新型净化器对PM2.5去除率逾99%

<正>上海理工大学环境与建筑学院陈剑波教授科研团队,经过多年潜心研究,自主研发出一款高性能的空气净化器,能够有效去除0.3μm以下微粒。根据上海市环境保护产品质量监督检验总站检测,此款新型净化器对PM2.5去除率超过99%、甲醛的净化效率达到96%;经瑞士公证行SGS检测,对总挥发性有机化合物净化效率达到96.5%。陈剑波说,与传统空气吸附剂(活性炭等)相比最大的不同是该款净化器中研发的空气净化媒介不仅能够物理吸附,还能不断地将污染物分子进行催化氧化分解,瓦解污染     

TiO2/柚子皮生物质活性炭复合材料的制备和吸附光降解性研究

本文以自制柚子皮生物质活性炭为原料,采用凝胶-溶胶法合成TiO2/柚子皮生物质活性炭复合材料(TiO2/BAC)。对复合材料进行SEM、FTIR、XRD等表征,并研究该复合材料对中性红、亚甲基蓝染料及甲醛的吸附降解性能。结果表明,在复合材料中柚子皮生物质活性炭的添加量为7 g、预吸附时间为2 h时,对染料具有最佳的吸附降解效果,复合材料在循环使用5次后对染料的吸附降解率仍达到了80 %以上。当活性炭的添加量为6 g、复合材料的添加量为2 g时,复合材料对甲醛的吸附降解达到最大,可达61%。表明该复合材料对中性红、亚甲基蓝染料及甲醛具有良好的吸附降解效果,有望用于废水染料的去除和家居甲醛净化。     

空气净化器对室内甲醛净化效果的实验研究

利用研制的多功能环境试验舱提供相对独立和稳定的环境条件,以甲醛为挥发性目标污染物,对所选取的代表性空气净化器的甲醛净化效果进行测试,计算了空气净化器对甲醛的洁净空气量,净化效率和去除率等。结果表明,空气净化器对甲醛净化效率随着相对湿度的增大而明显降低,随着空气流速的增大而有所提高,而室内温度对其影响并不明显。采用物理和化学净化技术相结合的空气净化器的甲醛净化效率明显优于采用单一的物理吸附净化技术的空气净化器。     

流动注射分光光度法测定水样及空气中微量甲醛

在以乙酸铵为缓冲溶液的介质中,甲醛、铵以及乙酰乙酸甲酯混合反应所生成的有色物质在375 nm波长处有最大吸收。基于这一原理,研究建立了测定空气及水样中微量甲醛的流动注射分光光度法。探讨了最佳的实验条件,在最佳实验条件下,方法的检出限是0.096mg/L,且甲醛标准液在0.12~8.0×10-5mol/L之间符合朗伯比尔定律。对于空气中低浓度的甲醛,建立了活性炭在线富集与流动注射相结合的方法,探讨了不同品牌,不同颗粒度的活性炭的吸附能力。应用本法对实际水样及空气样品进行了测定。     

MIEX~在饮用水净化中的应用研究进展

磁性树脂(MIEX)作为一种新型强碱型阴离子交换树脂能够通过离子交换作用去除水体中天然有机物和无机阴离子。与传统离子交换树脂相比,MIEX具有吸附速率快,易再生等优势,正逐渐应用于饮用水净化与深度处理领域。论文综述了MIEX的主要理化特性;在水处理中的应用效果,包括对目标污染物的去除以及受溶液pH值,温度,竞争吸附离子等的影响;阐述了MIEX与混凝、活性炭、膜滤等常规处理工艺集成的可行性及优势;最后对MIEX和磁性树脂技术在国内饮用水处理应用过程中面临的问题提出了建议和展望。     

基于电镀废水中复合污染物高效去除的新型磁性树脂组合工艺研究

选用磁性丙烯酸系阳离子交换树脂(NDMC)、磁性丙烯酸系阴离子交换树脂(NDMP)对Cu(II)、Ni(II)和丹宁酸(TA)复合组分污染物进行了去除实验。通过改变树脂组合方式,优选出的最佳工艺为NDMC与NDMP混合吸附的NDMC+NDMP工艺。在最优条件下,该工艺能够同时高效去除Cu(II)、Ni(II)和丹宁酸复合污染物,三者去除率可分别达到84.3%、74.5%和93.0%。进一步对比分析了预负载实验与共去除实验的性能规律,推测出NDMC树脂共去除重金属离子和溶解性有机物(DOM)的作用机制,包括磁性颗粒对Metal-DOM络合物的吸附作用以及固相负载重金属离子与DOM的络合作用,且前者为主导作用方式。     

炭化树脂对水溶液中二氯甲烷的吸附性能研究

以废弃的大孔吸附树脂为原料制备炭化树脂,研究了炭化树脂吸附去除有毒有机物二氯甲烷的效果,并和水处理中常用的活性炭JW-208进行了对照,2种吸附剂对二氯甲烷的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程.在实验浓度和温度范围内,炭化树脂对水中二氯甲烷的静态吸附能力优于活性炭JW-208的吸附能力(前者是后者的1.7~2.7倍),其吸附处理量和吸附处理效果都优于活性炭.     

THE REVIEW OF MIEX(R) IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT

磁性树脂(MIEX(R))作为一种新型强碱型阴离子交换树脂能够通过离子交换作用去除水体中天然有机物和无机阴离子.与传统离子交换树脂相比,MIEX(R)具有吸附速率快,易再生等优势,正逐渐应用于饮用水净化与深度处理领域.论文综述了MIEX(R)的主要理化特性；在水处理中的应用效果,包括对目标污染物的去除以及受溶液pH值,温度,竞争吸附离子等的影响;阐述了MIEX(R)与混凝、活性炭、膜滤等常规处理工艺集成的可行性及优势；最后对MIEX(R)和磁性树脂技术在国内饮用水处理应用过程中面临的问题提出了建议和展望.     

功能化碳质材料的制备及其对水中重金属的去除

重金属污染是目前最为严峻的环境问题之一,我国的重金属污染问题尤为突出。活性炭、纳米碳管和石墨烯等环境友好型碳质材料由于其比表面积大,吸附能力强等优点而被应用于水中重金属的去除,而进行官能团功能化改性后其吸附效果可以明显提高。本文重点阐述了活性炭、纳米碳管、石墨烯及生物质炭等碳质材料的巯基化(-SH)、氨基化(-NH₂)等功能化改性方法及其应用,考察了功能化碳质复合材料对水中重金属离子的去除效果和影响因素,最后展望了功能化碳质复合材料对水中重金属污染物去除研究的发展方向。     

吸附树脂对微污染水中有机污染物的吸附研究

以活性炭作为参照,从静态和动态吸附角度,利用3种吸附树脂对微污染水中代表性污染物氯仿、三氯乙烯、2,4-二氯苯酚和腐殖酸进行了吸附去除效果研究。结果表明,吸附树脂对水溶液中有机物吸附去除具有较好的效果,但仍然存在进一步提高吸附容量的问题。     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shifts of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by means of PMR spectroscopy. The dipolar and uncharged hydroxy forms exist in equilibrium in aqueous solutions. The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium in the case of 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was investigated. The possibility of the separate protonation of the ring nitrogen and the side-chain nitrogen in 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in 4-hydroxyisoquinoline is in good agreement with its chemical behavior.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1546–1549, November, 1971     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shift of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 3-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by PMR spectroscopy. The regions of ionization of the molecules, which correspond to the ranges of acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, were found. In D₂O, 3-hydroxyquinoline is present only in the uncharged hydroxy form. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline has a substantial effect on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium; the existence of separate protonation of the nitrogen atoms of the ring and the side chain of 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in the 3-hydroxyquinoline molecule is in good agreement with its chemical behavior during electrophilic substitution.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1540–1545, November, 1971.     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.