, the in situ particle morphology evolves from spheres to worms to vesicles during the in situ polymerization of HPMA. In the case of PMPC(25)-PHPMA(400) particles, this systematic approach allows the direct, reproducible, and highly efficient preparation of either block copolymer vesicles at up to 25% solids or well-defined worms at 16-25% solids in aqueous solution.     

Water-dispersible Fe3O4 nanoparticles stabilized with a biodegradable amphiphilic copolymer

In this work, we report a green synthetic method using water-dispersible magnetite nanoparticles containing oleic acid and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) diblock copolymer as the magnetite nanoparticle dispersants. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation and had a bilayer surface with a hydrophobic inner poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) layer and hydrophilic corona poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POX) blocks. Also, the role of the ultrasonicating treatment's duration on the percent of magnetite in the complex and on its magnetic properties was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the average particle size to be about 10–20 nm in diameter for nanoparticles.     

Anionic polyelectrolyte-stabilized nanoparticles via RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization

We report the synthesis of anionic sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles via polymerization-induced self-assembly using a RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization formulation. The anionic steric stabilizer is a macromolecular chain-transfer agent (macro-CTA) based on poly(potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) (PKSPMA), and the hydrophobic core-forming block is based on poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA). The effect of varying synthesis parameters such as the salt concentration, solids content, relative block composition, and anionic charge density has been studied. In the absence of salt, self-assembly is problematic when using a PKSPMA stabilizer because of lateral repulsion between highly charged anionic chains. However, in the presence of added salt this problem can be overcome by reducing the charge density within the coronal stabilizer layer by either (i) statistically copolymerizing the KSPMA monomer with a nonionic comonomer (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, HEMA) or (ii) using a binary mixture of a PKSPMA macro-CTA and a poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) macro-CTA. These diblock copolymer nanoparticles were analyzed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and aqueous electrophoresis. NMR studies suggest that the HPMA polymerization is complete within 2 h at 70 °C, and DMF GPC analysis confirms that the resulting diblock copolymers have relatively low polydispersities (M(w)/M(n) < 1.30). NMR also suggests a significant degree of hydration for the core-forming PHPMA chains. Depending on the specific reaction conditions, a series of spherical nanoparticles with mean diameters ranging from 50 to 200 nm with tunable anionic surface charge can be prepared. If a binary mixture of anionic and nonionic macro-CTAs is utilized, then it is also possible to access a vesicular morphology.     

All-acrylic film-forming colloidal polymer/silica nanocomposite particles prepared by aqueous emulsion polymerization

The efficient synthesis of all-acrylic, film-forming, core-shell colloidal nanocomposite particles via in situ aqueous emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with n-butyl acrylate in the presence of a glycerol-functionalized ultrafine silica sol using a cationic azo initiator at 60 °C is reported. It is shown that relatively monodisperse nanocomposite particles can be produced with typical mean weight-average diameters of 140-330 nm and silica contents of up to 39 wt %. The importance of surface functionalization of the silica sol is highlighted, and it is demonstrated that systematic variation of parameters such as the initial silica sol concentration and initiator concentration affect both the mean particle diameter and the silica aggregation efficiency. The nanocomposite morphology comprises a copolymer core and a particulate silica shell, as determined by aqueous electrophoresis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Moreover, it is shown that films cast from n-butyl acrylate-rich copolymer/silica nanocomposite dispersions are significantly more transparent than those prepared from the poly(styrene-co-n-butyl acrylate)/silica nanocomposite particles reported previously. In the case of the aqueous emulsion homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of ultrafine silica, a particle formation mechanism is proposed to account for the various experimental observations made when periodically sampling such nanocomposite syntheses at intermediate comonomer conversions.     

Preparation of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)/polyester diblock copolymers and examination of the gel‐to‐sol transition

Diblock copolymers consisting of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) and poly(?‐caprolactone) (PCL), poly(δ‐valerolactone) (PVL), poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA), or poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) as biodegradable polyesters were prepared to examine the phase transition of diblock copolymer solutions. MPEG–PCL and MPEG–PVL diblock copolymers and MPEG–PLLA and MPEG–PLGA diblock copolymers were synthesized by the ring‐opening polymerization of ?‐caprolactone or δ‐valerolactone in the presence of HCl · Et₂O as a monomer activator at room temperature and by the ring‐opening polymerization of L ‐lactide or a mixture of L ‐lactide and glycolide in the presence of stannous octoate at 130 °C, respectively. The synthesized diblock copolymers were characterized with ¹H NMR, IR, and gel permeation chromatography. The phase transitions for diblock copolymer aqueous solutions of various concentrations were explored according to the temperature variation. The diblock copolymer solutions exhibited the phase transition from gel to sol with increasing temperature. As the polyester block length of the diblock copolymers increased, the gel‐to‐sol transition moved to a lower concentration region. The gel‐to‐sol transition showed a dependence on the length of the polyester block segment. According to X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry thermal studies, the gel‐to‐sol transition of the diblock copolymer solutions depended on their degrees of crystallinity because water could easily diffuse into amorphous polymers in comparison with polymers with a crystalline structure. The crystallinity markedly depended on both the distinct character and composition of the block segment. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5784–5793, 2004     

Amphiphilic polymers as pseudotemplates in the synthesis of metal sols

The effects of poly(ethylene glycol) and its amphiphilic polymers on the products of copper ion reduction in aqueous solutions are studied. Whereas coarse metal dispersions are formed in poly(ethylene glycol) solutions, stable sols of metal nanoparticles with diameters of 2 nm and above are produced in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol monolaurate) and poly(ethylene glycol monostearate). A poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol) block copolymer (Pluronic) also stabilizes copper nanoparticles; however, the interaction product of this copolymer with nanoparticles forms a precipitate. According to the electron microscopy data, sol particles comprise polymer micelles containing included copper nanoparticles.     

Preparation and characterization of MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers with thermo‐responsive sol–gel–sol phase transition

MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers consisting of methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG, 750 g/mol) and poly(?‐caprolactone) (PCL) were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization. Aqueous solutions of the synthesized diblock copolymers were prepared by dissolving the MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers at concentrations in the range of 0–20 wt %. When the PCL molecular weight was 3000 or greater, the polymer was only partially soluble in water. As the temperature was increased from room temperature, the diblock copolymer solutions showed two phase transitions: a sol‐to‐gel transition and a gel‐to‐sol transition. The sol‐to‐gel phase transition temperature decreased substantially with increasing PCL length. The sol–gel–sol transition with the increase in temperature was confirmed by monitoring the viscosity as a function of temperature. The temperature ranges of the phase transitions measured by the tilting method were in full agreement with those determined from the viscosity measurements. The maximum viscosity of the copolymer solution increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the diblock copolymer and with increasing copolymer concentration. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses revealed that the diblock copolymers exhibited crystalline domains that favored the formation of an aggregated gel because of the tight aggregation and strong packing interactions between PCL blocks. Scanning electron micrographs of the diblock copolymer solutions in the sol state showed interconnected polyhedral pore structures, whereas those of the gel state revealed a fibrillar‐like morphology. Atomic force microscope (AFM) studies of the sol and gel surfaces showed that the sol surface was covered with fine globular particles, whereas the gel surface was covered with particles in micron‐scale irregular islets. These findings are consistent with uniform mixing of the diblock copolymer and water in the sol state, and aggregation of PCL blocks in the gel state. In conclusion, we confirm that the MPEG–PCL diblock copolymer solution exhibited a sol–gel–sol transition as a function of temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5413–5423, 2006     

An efficient route to aqueous phase synthesis of nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3 with high porosity: from stable boehmite colloids to large pore mesoporous alumina

In this paper we emphasise the important role of Pluronic F127 on the porosity of mesoporous alumina prepared from boehmite colloids. By focusing on the F127/boehmite interactions we show how the concepts of interface science may help to predict and improve the textural characteristics of mesoporous alumina. By varying the synthetic parameters, in particular the copolymer content, we show that the porosity of γ-Al(2)O(3) can be enhanced by 400% and the average pore diameter can be expanded from 5 to 14 nm. These results are discussed in terms of interactions between the Pluronic F127 and boehmite colloids, and are correlated to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the copolymer. The textural characteristics of the mesoporous alumina can be further improved either by introducing hydrocarbons in the preformed boehmite/copolymer sols or by concentrating the sols. In comparison with as-synthesised alumina, those prepared with F127 showed improved thermal stability. Furthermore, boehmite/copolymer sols were stable for all surfactant concentrations investigated and can give high quality coatings suitable for catalytic applications.     

Effect of hydrophobicity inside PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer micelles on the stabilization of gold nanoparticles: experiments

In this paper we present the effect of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer micelles and their hydrophobicity on the stabilization of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by a method developed by Sakai et al. (Sakai, T.; Alexandridis, P. Langmuir 2004, 20, 8426). An absorption centered at 300-400 nm in time-dependent UV spectra provided evidence that the very first step of the synthesis was to form primary gold clusters. Then the gold clusters grew in size and were stabilized by block copolymer micelles. The stabilization capacities of the micelles were modulated by tuning the block copolymer concentration and composition and by adding salts. With good stabilization, gold particles were spherical and uniform in size with a diameter of 5-10 nm. Otherwise they were aggregates with irregular shapes such as triangular, hexagonal, and rodlike. The presence of a small amount of NaF significantly increased the stabilization capacity of the micelles and consequently modified the quality of the gold particles. Using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, micellization of the block copolymers and hydrophobicity of the micelles were proven very important for the stabilization. A higher hydrophobicity of the micelle cores was expected to favor the entrapment of primary gold clusters and the stabilization of gold nanoparticles.     

Formation of block copolymer-protected nanoparticles via reactive impingement mixing

Reactive impingement mixing was employed to produce polymer-protected nanoparticles. Amphiphilic block copolymer was formed in situ by reactive coupling of hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks. Simultaneously, a hydrophobic compound and the copolymer coprecipitated to form nanoparticles in the range of 100 nm. Specifically, beta-carotene was stabilized by the amphiphilic diblock copolymer, formed from the reaction of an amino-terminated hydrophilic block, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-NH2), with an acid chloride-terminated hydrophobic block, either poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL-COCl) or polystyrene (PS-COCl). Spherical particles were observed by scanning and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Process conditions, including feed concentration of beta-carotene and feed concentrations of polymeric stabilizers, had little or no effect on average particle sizes over the range studied. Further, for Reynolds numbers greater than 500 the feed flow rates also had no effect. The effect of glass transition temperature (Tg) of the hydrophobic polymer on morphology and particle formation mechanism is discussed.     

Preparation of primary amine-based block copolymer vesicles by direct dissolution in water and subsequent stabilization by sol-gel chemistry

A new amphiphilic biocompatible diblock copolymer, poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-block-poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate), PCL-b-PAMA, was synthesized in three steps by (i) ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone, (ii) end-group modification by esterification, and (iii) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride (AMA) in its hydrochloride salt form. This copolymer forms block copolymer vesicles with the hydrophobic PCL block forming the vesicle membrane. Unusually, these vesicles are easily prepared by direct dissolution in water without using organic co-solvents, pH adjustment, or even stirring. These vesicles can be stabilized by aqueous sol-gel chemistry using tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) as the silica precursor. It is well-known that cationic polymers can catalyze silica formation, but in this particular case, it seems that the TMOS precursor is solubilized within the hydrophobic PCL membrane. Thus, the neutral membrane actually directs silica formation, rather than the cationic PAMA chains. The final vesicle morphology and the silica content depend on the silicification conditions. Provided that the TMOS/AMA molar ratio does not exceed 10:1, silicification is solely confined within the PCL membrane. At higher ratios, silica nanoparticles (5-12 nm) are also observed on the outer surface of the silicified vesicles. However, these nanoparticles appear to be only weakly adsorbed, since they can be easily removed by dialysis. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the silicified vesicles varies from 175 to 205 nm with solution pH due to (de)protonation of the externally expressed PAMA chains. Calcination of the silicified vesicles at 800 degrees C leads to the formation of hollow silica particles. 1H NMR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), aqueous electrophoresis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize the vesicles, both before and after silicification.     

Preparation of colloidal solutions of noble metals stabilized by polyoxometalates and supported catalysts based on these solutions

Conditions for the preparation of stable aqueous monometallic and bimetallic colloidal solutions (sols) of noble metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt, Ir, Ag, and Au) in the presence of polyoxometalates containing W, Mo, V, and Nb were found. The stability of sols against coagulation at room temperature was studied. The metal/C samples prepared by metal adsorption from sols were studied by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The following factors of importance for the preparation of a stable sol are discussed: (1) the formation of a sol of a metal polyhydroxo complex stabilized by a polyoxometalate (preliminary stage) and (2) the formation of polyoxometalate-metal clusters in the course of reduction of polyhydroxo complexes.Translated from Kinetika i Kataliz, Vol. 45, No. 6, 2004, pp. 921–929.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Maksimova, Chuvilin, Moroz, Likholobov, Matveev.     

低温制备具有强荧光性能三氧化钼纳米带水溶胶

通过过氧化途径,在低温(100℃)且不使用模板和有机溶剂的条件下,成功制备了具有良好荧光性能的三氧化钼(MoO3)纳米带水溶胶.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、荧光光谱仪、荧光显微镜等表征手段对所制备溶胶的结构及性能进行了表征.结果显示,溶胶是由长度约为100μm,宽度为50nm到100nm,厚度小于10nm的MoO3纳米带组成.所制备的溶胶烘干后可以得到大面积的MoO3纳米带薄膜,薄膜具有很好的韧性.荧光光谱图及荧光显微镜照片显示,纳米带溶胶及干燥后所得到的自支撑(free standing)纳米带薄膜均具有良好的荧光性能,表明其在光学成像、传感及LED等方面具有很好的应用前景.     

Synthesis and characterization of shell cross-linked micelles with hydroxy-functional coronas: a pragmatic alternative to dendrimers?

Shell cross-linked (SCL) micelles with hydroxy-functional coronas have been constructed in aqueous solution by exploiting the micellar self-assembly behavior of a new thermoresponsive ABC triblock copolymer. This copolymer was prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization in a convenient one-pot synthesis and comprised a thermoresponsive core-forming poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) block, a cross-linkable central poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (DMA) block, and a hydroxy-functional outer block based on poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (GMA). DMF GPC analysis confirmed a unimodal molecular weight distribution for the PPO-PDMA-PGMA triblock copolymer precursor, with an M(n) of 12 100 and a polydispersity of approximately 1.26. This copolymer dissolved molecularly in aqueous solution at 5 degrees C but formed micelles with hydroxy-functional coronas above a critical micelle temperature of around 12 degrees C, which corresponded closely to the cloud point of the PPO macroinitiator. Cross-linking of the DMA residues using 1,2-bis(2-iodoethoxy)ethane produced SCL micelles that remained intact at 5 degrees C, i.e., below the cloud point of the core-forming PPO block. Dynamic light scattering studies confirmed that the SCL micelle diameter could be varied depending on the temperature employed for cross-linking: smaller, more compact SCL micelles were formed at higher temperatures, as expected. Since cross-linking involved quaternization of the DMA residues, the SCL micelles acquired cationic surface charge as judged by aqueous electrophoresis studies. These cationic SCL micelles were adsorbed onto near-monodisperse anionic silica sols, which were used as a model colloidal substrate. Thermogravimetric analyses indicated a SCL micelle mass loading of 2.5-4.4%, depending on the silica sol diameter and the initial micelle concentration. Aqueous electrophoresis measurements confirmed that surface charge reversal occurred after adsorption of the SCL micelles, and scanning electron microscopy studies revealed a uniform coating of SCL micelles on the silica particles.     

Effects of ageing conditions and block copolymer concentration on the stability and micellization of P123-Ti<Superscript>4+</Superscript> sols prepared by the templating method

In the work reported here we studied, for the first time, the effects of ageing conditions (temperature and time) on the stability and micellization of two sets of sols with different P123 block copolymer (BC) concentrations by use of dynamic light scattering (DLS). Further, for a comparative study the aggregation/clustering behavior of pure P123 in IPA solution was also examined by DLS, and ¹H NMR, and Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. Different ageing regimes applied to the samples prepared included: (i) in-situ ageing of the sols in the sealed capillary cell of the DLS system at room temperature for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 19 h, (ii) ageing of the sols in a Teflon-lined sealed vessel at 50, 55, 60, and 65 °C for 30 min, and (iii) isothermal ageing of the synthesized sols at 50 °C for 1, 4, 8, and 14 days. On the basis of the results obtained it is shown that both ageing time and temperature have remarkable effects on the clustering and aggregation of unimer/micelles formed in the sol system studied. Further, quantitative analysis of interparticle potential energy carried out for the prepared sol at low concentration confirmed that steric interactions play the major role among the other contributing sources of energy. This is mainly related to the presence of BC and the complex polymer structure formed by acetyl acetone (ACAC). Moreover, on the basis of the calculated stability ratio for this sol, we believe that reaction-limited cluster aggregation (RLCA) is possibly the major governing mechanism. Finally, kinetic and dynamic aspects of the micellar aggregates formed are also discussed in this paper.     

Brush-type amphiphilic diblock copolymers from "living"/controlled radical polymerizations and their aggregation behavior

Two brush-type amphiphilic diblock copolymers, poly(poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate-block-polystyrene) (P(PEGMA)-b-PS) and poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly(poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (P(GMA)-b-P(PEGMA)) were synthesized, respectively, via consecutive atom-transfer radical polymerizations (ATRPs) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerizations. The diblock copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The aggregation behavior of the two amphiphilic diblock copolymers in water was also studied. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopic images revealed that spherical micelles (40-80 nm in diameter) from self-assembly of the P(PEGMA)-b-PS copolymers and wormlike micelles (60-120 nm in length and 20-30 nm in diameter) from self-assembly of the P(GMA)-b-P(PEGMA) copolymers were prevalent. The spherical P(PEGMA)-b-PS micelles could self-assemble gradually into giant aggregates of several micrometers in diameter.     

Thermoreversible gelation of poly(ethylene oxide) biodegradable polyester block copolymers. II

Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(L-lactic acid) (PEO-PLLA) diblock copolymers were synthesized via a ring opening polymerization from poly(ethylene oxide) and l -lactide. Stannous octoate was used as a catalyst in a solution polymerization with toluene as the solvent. Their physicochemical properties were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy, ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry, as well as the observational data of gel-sol transitions in aqueous solutions. Aqueous solutions of PEO-PLLA diblock copolymers changed from a gel phase to a sol phase with increasing temperature when their polymer concentrations are above a critical gel concentration. As the PLLA block length increased, the gel-sol transition temperature increased. For comparison, diblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(l -lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) [PEO-P(LLA/GA)] and poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(dl -lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) [PEO-P(DLLA/GA)] were synthesized by the same methods, and their gel-sol transition behaviors were also investigated. The gel-sol transition properties of these diblock copolymers are influenced by the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the copolymer, block length, hydrophobicity, and stereoregularity of the hydrophobic block of the copolymer. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2207–2218, 1999     

Synthesis and characterization of nano Ag end capped L-cysteine bridged diblock copolymer

The target of the present investigation is synthesis and characterization of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer with antibacterial property. Ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was carried out under inert atmosphere by using L-cysteine as a bridging agent in the presence of stannous octoate (SO) as a catalyst. The nano silver end capped diblock copolymer was synthesized by in situ method. Thus obtained nano silver end capped L-cysteine bridged diblock copolymer was characterized by various analytical methods like Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and zeta potential. The antimicrobial property of the nano silver end capped diblock copolymer against e-coli was tested.     

疏水增透SiO2膜的制备及其性能研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和二甲基二乙氧基硅烷(DDS)为前驱体，在碱催化体系中通过选择合适的原料配比以及对体系溶胶 凝胶过程的控制使DDS和TEOS的水解产物发生共缩聚反应，进而制备出改性的SiO2溶胶，并采用旋转镀膜法(spin coating)直接获得了同时具有良好疏水和增透性能的SiO2光学膜，克服了增透膜防潮性能差的缺点.同时采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、粒度分布（SDP）等手段研究了不同条件下溶胶的性质及其对膜层性能的影响，并与未经改性的SiO2增透膜进行了比较，结果表明改性后的膜层不仅疏水性大大增加，且在相同镀膜条件下，膜层的厚度随着老化时间的延长增加较小，故其透过率曲线在300～800 nm范围内不易出现多个增透峰.